Deck 24: Rural and Migrant Health

Question 1

Which statement best describes how working on a farm is different from working in a factory?

A)Factories have more dangerous dust than farming dust
B)Farm chemicals are more immediately fatal than most industrial chemicals
C)The worksite and the home are the same
D)Workers on farms,unlike those in factories,can bring dangerous substances home on their clothing,which expose their families.

Answer 1

The worksite and the home are the same

Question 2

A woman stumbled into the rural health clinic and explained that she had an incredible headache.She was sweating and began vomiting into the wastebasket by the intake nurse's desk.Which diagnosis should be anticipated by the nurse?

A)Acute adult panic disorder
B)Acute alcohol intoxication
C)Acute appendicitis
D)Acute meningitis
E)Acute pesticide poisoning

Answer 2

Acute pesticide poisoning

Question 3

Which best explains why there are so few hospitals in rural areas?

A)Few nurses and physicians enjoy the rural lifestyle
B)Historically,hospitals began in large urban areas and have slowly expanded outward but have not yet reached all rural areas
C)Rural areas have very low population density
D)Rural residents do not trust hospitals,preferring to receive care from neighbors and friends.

Answer 3

Rural areas have very low population density

Question 4

Which employment opportunities are among the most dangerous?

A)Food processing,textiles,and transportation
B)Highway construction,ranching,and public utilities
C)Large mechanized factory positions
D)Mining,forestry,and fishing

Question 5

Which statement best describes how firearm injuries are different in rural areas as compared with urban areas?

A)In rural areas,firearm deaths occur more frequently because of purposeful,rather than accidental,shooting
B)In rural areas,firearm injuries occur more frequently in the home
C)In rural areas,firearm injuries occur more frequently during official hunting season,whereas the frequency does not vary in urban areas
D)In rural areas,firearm injuries are more frequently fatal than in urban areas.

Question 6

A nurse is explaining why migrant farmworkers experience cultural barriers when trying to receive care.Which would the nurse include in this explanation?

A)"As illegal immigrants,they are not eligible for tax-paid health care."
B)"Families who travel in isolation seeking agricultural work do not mix with their employers or other members of the community."
C)"Mexicans who speak primarily Spanish and cannot understand English."
D)"Usually perceived as outsiders,they are from many countries and cultures."

Question 7

A public health nurse is working in a rural clinic.On the basis of risk,which would be the priority group for care?

A)African American adults
B)Adolescents
C)Elderly women who live alone
D)Migrant and seasonal farmworkers (MSFW)

Question 8

Which describes what has been identified by public health experts as the number one priority in rural areas?

A)Access to health care
B)Access to education
C)Access to telecommunications
D)Access to better-paying employment opportunities

Question 9

Which group is the fastest-growing component of the rural population?

A)Disabled adults
B)Elderly women
C)Hispanic children
D)Retirees

Question 10

Which fact is noteworthy about adolescent males who are driving without a license in the countryside?

A)Most had driver's education classes but have not yet earned the money to pay for their driver's license test
B)Most were Hispanic or black from a rural area
C)Most were practiced in driving large farm machinery and were just going from one section of the farm to another section
D)Most were practicing their driving skills with their parent in the car.

Question 11

As a concerned citizen and professional,a nurse encourages the local senators and representatives to support expansion of health clinics for the poverty stricken.Which location is in most desperate need?

A)Rural areas where migrant and seasonal farmworkers (MSFW)labor
B)Inner city poverty-stricken neighborhoods
C)Near elderly low-income housing units
D)Inside high schools in poverty-stricken neighborhoods

Question 12

Which is the most frequent cause of farm fatalities and nonfatal injuries?

A)Manure pits (methane poison)
B)Power take-off augers
C)Storage silos
D)Tractors
E)Very old and barely functioning trucks

Question 13

Which is particularly prevalent in rural areas (more so than in urban areas)of the South?

A)Falls and motor vehicle accidents
B)Less use of seatbelts and more drinking of alcohol
C)Obesity and sedentary lifestyle
D)Suicide and homicide

Question 14

Which compositional factor influences rural health needs?

