Deck 4: Attitudes,emotions,and Ethics

Question 1

Which statement best reflects the relationship between job satisfaction and absenteeism?

A) Job dissatisfaction and absenteeism are not related.
B) Job dissatisfaction and absenteeism are negatively correlated.
C) Job satisfaction and absenteeism are positively related.
D) Job dissatisfaction is positively related to absenteeism.

Answer 1

D

Question 2

An individual holds a negative attitude toward women in management because of a cultural belief system,but does not reflect behaviour consistent with that attitude when in a group.What most likely explains the weak link between the attitude and the behaviour in this example?

A) social constraints
B) low self-monitoring
C) poor measurement timing
D) low attitude relevance

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Tula believes she should always tell the truth to customers about products; however,her employer wants her to inform customers of only the positive aspects.What is she experiencing?

A) decline in job satisfaction and job behaviour
B) lack of person-job satisfaction fit
C) lack of person-organization fit
D) decline in organizational citizenship behaviour

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Which of the following best exemplifies the behavioural component of an attitude?

A) observation
B) attitude scales
C) physiological indicators
D) clinical testing

Question 5

Zachary adopts attitudes that his brothers,sisters,parents,and friends often reinforce or agree with.What type of influence is shaping Zachary?

A) direct
B) in parallel
C) indirect
D) reciprocal

Question 6

What does JDI measure as compared to MSQ?

A) JDI measures job satisfaction while MSQ measures job performance.
B) Both measure job satisfaction.
C) JDI measures work attitude while MSQ measures job satisfaction.
D) JDI measures job performance while MSQ measures job satisfaction.

Question 7

You are a supervisor who strongly believes in keeping an open line of communication with your employees; you always keep your office door open and instruct your assistant not to screen phone calls from employees.What do these conditions illustrate?

A) lack of connection between attitudes and appropriate behaviour
B) attitude specificity
C) non-compliance with social constraints
D) cognitive dissonance

Question 8

What is a pleasurable or positive emotional state resulting from the appraisal of one's job or job experiences?

A) job satisfaction
B) job morale
C) job involvement
D) loyalty

Question 9

Attitudes are learned.What are two major influences?

A) repeated behaviour and affect
B) direct experience and social learning
C) random behaviour modelling and unconscious motivation
D) cognitive dissonance and negative affectivity

Question 10

What psychological tendency is an example of degrees of favour or disfavour?

A) mood
B) beliefs
C) values
D) attitude

Question 11

Mabel receives a bonus when she meets her sales targets.What will likely happen as a result?

A) She will skip work when she receives her bonus.
B) She will perform better.
C) She will seek higher rewards.
D) Her performance will decrease in the future.

Question 12

What may develop when one's attitudes and required job behaviour conflict?

A) affect
B) cognitive dissonance
C) behavioural tendency
D) attitude consonance

Question 13

Job satisfaction encourages organizational citizenship behaviour.What is an example of this behaviour?

A) a tendency to exhibit strong ethical behaviour within the organization
B) a tendency to express dissatisfaction to others
C) a tendency to help out others
D) a tendency to complain about the organization

Question 14

According to the textbook,why did Yahoo CEO Terry Semel lose his job?

A) increasing employee theft
B) declining profit
C) low morale
D) increasing employee absenteeism

Question 15

What are the components of attitudes?

A) behavioural,affective,and interactive
B) cognitive,behavioural,and affective
C) cognitive,interactive,and behavioural
D) personal,cognitive,and behavioural

Question 16

Suppose a salesperson is required to sell a damaged DVD player but believes this act to be unethical.What is the salesperson experiencing?

A) the embarrassment of cognitive dissonance
B) the euphoria of cognitive dissonance
C) the tension of cognitive dissonance
D) a moral conflict

Question 17

Emma states to her friend after class,"I hate math." What is influencing Emma's attitude towards math?

A) understanding
B) information and experience
C) evaluation
D) direct experience

Question 18

A manager asks an employee if she would use a new computer software package.What is the manager attempting to determine?

A) behavioural intention
B) affect
C) dissonance reduction
D) cognition

Question 19

Why are attitudes derived from direct experience so powerful?

