Deck 6: Shoulder Girdle

Question 1

The part identified on the clavicle in this figure is the:

A) sternal extremity.
B) acromial extremity.
C) inferior angle.
D) subscapular fossa.

Answer 1

acromial extremity.

Question 2

The acromial extremity of the clavicle articulates with the:

A) glenoid cavity.
B) coracoid process.
C) sternal extremity of the clavicle.
D) acromion process of the scapula.

Answer 2

acromion process of the scapula.

Question 3

The large,rounded,elevated process prominently located on the lateral surface of the proximal humerus is the:

A) greater tubercle.
B) lesser tubercle.
C) medial epicondyle.
D) lateral epicondyle.

Answer 3

greater tubercle.

Question 4

The part identified by the arrow in this figure is the:

A) superior angle.
B) inferior angle.
C) coracoid process.
D) lateral border.

Question 5

All of the following positions of the humerus are commonly used when performing an AP projection of the shoulder,except:

A) superior rotation.
B) external rotation.
C) neutral rotation.
D) internal rotation.

Question 6

The bone part identified by the arrow in this figure is the:

A) acromion.
B) costal surface.
C) coracoid process.
D) glenoid cavity.

Question 7

The area of the proximal humerus located directly below the tubercles,which is the site of many fractures,is called the:

A) anatomic neck.
B) surgical neck.
C) coracoid process.
D) intertubercular groove.

Question 8

The scapulohumeral articulation is classified as a _____ joint,_____ type.

A) cartilaginous; gliding
B) fibrous; gliding
C) synovial; ball and socket
D) synovial; condyloid

Question 9

To demonstrate the greater tubercle of the humerus on an AP projection of the shoulder,the epicondyles must be:

A) in a neutral position.
B) at a 45-degree angle with the plane of the IR.
C) parallel with the plane of the IR.
D) perpendicular with the plane of the IR.

Question 10

What joint is formed by the articulation between the glenoid cavity and head of the humerus?

A) Synovial
B) Spheroidal
C) Acromioclavicular
D) Scapulohumeral

Question 11

The bony area identified by the arrow in this figure is the:

A) acromion.
B) costal surface.
C) coracoid process.
D) glenoid cavity.

Question 12

What is the recommended exposure field dimensions for the AP projection of the shoulder?

A) 8 * 10 inches (18 * 24 cm)
B) 10 * 12 inches (24 * 30 cm)
C) 11 * 14 inches (30 * 35 cm)
D) 7 * 17 inches (18 * 43 cm)

Question 13

The part identified by the arrow in this figure is the:

A) acromion.
B) coracoid process.
C) glenoid cavity.
D) superior border.

Question 14

Patients often arrive in the radiology department with trauma to the shoulder.Which of the following positions is recommended for x-ray examination of the shoulder on these patients?

A) Supine
B) Upright
C) Lateral recumbent
D) Lateral decubitus

Question 15

For an AP projection of the shoulder,the central ray should be directed:

A) 15 degrees.
B) 30 degrees.
C) 15 to 30 degrees.
D) perpendicular to the IR.

Question 16

The respiration phase for an AP projection of the shoulder should be:

A) inspiration.
B) expiration.
C) suspended.
D) shallow breathing.

Question 17

The bones that connect the upper limb to the trunk are collectively termed the:

A) upper extremity girdle.
B) upper limb fixators.
C) shoulder girdle.
D) shoulder joint proper.

Question 18

The depression identified in this figure is called the:

A) infraspinous fossa.
B) supraspinous fossa.
C) intertubercular groove.
D) surgical neck.

Question 19

The small,synovial fluid-filled sacs,which relieve pressure and reduce friction in joint tissues,are called:

A) bursae.
B) ligaments.
C) tendons.
D) cartilage.

Question 20

The small,rounded,elevated process identified by the arrow in this figure is the:

A) acromion.
B) anatomic neck.
C) greater tubercle.
D) lesser tubercle.

Question 21

The greater tubercle will be partially superimposed over the humeral head on which of the following projections and positions?

