Deck 5: Upper Extremity

Question 1

The bone part labeled with the arrow in this figure is the:

A) radial notch.
B) trochlear notch.
C) coronoid process.
D) olecranon process.

Answer 1

coronoid process.

Question 2

Soft tissue radiographs of the elbow in the lateral position are often ordered to demonstrate:

A) veins.
B) nerves.
C) fat pads.
D) fractures.

Answer 2

fat pads.

Question 3

What bone is shown in this figure?

A) Radius
B) Tibia
C) Ulna
D) Humerus

Answer 3

Humerus

Question 4

Which of the following is the largest carpal bone?

A) Capitate
B) Hamate
C) Scaphoid
D) Triquetrum

Question 5

What is the bone in the upper arm?

A) Radius
B) Ulna
C) Humerus
D) Capitulum

Question 6

The first bone located on the proximal row and lateral side of the wrist is called the:

A) trapezoid.
B) trapezium.
C) lunate.
D) scaphoid.

Question 7

How many phalanges are there in the thumb?

A) One
B) Two
C) Three
D) Four

Question 8

The bone part shown in this figure is the:

A) distal ulna.
B) proximal ulna.
C) distal radius.
D) proximal radius.

Question 9

The area on the bone labeled with the arrow is this figure is the:

A) radial notch.
B) trochlear notch.
C) coronoid process.
D) olecranon process.

Question 10

The palm of the hand is formed by:

A) five carpals.
B) five metacarpals.
C) eight carpals.
D) eight metacarpals.

Question 11

The capitulum of the humerus articulates with the:

A) radial head.
B) trochlea.
C) lateral epicondyle.
D) ulnar coronoid process.

Question 12

Which of the following passes through the carpal canal?

A) Radial vein
B) Radial nerve
C) Median vein
D) Median nerve

Question 13

The carpal bones articulate with the:

A) radius only.
B) ulna only.
C) phalanges only.
D) radius,ulna,and phalanges.

Question 14

The thumb is also known as the:

A) lateral digit.
B) first digit.
C) medial digit.
D) fifth digit.

Question 15

Which of the following bones make up the wrist?

A) Five carpals
B) Five metacarpals
C) Eight carpals
D) Eight metacarpals

Question 16

The third metacarpal of the hand articulates with the:

A) lunate.
B) scaphoid.
C) hamate.
D) capitate.

Question 17

The bone indicated by the arrow in this figure is the:

A) ulna.
B) radius.
C) tibia.
D) humerus.

Question 18

The hand consists of how many bones?

A) 8
B) 14
C) 27
D) 32

Question 19

How many phalanges are there in the hand?

A) 14
B) 27
C) 30
D) 32

Question 20

The head of the radius articulates on the medial side with the:

A) coronoid process.
B) trochlear notch.
C) ulnar styloid process.
D) radial notch.

Question 21

Which of the following central-ray angles is used for the lateral projection of the wrist?

A) 0 degrees
B) 5 degrees
C) 7 degrees
D) 0 to 5 degrees

Question 22

The general patient position most commonly used to perform a radiograph of a finger (digit)is:

A) AP.
B) PA.
C) sitting at the end of the table.
D) standing at the end of the table.

Question 23

The bone or bone part identified by the arrow in this figure is the:

A) ulna.
B) radius.
C) humerus.
D) olecranon process.

Question 24

For a PA projection of the second digit,the central ray is directed to the:

A) distal interphalangeal joint.
B) proximal interphalangeal joint.
C) metacarpophalangeal joint.
D) carpometacarpal joint.

Question 25

The bone part identified by the arrow in this figure is the:

A) trochlea.
B) capitulum.
C) radial head.
D) olecranon process.

Question 26

The bone identified by the arrow in this figure is the:

A) ulna.
B) radius.
C) fibula.
D) humerus.

Question 27

The central-ray angulation for the PA projection of the hand is _____ degrees.

A) 0
B) 5
C) 7
D) 3

Question 28

For a PA projection of the hand,the central ray is directed to enter the:

A) second MCP joint.
B) third MCP joint.
C) head of the third metacarpal.
D) head of the second metacarpal.

Question 29

The central ray for a PA projection of the wrist is directed to enter the:

A) radiocarpal joint.
B) scaphoid.
C) midcarpal area.
D) third CMC joint.

Question 30

For the AP projection of the thumb,Lewis suggests angling the central ray toward the wrist to demonstrate the first metacarpal free of the sesamoids and of the soft tissue of the palm.What is the suggested central-ray angle?

A) 10 degrees
B) 15 degrees
C) 5 to 10 degrees
D) 10 to 15 degrees

Question 31

For a lateral projection of the hand,the central ray is directed to enter the:

A) second digit MCP joint.
B) PIP joint.
C) distal PIP joint.
D) midmetacarpal area.