A) They are accessible through the left part of the brain,which is more intuitive.
B) They are easily accessed and are active in our cognitive processes.
C) They are easily accessed but are inactive in our cognitive processes.
D) They become a heuristic to assist in decision-making.

Question 20

In what circumstance are job satisfaction and employee performance likely to be positively related?

A) when pay is linked to attendance
B) when non-participative techniques are used
C) when valued rewards are tied directly to performance
D) when employee turnover is high

Question 21

According to your text book,which statement best reflects the findings reported on OCBs in relation to coworkers' behaviours?

A) The choice of a coworker to perform OCBs was related to other close coworkers' reciprocal behaviour.
B) Good deeds are not likely to be contagious due to variation in whether individuals are high or low OCBs.
C) If a close coworker chose to perform OCBs,other close coworkers were more likely to do so.
D) The impact of one worker's OCBs cannot be spread throughout an entire department.

Question 22

Japanese workers display complete loyalty to their employers.Canadian workers value family and personal loyalties.What is significant to Korean workers?

A) loyalty to one's occupation or profession
B) loyalty to the labour union
C) loyalty to the person for whom one works
D) loyalty from customers

Question 23

What are the three major source characteristics affecting persuasion?

A) expertise,credibility,and charisma
B) expertise,charisma,and attractiveness
C) expertise,trustworthiness,and attractiveness
D) credibility,charisma,and attractiveness

Question 24

Which statement is an example of the elaboration likelihood model of persuasion?

A) Persuasion occurs over the routes of message,target,and source characteristics.
B) The likelihood that an attitude will change is largely dependent on the amount of time spent attempting to change the attitude.
C) Attitudinal change is a function of three interactive routes: physical,mental,and visual.
D) Persuasion occurs through two routes: the central and the peripheral.

Question 25

Demi demonstrates short-lived,intense reactions when things go wrong at work.What is occurring?

A) Demi is experiencing emotional behaviour.
B) Demi is persuading.
C) Demi displays her emotions.
D) Demi is experiencing organizational citizenship behaviour.

Question 26

Which statement best exemplifies the relationship between job satisfaction and organizational performance?

A) Companies with satisfied workers have better performance.
B) It does not exist.
C) It is similar to that between job satisfaction and individual performance.
D) It has not been investigated.

Question 27

What are enduring beliefs that a particular behaviour or end state of existence is preferred?

A) message
B) values
C) ethic
D) attitude

Question 28

What is one possible difference between Japanese and Canadian students?

A) emotional display rules
B) locus of control
C) Machiavellianism
D) value system

Question 29

The authors of your text would be considered a persuasive source for attempts to change employee attitudes about the benefits of employee empowerment.What is most commonly the cause of their persuasive ability?

A) their age
B) their trustworthiness
C) their writing skills
D) their expertise

Question 30

What is the term for the strength of an individual's identification with an organization?

A) behavioural commitment
B) normative commitment
C) organizational commitment
D) continuance commitment

Question 31

What is the relationship between the two major cognitive routes to persuasion?

A) Persuasion occurs through central and peripheral routes.
B) Persuasion occurs through direct and peripheral routes.
C) Persuasion occurs through central and circular routes.
D) Persuasion occurs through direct and central routes.

Question 32

Employees of an airline attend work during a blizzard even though travel is as treacherous for them as for the airline's customers.What is the term for this behaviour?

A) continuance commitment
B) affective commitment
C) organizational citizenship
D) organizational involvement

Question 33

Suppose an employee remains with a firm because he or she faces significant exit barriers.What characterizes this situation?

A) organizational citizenship
B) continuance commitment
C) withdrawal syndrome
D) dysfunctional attachment

Question 34

Desirelee wants to remain with the organization due to her strong alignment with the organizational goals.What type of commitment is she demonstrating?

A) normative
B) attitudinal
C) affective
D) intentional

Question 35

The CEO knows the way she treats her employees during the layoff is critical.Why does she feel this way?

A) Less value is placed on autonomy,independence,and achievement.
B) Moving the laid off employees out of the company quickly will reduce dialogue with remaining employees.
C) There will be greater intrinsic satisfaction.
D) Preserving the dignity of employees will reduce the likelihood of employees initiating a claim against the company.