A) AP,external rotation
B) AP,neutral rotation
C) AP,internal rotation
D) PA oblique,scapular Y

Question 22

What structure is prominently shown in profile on an AP projection of the shoulder,internal rotation position?

A) Lesser tubercle
B) Greater tubercle
C) Glenoid cavity
D) Acromioclavicular joint

Question 23

How should the humerus be positioned for an inferosuperior axial projection (Lawrence)of the shoulder joint?

A) Internal rotation
B) External rotation
C) Neutral position
D) Variable according to central ray angle

Question 24

How far should the arm be abducted for an inferosuperior projection (Lawrence)of the shoulder joint?

A) 15 degrees
B) 30 degrees
C) 45 degrees
D) 90 degrees

Question 25

The projection of the shoulder demonstrated in this figure is the:

A) axiolateral.
B) inferosuperior axial (Lawrence).
C) transthoracic lateral (Lawrence).
D) acromioclavicular (Pearson).

Question 26

How is the central ray directed for an inferosuperior axial projection (Lawrence)of the shoulder joint?

A) 5 degrees horizontally
B) 15 to 30 degrees horizontally
C) 5 degrees cephalad
D) 15 to 30 degrees cephalad

Question 27

For an AP projection of the shoulder with the humerus in internal rotation,how should the humeral epicondyles be positioned in relation to the IR plane?

A) Perpendicular
B) Parallel
C) 45 degrees
D) 60 degrees

Question 28

If the patient places the palm of the hand against the thigh,the humerus will be in:

A) lateral position.
B) external rotation.
C) internal rotation.
D) neutral position.

Question 29

For an AP projection of the shoulder,the central ray should enter:

A) 1 inch (2.5 cm)inferior to the coracoid process.
B) 1 inch (2.5 cm)superior to the coracoid process.
C) 2 inches (5 cm)inferior to the coracoid process.
D) 2 inches (5 cm)superior to the coracoid process.

Question 30

If a breathing technique cannot be used for the transthoracic lateral projection of the shoulder (Lawrence)the exposure should be made using:

A) full expiration.
B) full inspiration.
C) partial inspiration.
D) partial expiration.

Question 31

The use of compensating filters is particularly useful when using:

A) small focal spot.
B) digital radiography systems.
C) a larger exposure field.
D) less collimation.

Question 32

If the patient cannot elevate the unaffected shoulder for a transthoracic lateral projection (Lawrence)of the shoulder,what central ray orientation is needed?

A) 3 to 5 degrees cephalad
B) 3 to 5 degrees caudad
C) 10 to 15 degrees cephalad
D) 10 to 15 degrees caudad

Question 33

For an AP projection of the shoulder with the arm in a neutral position,how should the humeral epicondyles be positioned in regards to the IR plane?

A) Parallel
B) Perpendicular
C) 45 degrees
D) 60 degrees

Question 34

If the patient can be positioned properly,the central-ray angle for the transthoracic lateral projection (Lawrence)of the shoulder is:

A) 0 degrees.
B) 5 degrees cephalad.
C) 10 degrees cephalad.
D) 15 degrees cephalad.

Question 35

How far (approximately)should the head,shoulders,and elbow be elevated for the inferosuperior axial projection (Lawrence)of the shoulder?

A) 2 inches
B) 3 inches
C) 4 inches
D) 5 inches

Question 36

For a transthoracic lateral projection (Lawrence)of the shoulder,lung detail may be blurred to better visualize the shoulder area.Which exposure time is recommended to blur the lung structures?

A) Minimum of 1 second
B) Minimum of 2 seconds
C) Minimum of 3 seconds
D) Minimum of 5 seconds

Question 37

When the arm cannot be rotated or abducted due to injury,which of these can be used to perform a lateral projection of the shoulder?

A) Tangential projection,Settegast method
B) PA axial projection,Holmblad method
C) Transthoracic lateral projection,Lawrence method
D) AP projection,Pearson method

Question 38

Where should the center of the IR be positioned for a lateral projection of the shoulder?

A) Acromion process
B) Anatomical neck
C) Surgical neck
D) Greater tubercle

Question 39

If the patient places the back of the hand against the hip,the humerus will be in:

A) external rotation.
B) internal rotation.
C) abduction.
D) adduction.