Question 32

All of the following positions are used to demonstrate the hand in the lateral projection,except:

A) ulnar surface on IR,hand extended.
B) radial surface on IR,hand extended.
C) ulnar surface on IR,digits in "fan lateral."
D) radial surface on IR,digits in "fan lateral."

Question 33

The most common oblique projection of the second through fifth digits is _____ with _____ rotation.

A) AP; medial
B) AP; lateral
C) PA; medial
D) PA; lateral

Question 34

Which of the following is the primary projection used to demonstrate anterior or posterior displacement of fractures of the hand or wrist?

A) AP
B) PA
C) Lateral
D) AP oblique

Question 35

How much wrist rotation is required for the PA oblique projection,lateral rotation position of the wrist?

A) 25
B) 30
C) 40
D) 45

Question 36

What anatomy is indicated by the arrow in this figure?

A) Trochlea
B) Capitulum
C) Radial head
D) Olecranon process

Question 37

Which of the following projections would be used to better demonstrate the carpal interspaces?

A) AP
B) PA
C) Lateral
D) PA oblique with lateral rotation

Question 38

Flexing the fingers for a PA projection of the wrist causes which of the following?

A) Placement of the carpal bones farther from the IR
B) Placement of the carpal bones closer to the IR
C) Less pain for the patient when the wrist is broken
D) Greater resolution of the carpal interspaces

Question 39

How many degrees is the elbow flexed for a lateral projection of the wrist?

A) 0
B) 25
C) 45
D) 90

Question 40

For a lateral projection of the second through fifth digits,the central ray is directed:

A) 0 degrees.
B) 5 degrees caudad.
C) 5 degrees cephalad.
D) 2 to 5 degrees cephalad.

Question 41

How many degrees is the central ray angled for the AP forearm?

A) 0
B) 5
C) 7
D) 3

Question 42

For the PA projection of the wrist in ulnar deviation,the central ray is directed to the:

A) pisiform.
B) scaphoid.
C) radiocarpal joint.
D) midcarpal area.

Question 43

The lateral projection of the forearm should clearly demonstrate all of the following,except:

A) radius and ulna.
B) MCP joints.
C) elbow joint.
D) proximal row of carpal bones.

Question 44

For the AP projection of the elbow,the humeral epicondyles are positioned:

A) perpendicular to the IR.
B) parallel to the IR.
C) superimposed over each other.
D) not clearly seen.

Question 45

Which of the following methods is used to demonstrate the carpal canal?

A) Stecher (PA axial)
B) Norgaard (AP oblique)
C) Lawrence (inferosuperior axial)
D) Gaynor-Hart (tangential)

Question 46

The central-ray angulation for the tangential projection (inferosuperior)of demonstrating the carpal canal is _____ degrees.

A) 15
B) 20
C) 25 to 30
D) 35 to 45

Question 47

If the IR and wrist are elevated for the PA axial projection of the wrist (Stecher method),the central ray orientation is:

A) perpendicular to the IR.
B) 20 degrees toward the elbow.
C) 20 degrees toward the hand.
D) variable according to the degree of IR/part elevation.

Question 48

For the lateral projection of the forearm,the elbow should be flexed:

A) 45 degrees.
B) 80 degrees.
C) 90 degrees.
D) 120 degrees.

Question 49

The IR must be elevated how many degrees for the PA axial projection of the wrist (Stecher method)?

A) 5 degrees
B) 10 degrees
C) 15 degrees
D) 20 degrees

Question 50

How many degrees is the central-ray angled for a PA oblique projection of the wrist?

A) 0
B) 5
C) 12
D) 0 to 5

Question 51

The PA projection of the wrist in ulnar deviation clearly demonstrates the:

A) trapezium.
B) trapezoid.
C) hamate.
D) scaphoid.

Question 52

For the PA projection of the wrist in ulnar deviation,how many degrees is the central ray angled?

A) 0
B) 5
C) 7
D) 5 to 7

Question 53

For the AP projection of the forearm,the hand is:

A) supinated.
B) pronated.
C) placed in the lateral position.
D) placed in a 45-degree oblique position.

Question 54

Which of the following projections corrects foreshortening of the scaphoid?

A) PA
B) PA oblique in lateral rotation
C) PA in radial deviation
D) PA in ulnar deviation

Question 55

The PA axial projection of the wrist (Stecher method)clearly demonstrates the:

A) lunate.
B) capitate.
C) scaphoid.
D) distal row of carpal bones.

Question 56

How many degrees should the elbow be angled for an AP oblique projection in medial rotation?