Question 36

What two major factors influence ethical behaviour?

A) individual characteristics and organizational factors
B) religion and value system
C) terminal and instrumental values
D) level of ethical reasoning and intelligence

Question 37

When is employee loyalty toward the organization a significant factor?

A) continuance commitment
B) affective commitment
C) job displacement
D) employee turnover

Question 38

Which statement best describes work values?

A) They describe an employee's perception of loyalty in the workplace.
B) They are an employee's perception of their value in the workplace.
C) They affect an employee's perception of their individual values.
D) They influence an employee's perception of right and wrong in the workplace.

Question 39

What is the term for counterproductive behaviour that violates organizational norms and causes harm to others in the organization?

A) MSQ
B) OCB
C) JDI
D) WDB

Question 40

What characteristics affect the persuasion process?

A) source,intended,and directed
B) source,intended,and message
C) source,target,and message
D) source,directed,and message

Question 41

Which statement best exemplifies the concept of locus of control?

A) Individuals with an internal locus of control tend to make more ethical decisions than others.
B) Individuals with an internal locus of control are more likely to exhibit uncontrollable behaviour.
C) Other people control individuals who have a strong internal locus of control.
D) An individual's locus of control has little to do with ethical behaviour.

Question 42

Social constraints affect the relationship between attitudes and behaviour.

Question 43

Substantial social learning occurs through cognitive dissonance.

Question 44

Employees building homes for Habitat for Humanity is an example of corporate social responsibility.

Question 45

Which statement best summarizes a high-Mach individual?

A) She operates from the notion that is better to be loved than feared with an optimistic view towards other people.
B) She operates from the notion that it is better to be feared than loved with a cynical view towards other people.
C) She operates from the notion that is better to be feared than loved with an optimistic view towards other people.
D) She operates from the notion that the desired ends do not justify the means.

Question 46

Persuasion is more successful when messages are framed with the same emotion as that felt by the receiver.

Question 47

Which of the following is an example of a high-Mach individual?

A) He is easily manipulated by others.
B) He accepts authority better than a low-Mach individual.
C) He exhibits very strong corporate loyalty.
D) He believes that any means justify the desired ends.

Question 48

Dora is willing to do whatever it takes to get her own way at work.What concept is behind her actions?

A) strong in external locus of control
B) self-cognition
C) low in cognitive moral development
D) Machiavellian

Question 49

Which of the following is an example of an internal locus of control?

A) Farid made a mistake and acknowledged this to his colleagues.
B) Farid made a mistake and said it was due to his supervisor not providing the proper instructions.
C) Farid believes that fate affects the outcome of his tasks.
D) Farid believes that he must do what other employees do.

Question 50

More educated workers are more likely to emphasize the extrinsic part of the job.

Question 51

Employee absenteeism and job satisfaction are positively related.

Question 52

Behaviour that is considered above and beyond the call of duty on behalf of the organization is known as organizational citizenship.

Question 53

According to the text,in a study conducted by the Ethics Resource Center,what proportion of the responding employees said they had witnessed ethical misconduct in the past year?

A) one-quarter
B) one-third
C) one-half
D) all

Question 54

Affect is the cognitive component of an attitude.

Question 55

The longer the time between measuring an attitude and observing behaviour,the weaker the relationship of an attitude with observed behaviour.

Question 56

The greater the attitude specificity,the stronger an attitude linkage to behaviour.

Question 57

As long as a corporate executive stays within the law,he or she is ethical.

Question 58

What do low-Mach individuals most value?

A) emotional detachment
B) loyalty and personal relationships
C) the "get it done anyway" mentality
D) manipulation of others

Question 59

The acronym ABC in the ABC model stands for attitude,behavioural intention,and commitment.

Question 60

Cognitive dissonance is the tension produced when there is a conflict between attitudes and behaviour.

Question 61

What aspects of one's existence and environment shape attitudes?

