Deck 16: Urinary System and Venipuncture

Question 1

Which of the following serve(s)as a reservoir to store urine?

A) Kidneys
B) Calyces
C) Ureters
D) Urinary bladder

Answer 1

Urinary bladder

Question 2

Where do the ureters lie in relation to the peritoneum?

A) In the peritoneum
B) Behind the peritoneum
C) In front of the peritoneum
D) In the peritoneal space

Answer 2

Behind the peritoneum

Question 3

Which of the following is true regarding the kidneys?

A) The left kidney is longer and narrower than the right.
B) The left kidney is lower than the right.
C) The right kidney is longer and narrower than the left.
D) Both kidneys are the same length and width.

Answer 3

The left kidney is longer and narrower than the right.

Question 4

The organ identified in the figure below is the:

A) spleen.
B) liver.
C) left kidney.
D) right kidney.

Question 5

The cup-shaped recesses in the center of each kidney that receive the urine from the collecting ducts are called the:

A) hilum.
B) calyces.
C) renal sinuses.
D) renal pelvis.

Question 6

How much urine is excreted by the kidneys each day?

A) 0.5 to 1 L
B) 1 to 2 L
C) 1.5 to 2.5 L
D) 2 to 3 L

Question 7

The cluster of blood capillaries contained within the capsule of a nephron is called the:

A) cortex.
B) medulla.
C) Henle loop.
D) glomerulus.

Question 8

The site where the ureters enter the bladder is termed the _____ junction.

A) ureterocalyceal
B) cystoureteral
C) ureterovesical
D) ureterocystic

Question 9

How much will the kidneys drop in the change from the supine to the upright position?

A) 1 inch
B) 2 inches
C) 3 inches
D) 3inches

Question 10

Where do the ureters enter the bladder?

A) Posterior wall
B) Superior wall
C) Anterior wall
D) Posterosuperior wall

Question 11

In some radiography procedures involving the urinary system,the contrast medium is introduced against the normal flow.This is termed:

A) infusion.
B) percutaneous.
C) antegrade.
D) retrograde.

Question 12

How much fluid can the adult bladder hold when full?

A) 75 mL
B) 100 mL
C) 400 mL
D) 500 mL

Question 13

Which of the following serves as the filter for the blood in the kidney?

A) Glomerulus
B) Afferent tubule
C) Henle loop
D) The convoluted tubules

Question 14

The technique of injecting contrast media into a vein and taking radiographic images of the kidneys,ureters,and bladder is termed:

A) pyelography.
B) antegrade urography.
C) intravenous urography.
D) nephrotomography.

Question 15

The area of the kidney identified in the figure below is the:

A) hilum.
B) renal pelvis.
C) renal sinus.
D) minor calyx.

Question 16

A radiographic examination of the urinary bladder is termed:

A) cystography.
B) cystourethrography.
C) cystoureterography.
D) retrograde urography.

Question 17

Which of the following is secreted by the suprarenal glands?

A) Epinephrine
B) Thyroxine
C) Prolactin
D) Glucagon

Question 18

How long is the urethra in the female?

A) 1 inch
B) 1 1/2 inches
C) 2 inches
D) 2 1/2 inches

Question 19

The microscopic components of the parenchyma of the kidney are called:

A) nephrons.
B) calyces.
C) the glomerulus.
D) cortical substances.

Question 20

For which body habitus will the kidneys lie at the highest level?

A) Sthenic
B) Asthenic
C) Hypersthenic
D) Hyposthenic

Question 21

Where is the compression applied during an IVU?

A) Over the kidneys
B) Distal ends of the ureters
C) Middle portion of the ureters
D) Directly over the bladder

Question 22

The series of radiographic images made during an IVU examination are typically done at time intervals between _____ minutes.

A) 2 and 10
B) 5 and 10
C) 3 and 20
D) 5 and 30

Question 23

All of the following projections are used during a cystogram,except:

A) PA oblique.
B) AP.
C) lateral.
D) AP oblique.

Question 24

Which decubitus position is commonly used during an IVU examination to demonstrate the ureteropelvic junction?

A) Ventral decubitus
B) Dorsal decubitus
C) L lateral decubitus
D) R lateral decubitus

Question 25

The respiration phase for all exposures made during an IVU is:

A) inspiration.
B) expiration.
C) suspended respiration.
D) shallow breathing.

Question 26

What if the recommended size and orientation of the radiation field for examination of the urinary bladder (cystogram)?

A) 8 * 10 inches (18 * 24 cm)crosswise
B) 10 * 12 inches (24 * 30 cm)crosswise
C) 10 * 12 inches (24 * 30 cm)lengthwise
D) 14 * 17 inches (35 * 43 cm)crosswise

Question 27

How much is the patient rotated from the supine for an AP oblique projection of the urinary system?

A) 30 degrees
B) 35 degrees
C) 40 degrees
D) 45 degrees

Question 28

Which technique is used to get contrast medium into the urinary bladder for a cystogram?