Question 40

Which of the following is prominently shown in profile on an AP projection of the shoulder with the humerus in external rotation?

A) Lesser tubercle
B) Greater tubercle
C) Scapulohumeral joint
D) Acromioclavicular joint

Question 41

The central-ray angle for an AP axial projection of the clavicle when performed on a patient in the supine position is _____ degrees.

A) 5 to 10
B) 10 to 25
C) 15 to 25
D) 15 to 30

Question 42

To elevate the clavicle above the ribs and scapula for the AP axial projection,the phase of respiration should be:

A) full inspiration.
B) full expiration.
C) shallow breathing.
D) suspended respiration.

Question 43

What is the central ray angle for the PA oblique projection (scapular Y)of the shoulder joint?

A) 0 degrees
B) 5 degrees caudad
C) 10 degrees caudad
D) 15 degrees caudad

Question 44

Two exposures are commonly made of the AC joints-one without weights and one with weights.How are the weights applied?

A) Affixed to the elbows
B) Affixed to the wrists
C) Held in the hands
D) Held by the fingers

Question 45

All of these projections can be used to demonstrate the clavicle,except:

A) AP.
B) AP axial.
C) PA axial.
D) Lateral.

Question 46

For an AP projection of the scapula,the recommended exposure field is:

A) 8 * 10 inches (18 * 24 cm)lengthwise.
B) 10 * 12 inches (24 * 30 cm)lengthwise.
C) 8 * 10 inches (18 * 24 cm)crosswise.
D) 10 * 12 inches (24 * 30 cm)crosswise.

Question 47

PA oblique projection of the shoulder (scapular Y)is performed to evaluate:

A) carcinoma.
B) fractures.
C) dislocations.
D) soft tissue swelling.

Question 48

The respiration phase for an AP projection of the scapula is:

A) inspiration.
B) expiration.
C) suspended respiration.
D) shallow breathing.

Question 49

The PA oblique projection of the shoulder joint (scapular Y)is performed in which of the following positions?

A) AP
B) Lateral
C) RAO or LAO
D) RPO or LPO

Question 50

How many pounds of weight should be affixed to each wrist for the AP projection of the AC joint?

A) 2 lb
B) 5 lb
C) 2 to 4 lb
D) 5 to 8 lb

Question 51

For delineation of the acromion and coracoid processes of the scapula in the lateral projection,how is the arm positioned?

A) Flex the elbow and place the hand on the anterior abdomen.
B) Flex the elbow and place the hand on the posterior thorax.
C) Extend the arm upward and rest the forearm on the head.
D) Extend the arm straight down at the side in the anatomic position.

Question 52

Which structures is projected in lateral profile on a PA oblique (scapular Y)projection?

A) Humerus
B) Scapula
C) Clavicle
D) Acromion

Question 53

For the PA oblique projection (scapular Y)of the shoulder,the body is rotated so that the midcoronal plane is how many degrees from the IR?

A) 25
B) 45
C) 45 to 60
D) 25 to 60

Question 54

The Pearson method is an AP projection of the:

A) shoulder joint.
B) proximal humerus.
C) scapulohumeral joint.
D) acromioclavicular articulation.

Question 55

The AP projection of the AC joints places the joints at an increased OID.Which of the following is the recommended SID to compensate for this distance?

A) 40 inches
B) 48 inches
C) 72 inches
D) 120 inches

Question 56

How is the upper extremity positioned for an AP scapula?

A) Abducted 90 degrees,with elbow flexed
B) Abducted 45 degrees,with elbow flexed
C) Adducted,lateral rotation
D) Adducted,medial rotation

Question 57

What anatomy is superimposed over the junction of the Y on the PA oblique (scapular Y)projection on a patient with a normal shoulder joint?

A) Humerus
B) Humeral head
C) Coracoid process
D) Acromion process

Question 58

How should the central ray be angled for the AP projection (Pearson method)of the AC joints?

A) 0 degrees
B) 5 degrees cephalad
C) 7 degrees cephalad
D) 5 to 7 degrees cephalad

Question 59

Which projection clearly demonstrates the glenoid cavity?