A) 35 degrees
B) 40 degrees
C) 45 degrees
D) 55 degrees

Question 57

If the IR and wrist are placed flat on the table for the PA axial projection of the wrist (Stecher method),what central ray orientation is required?

A) 10 degrees toward the elbow
B) 10 degrees toward the hand
C) 20 degrees toward the elbow
D) 20 degrees toward the hand

Question 58

For exact positioning of the PA oblique wrist,and to ensure duplication in follow-up examinations,which of the following is required?

A) 30-degree foam wedge
B) 45-degree foam wedge
C) 2-inch block
D) 3-inch block

Question 59

What structure is shown in profile on a lateral projection of the elbow?

A) Radial neck
B) Radial head
C) Olecranon process
D) Humeral epicondyles

Question 60

How many degrees is the elbow flexed for the lateral projection of the elbow?

A) 0
B) 45
C) 75
D) 90

Question 61

What projection of the elbow demonstrates the radial head and neck free of superimposition?

A) AP oblique projection,lateral rotation
B) AP oblique projection,medial rotation
C) AP projection,partial flexion
D) AP projection,acute flexion

Question 62

What anatomy should be demonstrated free of superimposition on an AP oblique projection of the elbow in lateral rotation?

A) Capitulum
B) Trochlea
C) Radial head and neck
D) Olecranon process

Question 63

Where is the central ray directed for a lateral projection of the humerus?

A) Elbow joint
B) Shoulder joint
C) Glenoid cavity
D) Midpoint of the humerus

Question 64

How far above the humeral head should the upper margin of the IR be placed for an AP humerus?

A) inch
B) 1 inch
C) 1inches
D) 2 inches

Question 65

Which of the following positions can be used to perform a lateral projection of the humerus on a patient who has a suspected fracture?

A) Supine
B) Standing
C) Lateral decubitus
D) Lateral recumbent

Question 66

What anatomy should be projected free of superimposition for an AP oblique projection of the elbow with medial rotation?

A) Lateral epicondyle
B) Coronoid process
C) Olecranon process
D) Olecranon fossa

Question 67

How many degrees should the elbow be angled for an AP lateral oblique projection?

A) 30 degrees
B) 40 degrees
C) 45 degrees
D) 50 degrees

Question 68

Which of the following methods is used when the arm cannot be abducted for the standard AP or lateral projection of the humerus?

A) Stecher
B) Lawrence
C) Norgaard
D) Gaynor-Hart

Question 69

Which of the following positions of the hand will place the epicondyles parallel with the plane of the IR?

A) Lateral
B) Pronation
C) Supination
D) 45-degree lateral rotation

Question 70

Where is the central ray directed for an AP projection of the humerus?

A) Elbow joint
B) Shoulder joint
C) Body of the humerus
D) Midpoint of the humerus

Question 71

What anatomic structure is shown in profile on an AP projection of the humerus?

A) Capitulum
B) Glenoid cavity
C) Greater tubercle
D) Lesser tubercle

Question 72

Which of the following breathing techniques should be used for a lateral projection of the humerus?

A) Shallow breathing
B) Full inspiration
C) Full expiration
D) Suspended respiration

Question 73

If a patient is unable to extend the forearm for an AP projection of the elbow,how many projections are necessary to avoid distortion of the joint?

A) Two
B) Three
C) Four
D) Five

Question 74

The position recommended to increase patient comfort when performing an AP projection of the humerus is:

A) prone.
B) recumbent.
C) supine.
D) upright.

Question 75

What is the central-ray angulation for the AP elbow when the forearm is partially flexed?

A) 0 degrees
B) 5 degrees
C) 10 degrees
D) 5 to 10 degrees

Question 76

How far above the humeral head should the upper margin of the IR be placed for a lateral projection of the humerus?

A) inch
B) 1 inch
C) 1inches
D) 2 inches

Question 77

What anatomic structure is shown in profile on a lateral projection of the humerus?

A) Capitulum
B) Glenoid cavity
C) Lesser tubercle
D) Greater tubercle

Question 78

For the AP projection of the humerus,the hand is positioned:

A) supinated.
B) pronated.
C) lateral.
D) in 30-degree medial rotation.

Question 79

How is the upper extremity positioned for the lateral projection of the humerus?

A) Laterally rotated to place humeral epicondyles at a 45-degree angle
B) Medially rotated to place humeral epicondyles at a 45-degree angle
C) Laterally rotated to place the humeral epicondyles parallel with the IR
D) Medially rotated to place humeral epicondyles perpendicular to the IR

Question 80

Which of the following breathing techniques should be used for an AP projection of the humerus?

A) Suspended respiration
B) Full inspiration
C) Full expiration
D) Shallow breathing