A) Percutaneous technique
B) Physiologic technique
C) Retrograde filling technique
D) Antegrade filling technique

Question 29

What is the central-ray angle for the AP oblique projections of the urinary system?

A) 0 degrees
B) 5 degrees
C) 10 degrees
D) 15 degrees

Question 30

Where is the IR centered for an AP axial projection of the urinary bladder (cystogram)?

A) At the pubic symphysis
B) 1 inch above the upper border of the pubic symphysis
C) 1inches above the upper border of the pubic symphysis
D) 2 inches above the upper border of the symphysis pubis

Question 31

Where is the IR centered for all abdominal images taken during examinations of the urinary system?

A) L3
B) Iliac crests
C) 2 inches above the iliac crests
D) 2 inches below the iliac crests

Question 32

How much is the body rotated for the AP oblique projection of the urinary bladder during a cystogram?

A) 25 degrees
B) 45 degrees
C) 40 to 60 degrees
D) 60 to 80 degrees

Question 33

How many minutes after injection does the greatest concentration of contrast medium appear in the kidneys?

A) 1 to 5
B) 6 to 9
C) 15 to 20
D) 20 to 30

Question 34

Preparation of the patient for an IVU includes all of the following,except:

A) NPO after midnight.
B) cleansing enemas.
C) a nongas forming laxative.
D) a light evening meal.

Question 35

The technical factors used for an IVU should provide sufficient exposure technique to clearly demonstrate all of these,except:

A) borders of psoas muscles.
B) lower liver border.
C) renal shadows.
D) nephrons.

Question 36

Which of the following is true regarding positioning of the abdomen for a lateral projection of the urinary system?

A) The midcoronal plane is centered to the grid.
B) A coronal plane 1 inch anterior to the midcoronal plane is centered to the grid.
C) A coronal plane 2 inches anterior to the midcoronal plane is centered to the grid.
D) A coronal plane 2 inches posterior to the midcoronal plane is centered to the grid.

Question 37

Nonionic contrast agents are preferred because:

A) they produce fewer adverse reactions.
B) less is required to perform an exam.
C) the cost of nonionics is lower.
D) the kidneys filter it faster,thus decreasing the exam time.

Question 38

The concentration of iodine in ionic contrast media is:

A) 40% to 60%.
B) 50% to 70%.
C) 60% to 80%.
D) 70% to 90%.

Question 39

Nearly all life-threatening reactions to contrast media occur immediately or within _____ minutes of the injection.

A) 2
B) 5
C) 10
D) 20

Question 40

Within how many minutes does contrast medium appear in the pelvicalyceal system?

A) 0.5 to 1
B) 2 to 8
C) 5 to 11
D) 12 to 18

Question 41

The abbreviation for the excretory technique of urography is:

A) IVP.
B) EXU.
C) KUB.
D) IVU.

Question 42

How is the central ray positioned to free the bladder neck of superimposition during a female cystourethrogram?

A) 0 degrees
B) 5 degrees caudad
C) 5 degrees cephalad
D) 10 degrees cephalad

Question 43

What is the central-ray angulation for the PA axial urinary bladder?

A) 0 degrees
B) 10 degrees
C) 10 to 15 degrees caudad
D) 10 to 15 degrees cephalad

Question 44

The center of the compression device that is placed over the lower ureters during intravenous urography is positioned:

A) 1 inch above the pubic symphysis.
B) 1 inch above the iliac crests.
C) at the level of the ASIS.
D) at the level of the iliac crests.

Question 45

The mucosal folds on the inside of the urinary bladder are called:

A) serosa.
B) omenta.
C) rugae.
D) pleura.

Question 46

Which of the following is considered an operative examination?

A) Intravenous pyelography
B) Cystourethrography
C) Intravenous urography
D) Retrograde urography

Question 47

How much is the body rotated for the AP oblique projection during a male or female cystourethrogram?

A) 20 degrees
B) 30 degrees
C) 45 degrees
D) 35 to 40 degrees

Question 48

Where is the IR centered for the AP oblique projection during a male or female cystourethrogram?

A) Superior border of the pubic symphysis
B) 2 inches above the pubic symphysis
C) 2 inches below the pubic symphysis
D) Variable based on body habitus

Question 49

Which position may be helpful to demonstrate the lower ureters?

A) Fowler 10 degrees
B) Fowler 15 to 20 degrees
C) Trendelenburg 10 degrees
D) Trendelenburg 15 to 20 degrees

Question 50

The radiographic examination of the urethra is called:

A) cystography.
B) cystourethrography.
C) cystoureterography.
D) retrograde urography.

Question 51

What is the central-ray angulation for the AP axial urinary bladder?

A) 0 degrees
B) 10 degrees
C) 10 to 15 degrees caudad
D) 10 to 15 degrees cephalad

Question 52

The two kidneys lie:

A) behind the peritoneum.
B) behind the stomach.
C) inside the peritoneum.
D) inside the peritoneal cavity.

Question 53

Which projection will demonstrate the mobility of the kidneys during intravenous urography?