A)Demographics of the people living in an area
B)Local environment
C)The geography of the area
D)The political and social institutions in the community

Question 15

Which best describes the purpose of the core-based statistical areas (CBSA)system?

A)To reflect trends in population distribution across the county
B)To differentiate between urban and metropolitan areas
C)To emphasize the importance of noncare areas
D)To report the demographic characteristics of those living in the area

Question 16

Which best explains why companies do not build work places in rural areas where people are anxious to find full-time employment?

A)Employers need highly educated and skilled employees
B)Managers do not want to be transferred into a rural area where they will not fit in and will not be comfortable
C)Rural persons do not work as hard as urban dwellers
D)Smells emanating from farms are unacceptable to persons working inside.

Question 17

From which causes are rural residents twice as likely to die from in comparison with urban residents?

A)Chronic diseases,especially cardiac problems and cancers
B)Diabetes from the higher incidence of obesity
C)Respiratory diseases (from pesticides and herbicides)
D)Unintentional injuries

Question 18

Which best describes the recent population trend in rural America?

A)The number of residents in rural areas of the United States is at one of its lowest levels ever recorded
B)Urban population rates increased from 2010 to 2015 as agricultural opportunities diminished
C)Nonmetro population rates have been steadily increasing because of increasing job growth
D)Population growth or loss in rural areas varies widely depending on available economic opportunities.

Question 19

Which would be true for a county to be defined as having persistent poverty?

A)Being in poverty over the last 10 years
B)Being in poverty over the last 20 years
C)Being in poverty over the last 25 years
D)Being in poverty over the last 30 years

Question 20

Which factor would cause a geographic area to be called a frontier area?

A)Arbitrary distinction recognizing the Great Plains,Intermountain areas,and Alaska
B)Geographically located in the West,specifically the Great Plains states
C)High death rate from use of guns (homicide or suicide)
D)Population of fewer than six persons per square mile

Question 21

Which best describes how the federal government tries to both encourage and support rural health clinics under the Community Health Centers (CHC)program?

A)Allowing tax deductions for charitable contributions to rural health clinics (RHCs)
B)Donating equipment and supplies to establish such clinics
C)Reimbursing both Medicare and Medicaid at a higher rate than otherwise
D)Requiring recipients to serve in a rural health clinic for 3 years in exchange for financial assistance while in school

Question 22

Which best describes how Migrant Health Clinics (MHCs)under the Migrant Health Program are often different from other clinics?

A)Care is restricted to those who can document that they are employed in agriculture
B)They are much better funded than typical rural clinics
C)Staff are typically bilingual and bicultural
D)They welcome illegal immigrants to receive care.

Question 23

In comparison with mental health care in urban areas,which best describes how mental health care in rural areas differs? (Select all that apply.)

A)Access to care is more limited or not available at all locally
B)Cost for treatment is typically reimbursed at a lower rate
C)Depression is frequently not recognized or is not treated
D)Ethnic and racial disparities exist
E)Primary health care professionals accept responsibility for mental health treatment
F)The suicide rate is notably higher.

Question 24

Which best describes why there are more long-term consequences (such as death)to a driver injured in a truck accident in a rural area than a driver injured in a truck accident in an urban area? (Select all that apply.)

A)Rural drivers are more likely to speed over long distances than urban drivers
B)Rural drivers are not as skilled with vehicles as urban drivers,so they are more severely injured in a crash
C)The urban driver is taken immediately for care,whereas the rural driver might be injured on an isolated field and not found by anyone for hours
D)Urban drivers are more likely to use their seat belts than rural drivers
E)Urban drivers are probably rushed to an emergency department,whereas the rural driver lives far away from emergency services,often over bad roads and possibly through severe weather
F)Urban drivers trade their vehicles in rather frequently,whereas rural drivers keep their vehicles for as long as they can make them run,so the vehicles are much less roadworthy.

Question 25

Which factors result in rural residents having less access to health care than urban dwellers? (Select all that apply.)

