Deck 10: Leaders and Leadership

Question 1

Contingency models of leadership take into account the context within which the manager acts.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

The ability of a leader to get others to act in certain ways is known as that leader's

A)power.
B)initiating structure.
C)philosophy.
D)task orientation.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Omar works for a distribution center. He has been a receiving department shift supervisor for four years. Today, he started a new position as shift supervisor for all departments. Omar is the same person he was yesterday and has the same style and approach to his job, but he now has the ability to make much larger purchases, to hire and fire people, and to move resources among departments. Omar's new powers are examples of ________ power.

A)coercive
B)legitimate
C)reward
D)referent

Answer 3

B

Question 4

The specific ways in which a manager chooses to influence others is known as

A)legitimate power.
B)personal leadership style.
C)reward power.
D)expert power.

Question 5

George travels to China to learn about plastic injection molding techniques in a factory partnering with his factory in Kentucky. When he gets to the Chinese factory, he is surprised to see workers focusing much more on group goals rather than meeting their individual production rates. What George is witnessing is a(n)________ culture.

A)collectivistic
B)individualistic
C)nurturing
D)low uncertainty avoidance

Question 6

When leaders show their subordinates that they trust and respect them, they are trying to initiate structure.

Question 7

Subordinates trying to resist the influence of female managers more than male managers is one of the reasons for female managers being more directive.

Question 8

Alaina is an associate director in a medical research facility. Alaina goes out of her way to help her employees, especially if she knows they are going through a rough time in their personal life. She always shows a strong desire to help and work for the benefit of others. Alaina's style of leading is ________ leadership.

A)personal
B)professional
C)effective
D)servant

Question 9

Because Alyce is a department manager, she has reward power. As a result of this power, she

A)is able to give pay raises.
B)is an expert in the eyes of her subordinates.
C)can give verbal reprimands.
D)provides technical expertise to her subordinates.

Question 10

Effective leaders and managers perform both initiating structure and consideration leader behaviors.

Question 11

Mick, the divisional manager at Howard Aeronautics, has to consult with Lucas when it comes to the hiring procedures of the company because Lucas is a senior human resources manager. Lucas enjoys the privileges of ________ power.

A)reward
B)referent
C)legitimate
D)coercive

Question 12

Emotional intelligence in a leader encourages followers to be creative because the followers are more likely to take risks.

Question 13

When transformational leadership occurs, subordinates trust the managers, are highly motivated, and help the organization achieve its goals.

Question 14

Choice of job assignment to a subordinate is a part of a tangible reward.

Question 15

Transformational leaders do not engage in transactional leadership.

Question 16

The ability of a manager to give outcomes to or withhold outcomes from subordinates is known as ________ power.

A)legitimate
B)reward
C)expert
D)referent

Question 17

The process by which one person exerts influence over others and inspires, motivates, and directs their activities is known as ________.

A)empowerment
B)time management
C)leadership
D)change management

Question 18

The authority that a manager has based on the manager's position in the organization's hierarchy is known as expert power.

Question 19

According to Robert House, the path-goal theory focuses on what a leader can do to motivate subordinates to achieve organizational goals.

Question 20

The person who inspires, motivates, and directs the activities of others so that they work toward organizational goals is known as a

A)follower.
B)leadership substitute.
C)coercive leader.
D)leader.

Question 21

A production supervisor delegates to production workers the responsibility to schedule their own work activities depending on the job requirements on the daily schedule. This situation is an example of

A)initiating structure.
B)empowerment.
C)an unfavorable leadership situation.
D)participation.

Question 22

The premise that effective leaders possess personal qualities that set them apart from ineffective leaders is based on the ________ model.

A)task-oriented
B)path-goal
C)contingency
D)trait

Question 23

Aklilu oversees the contract department at a major university. He has noticed that he spends much of his time checking over his subordinates' work and authorizing them to submit contracts. Oftentimes, since the contracts are specialized by academic department and external agency, his employees have to explain to him what he is signing or authorizing. What should Aklilu do to improve efficiency and reduce the time he and his employees spend on these tasks? The process of giving all employees the authority to make decisions and be responsible for their outcomes is known as ________.

A)hire another manager to help him watch his team more closely
B)implement harsher punishments whenever a typo or other mistake occurs in a contract
C)give his employees the authority to make more contract-related decisions themselves
D)restrict his employees' ability to make wording decisions so he can reduce errors

Question 24

Juan just hired his friend, Warren, to manage a team of union welders in an automotive factory. Juan worked with Warren before in a small, privately-owned welding shop. In the welding shop, Warren was the first shift superintendent, where he modestly demonstrated that he knew more about welding than anyone in the region, and he always came up with brilliant solutions. Warren knew his ideas were good, he owned up to his mistakes when he made them, and his workers successfully followed his lead, making him the most productive leader the welding shop had ever employed. However, only a month after hiring his friend, Juan is disappointed to learn that Warren is failing as a manager in the automotive factory. Warren does his job the same way he always has, but he keeps failing to follow the complex bureaucratic procedures in the factory, he repeatedly breaks the agreement between management and the union, and his workers do not listen to him. Which of the following is most likely causing these issues?