A) AP,upright position
B) PA,prone position
C) Lateral
D) Dorsal decubitus

Question 54

The antiseptic used to cleanse the skin before venipuncture should remain on the skin for:

A) 15 seconds.
B) 30 seconds.
C) 1 minute.
D) 2 minutes.

Question 55

What type of motion is used to cleanse the skin before venipuncture?

A) Circular
B) Upward
C) Downward
D) "Up-down"

Question 56

Which projection would place the right kidney perpendicular to the IR?

A) Right lateral
B) Right lateral,dorsal decubitus
C) AP oblique,RPO
D) AP oblique,LPO

Question 57

The concave medial border of the kidney where the blood vessels and ureter exit is called the:

A) sinus.
B) hilum.
C) renal pelvis.
D) renal papilla.

Question 58

The respiration phase for radiographic images made during intravenous urography is:

A) suspended inspiration.
B) suspended expiration.
C) suspended respiration.
D) slow breathing.

Question 59

What is the essential projection used for a cystourethrogram on a male patient?

A) AP
B) AP oblique
C) PA oblique
D) Lateral

Question 60

Which plane is centered to the grid for a lateral projection during a cystogram?

A) The midcoronal plane
B) A coronal plane 1 inch anterior to the midcoronal plane
C) A coronal plane 2 inches anterior to the midcoronal plane
D) A coronal plane 2 inches posterior to the midcoronal plane

Question 61

The dilated,proximal portion of the ureter is labeled with an arrow.What is the name of this anatomy shown in the image from an IVU below?

A) Renal pelvis
B) Hilum
C) Calyx
D) Trigone

Question 62

The normal GFR is:

A) 90 mL/min/1.73 m² or below.
B) 100 to 135 mL/min/1.73 m²
C) 90 to 120 mL/min/1.73 m²
D) 130 to 140 mL/min/1.73 m²

Question 63

What anatomy is indicated by letter C in the image below?

A) Left kidney
B) Right kidney
C) Right renal pelvis
D) Left renal pelvis

Question 64

During venipuncture,how far above the site of the puncture is the tourniquet placed?

A) 2 inches
B) 4 to 7 inches
C) 5 inches
D) 6 to 8 inches

Question 65

What is the projection and procedure demonstrated in this image?

A) AP,IVU
B) AP,cystogram
C) PA,retrogram urogram
D) AP oblique,IVU

Question 66

The urinary system includes which two of the following? (Select all that apply.)

A) Suprarenal glands
B) Prostate
C) Urethra
D) Kidneys

Question 67

A severe reaction to a medication or contrast medium would be:

A) itching.
B) sneezing.
C) vomiting.
D) anaphylactic reaction.

Question 68

A GFR of 90 mL or below is an indication of:

A) normal renal function.
B) normal liver function.
C) liver dysfunction.
D) renal dysfunction.

Question 69

Two common reactions to contrast media include: (Select all that apply.)

A) warmth.
B) anaphylactic reaction.
C) flushing.
D) seizures.

Question 70

After the needle enters the skin during venipuncture,the angle of the needle is reduced how many degrees to the long axis of the vessel?

A) 5 degrees
B) 10 degrees
C) 15 degrees
D) 20 degrees

Question 71

What anatomy is labeled with the letter A shown in the image from an IVU examination below?

A) Left ureter
B) Right ureter
C) Left renal pelvis
D) Right renal pelvis

Question 72

A mild reaction to a medication or contrast medium would be:

A) nausea.
B) itching.
C) warmth.
D) vomiting.

Question 73

What vein,often used for venipuncture,is labeled with the arrow in the diagram below?

A) Basilic vein
B) Cephalic vein
C) Radial vein
D) Median cubital vein

Question 74

Letter B shown in the image from an IVU examination below labels the:

A) right renal pelvis.
B) right ureter.
C) urinary bladder.
D) symphysis pubis.

Question 75

A normal creatinine level is _____ mg/100 mL.

A) 0.5 to 1.2
B) 1.0 to 1.5
C) 1.2 to 1.7
D) 2.0 to 2.5

Question 76

What is the angle of the needle to the skin's surface during venipuncture?

A) 15 degrees
B) 30 degrees
C) 45 degrees
D) 55 degrees

Question 77

When blood or the medication injected into a vessel leaks out,it is called:

A) infiltration.
B) extraversion.
C) infusion.
D) angiitis.

Question 78

A calculation that uses the creatinine level,age,race,gender,and body size,and is the best overall indicator of kidney function is:

A) glomerular filtration rate.
B) blood urea nitrogen level.
C) creatine-plus rate.
D) kidney function indicator.

Question 79

The most common cause of contrast medium leaking out of a vessel and infiltrating the surrounding tissues is:

A) needle displacement.
B) disease processes/pathology.
C) using a needle that is too large.
D) pulling the needle out too fast.

Question 80

A moderate reaction to a medication or contrast medium would be:

A) warmth.
B) vomiting.
C) sneezing.
D) anaphylactic reaction.