Question 62

Match the following:
a.The emotional component of an attitude
b.Reflects a person's perceptions and beliefs
c.A conflict between attitudes and behaviour
d.Acquisition of attitudes through observing others
e.Powerful influence on our attitudes
Direct Experience

Question 63

Match the following:
a.The emotional component of an attitude
b.Reflects a person's perceptions and beliefs
c.A conflict between attitudes and behaviour
d.Acquisition of attitudes through observing others
e.Powerful influence on our attitudes
Modelling

Question 64

Match the following:
a.The emotional component of an attitude
b.Reflects a person's perceptions and beliefs
c.A conflict between attitudes and behaviour
d.Acquisition of attitudes through observing others
e.Powerful influence on our attitudes
Affect

Question 65

Match the following:
a.A good feeling about one's job and work
b.An instrument using five-point scales for measuring job satisfaction
c.An employee's intention to remain as an organizational member because of a strong desire to do so
d.A source characteristic of a message
e.Involves direct cognitive processing of a message's content
MSQ

Question 66

High-Machs exhibit an external locus of control.

Question 67

Match the following:
a.A good feeling about one's job and work
b.An instrument using five-point scales for measuring job satisfaction
c.An employee's intention to remain as an organizational member because of a strong desire to do so
d.A source characteristic of a message
e.Involves direct cognitive processing of a message's content
Central Route

Question 68

Match the following:
a.Direct cognitive processing of the message's content
b.Perceived obligation to remain with an organization
c.The individual is not motivated to pay much attention to the message's content
d.Identification with an organization
e.Desire to remain in an organization
Normative Commitment

Question 69

Match the following:
a.A good feeling about one's job and work
b.An instrument using five-point scales for measuring job satisfaction
c.An employee's intention to remain as an organizational member because of a strong desire to do so
d.A source characteristic of a message
e.Involves direct cognitive processing of a message's content
Expertise

Question 70

Match the following:
a.A good feeling about one's job and work
b.An instrument using five-point scales for measuring job satisfaction
c.An employee's intention to remain as an organizational member because of a strong desire to do so
d.A source characteristic of a message
e.Involves direct cognitive processing of a message's content
Job Satisfaction

Question 71

Match the following:
a.The emotional component of an attitude
b.Reflects a person's perceptions and beliefs
c.A conflict between attitudes and behaviour
d.Acquisition of attitudes through observing others
e.Powerful influence on our attitudes
Cognition

Question 72

Match the following:
a.The emotional component of an attitude
b.Reflects a person's perceptions and beliefs
c.A conflict between attitudes and behaviour
d.Acquisition of attitudes through observing others
e.Powerful influence on our attitudes
Cognitive Dissonance

Question 73

Briefly discuss the relationship between job satisfaction and performance.Are satisfied workers more productive or are productive workers more satisfied?

Question 74

Match the following:
a.Direct cognitive processing of the message's content
b.Perceived obligation to remain with an organization
c.The individual is not motivated to pay much attention to the message's content
d.Identification with an organization
e.Desire to remain in an organization
Organizational Commitment

Question 75

Identify several work attitudes and indicate the importance of positive work attitudes.

Question 76

Match the following:
a.A good feeling about one's job and work
b.An instrument using five-point scales for measuring job satisfaction
c.An employee's intention to remain as an organizational member because of a strong desire to do so
d.A source characteristic of a message
e.Involves direct cognitive processing of a message's content
Affective Commitment

Question 77

Match the following:
a.Direct cognitive processing of the message's content
b.Perceived obligation to remain with an organization
c.The individual is not motivated to pay much attention to the message's content
d.Identification with an organization
e.Desire to remain in an organization
Central Route

Question 78

Briefly explain the ABC model and provide an example of each model element.

Question 79

Match the following:
a.Direct cognitive processing of the message's content
b.Perceived obligation to remain with an organization
c.The individual is not motivated to pay much attention to the message's content
d.Identification with an organization
e.Desire to remain in an organization
Affective Commitment

Question 80

Match the following:
a.Direct cognitive processing of the message's content
b.Perceived obligation to remain with an organization
c.The individual is not motivated to pay much attention to the message's content
d.Identification with an organization
e.Desire to remain in an organization
Peripheral Route