A)Employment opportunities may be low paying and seasonal
B)There are greater distances to travel and limited choice of health care providers
C)Health care providers prefer to work in higher-paying urban settings
D)Rural residents are less likely to have health insurance
E)Rural persons' economic resources are tied up in land,not easily accessible cash
F)Rural persons believe in self-sufficiency and self-care,not asking others for help.

Question 26

Which do expert rural nurses report as benefits of their work? (Select all that apply.)

A)Ability to develop close relationships and give holistic care
B)Being able to practice in the community where one lives
C)Constant challenges
D)Continual growth as an expert generalist
E)Higher salary than in urban areas
F)Intensity of purpose

Question 27

Which best describes a proposed strategy to address the lack of health care professionals in rural communities?

A)Advertise that there are more men than women in many rural areas to attract female nurses who want to be wives and mothers
B)Offer free housing and office space to a professional who will come to live in the community
C)Pay extremely high salaries to professionals willing to relocate
D)Support local students obtaining an education while continuing to live at home

Question 28

A nurse was trying to decrease the amount of respiratory illness in the community.Which approach should be used by the nurse?

A)Attend each farmworkers' meeting and listen to how they perceive and discuss their problems
B)Offer to teach the farmers' spouses how to protect their families,such as having the farmer shower and change clothes before coming into the house
C)Suggest the community work together to obtain a community college so farmworkers could be educated for other employment opportunities
D)Teach children in the school system the importance of seeking employment in cities rather than staying on the farm

Question 29

A nurse saw there was a need for a hospice facility in a rural area,because so many of the residents were quite elderly and death was common.Which best explains why the community would not immediately see the wisdom of the nurse's suggestion?

A)Change is always difficult; the nurse just needs to keep reinforcing the need for such a facility
B)The nurse did not tell residents how much their taxes would need to go up to support such a facility
C)Residents were fearful of confronting death in such an open way
D)Rural residents prefer to use their informal social support networks when help is needed.

Question 30

Which best describes why for-profit managed care organizations (MCOs)have not begun to move into rural areas to increase the number of persons served? (Select all that apply.)

A)High startup and administrative costs are needed
B)A large number of elderly are on Medicare or Medicaid,which results in low reimbursement
C)Managed care has not yet had time to go beyond major population centers
D)MCOs are waiting until federal reimbursements for underserved rural health areas become higher
E)The population is too small and too spread out
F)Rural health areas are too geographically unattractive and lack any recreational possibilities for managers to want to work there.

Question 31

A nurse has written a research proposal studying how technology can be used in innovative ways in rural areas to improve patient outcomes.Which should the nurse contact about funding opportunities? (Select all that apply.)

A)Research Centers Program
B)Health and Human Services Department (HHS)
C)Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA)
D)Federal Office of Rural Health Policy
E)Rural Health Research Gateway
F)The Center for Rural Health at a local university

Question 32

Which difference is found in parish nursing in a rural area as opposed to parish nursing in an urban area?

A)Rural parish nurses are less likely to be involved in case management or care coordination than their urban counterparts
B)Rural residents are more grateful for the nurse's assistance because there are so few health resources in rural areas
C)Rural residents are typically less committed to traditional values or a strong religious faith
D)Rural residents may discuss health concerns with the nurse wherever they meet,whether in church or the local market.

Question 33

A nurse was becoming very frustrated at the ongoing stream of farmworkers with respiratory problems each spring.Which action should be taken by the nurse?

A)Provide community education on herbicides and other chemicals spread each spring with information on self-protective measures,such as respirators
B)Fight to get farmers to quit spreading chemicals on their fields each spring
C)Suggest that farmers spray water on the fields immediately after the chemicals are spread to reduce dust in the air
D)Tell farm workers to obtain different employment
E)Try to get farmers to reduce the amount of chemicals used on their fields.

Question 34

Which would most likely to be provided by a local health department in a rural community?

A)Collaborating with local health clinics to provide outreach services
B)Funding a local research project
C)Establishing the poverty guidelines for the area
D)Building a free-standing migrant health clinic