A) AP
B) PA oblique (scapular Y)
C) AP oblique (Grashey)
D) Transthoracic lateral (Lawrence)

Question 60

How many degrees is the body rotated for the AP oblique projection (Grashey method)of the shoulder joint?

A) 20 degrees toward the affected side
B) 20 degrees away from the affected side
C) 35 to 45 degrees away from the affected side
D) 35 to 45 degrees toward the affected side

Question 61

Which position of the hand will place the humerus in external rotation?

A) Pronation
B) Supination
C) Palm against the thigh
D) Back of the hand against the thigh

Question 62

What is the central-ray angulation for the AP oblique projection (Grashey method)of the shoulder joint?

A) 0 degrees
B) 5 degrees
C) 0 to 5 degrees
D) 5 to 10 degrees

Question 63

When the patient is positioned properly for a lateral projection of the scapula,the body of the scapula will be _____ the plane of the IR.

A) perpendicular to
B) parallel with
C) at a 30-degree angle to
D) at a 60-degree angle to

Question 64

For delineation of the body of the scapula for the lateral projection,how is the arm positioned?

A) Flex the elbow and place the hand on the anterior abdomen.
B) Flex the elbow and place the hand on the posterior thorax.
C) Extend the arm straight down at the side.
D) Extend the arm upward and rest the forearm on the head.

Question 65

The projection in the image below was obtained with the arm positioned in:

A) neutral position.
B) external rotation.
C) internal rotation.
D) oblique rotation.

Question 66

Which of the following methods best demonstrates the supraspinatus outlet (coracoacromial arch)?

A) Neer
B) Alexander
C) West Point
D) Stryker notch

Question 67

How much is the body rotated for a PA oblique projection of the shoulder?

A) 5 to 15 degrees
B) 20 to 45 degrees
C) 30 to 55 degrees
D) 45 to 60 degrees

Question 68

The rounded head of the humerus fits into an oval depression on the lateral aspect of the scapula called the:

A) neck.
B) acromion.
C) lateral angle.
D) glenoid cavity.

Question 69

A Hill-Sachs defect is defined as a:

A) fracture due to posterior dislocation of the humeral head.
B) wedge-shaped compression fracture of the articular surface of the humeral head.
C) congenital deformity of the humeral head.
D) congenital deformity of the glenoid cavity.

Question 70

When the Fisk modification is used for the tangential projection of the intertubercular groove,the patient is:

A) prone.
B) supine.
C) sitting.
D) standing.

Question 71

Which position of the hand will place the humerus in neutral position?

A) Pronation
B) Supination
C) Palm against the thigh
D) Back of the hand against the thigh

Question 72

When the tangential projection of the intertubercular groove is performed with the patient supine,the position of the hand is:

A) supinated.
B) pronated.
C) lateral.
D) neutral.

Question 73

The lesser tubercle is situated on which surface of the humerus?

A) Medial
B) Lateral
C) Anterior
D) Posterior

Question 74

All of these projections are improved significantly with the use of a compensating filter,except:

A) lateral scapula.
B) PA oblique (scapular Y).
C) AP shoulder.
D) transthoracic lateral (Lawrence).

Question 75

The clavicle is classified as a(n)_____ bone.

A) short
B) long
C) flat
D) irregular

Question 76

The scapula is classified as a(n)_____ bone.

A) flat
B) short
C) long
D) irregular

Question 77

The central-ray angulation for a lateral scapula is:

A) 0 degrees.
B) 5 degrees caudad.
C) 10 degrees cephalad.
D) 5 to 10 degrees cephalad.

Question 78

All of the joints of the shoulder girdle are:

A) synovial,freely movable.
B) fibrous,slightly movable.
C) fibrous,immovable.
D) cartilaginous,immovable.

Question 79

Which position of the hand will place the humerus in internal rotation?

A) Pronation
B) Supination
C) Palm against the thigh
D) Back of the hand against the thigh

Question 80

When the Fisk modification is used for the tangential projection of the intertubercular groove,the vertical humerus is placed at an angle of _____ degrees.

A) 0
B) 5
C) 5 to 10
D) 10 to 15