A)Warren does not possess the traits of a good leader.
B)Warren's ability to lead depends upon the situation.
C)Warren does not know how to behave like a leader.
D)Warren's employees know more about welding than Warren does.

Question 25

Tilford Tractors gives assembly-line workers the authority to shut down the production line whenever they believe that there is a quality defect in the production process. In granting this authority to their workers, Tilford has implemented

A)empowerment.
B)relationship-oriented power.
C)consideration power.
D)referent power.

Question 26

Integrity and honesty help managers become effective leaders by helping them

A)understand complex issues and solve problems.
B)make good decisions and discover ways to increase efficiency and effectiveness.
C)deal with uncertainty and make difficult decisions.
D)behave ethically and earn their subordinates' trust and confidence.

Question 27

Debbie has been the marketing head at Perfect Finish Painters for the last seven years. Her marketing plans are well formulated and executed. Based on her knowledgeable and proficient background, many colleges in the region invite Debbie for a paper presentation on marketing. These invites stem from her ________ power.

A)coercive
B)empowerment
C)expert
D)consideration

Question 28

Freddy carved his first bow and arrow set when he was five years old. Since then, he has handcrafted bows that he has used to win world archery championships, and it is generally accepted that his bows perform better than any other bows on the market. Recently, he was hired as a production supervisor to help a small archery company design equipment. Given Freddy's background, what would be the best way for him to execute his leadership role?

A)punish workers who do not follow his instructions on carving
B)remind employees that he is one of the best, so he knows what he is saying
C)explain how different carving techniques work to help his workers create better products
D)ask employees how they would structure the bow-making process and strive to serve them

Question 29

The power of a leader that comes from the respect and loyalty of subordinates is known as ________ power.

A)reward
B)legitimate
C)coercive
D)referent

Question 30

Linda is a dentist at a large practice. Unlike some of the other dentists at her practice, she is constantly reading dental journals and actively participating in dental discussion forums. She also attends at least three training events per year. She is better informed than any of the other dentists in her practice, and everyone who works there knows it and seeks her out for advice. Linda has a high level of ________ power.

A)coercive
B)empowerment
C)expert
D)consideration

Question 31

Deanna manages a large department store, and as a result, she has the capacity to give the store's employees written warnings, reduce their work hours, or fire them if they do not perform adequately. This is an example of her ________ power.

A)coercive
B)legitimate
C)referent
D)expert

Question 32

A factory supervisor gives the responsibility to a production worker to reject any parts that that worker feels do not measure up to the required quality standards. This is an example of

A)transformation.
B)transaction.
C)empowerment.
D)directive leadership.

Question 33

Art has the leadership attribute of dominance, Barney has the attribute of honesty, Carlos has the attribute of maturity, and Devin has the attribute of stress tolerance. Erma is going to have to either restructure her coal gasification facility or close it down due to uncertainty in the energy market. According to the trait model, which of the four leaders mentioned above should she hire to lead her facility through the upcoming transition?

A)Art
B)Barney
C)Carlos
D)Devin

Question 34

Gretchen, a construction crew supervisor, uses her coercive power effectively to motivate employees. Because of her coercive power, Gretchen would be able to

A)fire a subordinate.
B)monitor her subordinates.
C)show respect for subordinates.
D)hire a subordinate.

Question 35

The process of giving all employees the authority to make decisions and be responsible for their outcomes is known as

A)coercion.
B)leadership.
C)empowerment.
D)delegation.

Question 36

The type of power that is based on the specialized knowledge and skills of the leader is ________ power.

A)legitimate
B)referent
C)expert
D)coercive

Question 37

Fiona scored extremely well on a variety of standardized tests, and her college grades were perfect. Ed, the human resources director for M-Solutions Group, said she aced all of his screening tests and was perhaps the most intelligent applicant he had ever encountered. Given what he currently knows about Fiona, Ed feels she would probably be most useful to M-Solutions in a position

A)that requires her to closely control the behavior of subordinates.
B)in a department that is going through a period of uncertainty.
C)developing solutions to complex problems.
D)that requires meeting many demand simultaneously.

Question 38

Because Marcia is the assistant manager at Wood Hill Liquors, she is able to give or withhold tangible rewards. Therefore, Marcia is able to

A)delegate choice job assignments.
B)give verbal praise.
C)give a pat on the back.
D)grant respect.

Question 39

Action Arena gives its booth supervisors the authority to decide when to give a free ticket for a future event to a customer who has been to a performance that ended early or that experienced technical difficulties at some point. This is an example of

A)facilitation.
B)empowerment.
C)bureaucracy.
D)charisma.

Question 40

Which attribute of leadership helps managers effectively influence subordinates and persist when faced with obstacles or difficulties?

A)dominance
B)honesty
C)maturity
D)self-confidence

Question 41

When a leader motivates subordinates to do a good job, the leader is engaging in

A)initiating structure.
B)expert power.
C)coercive power.
D)empowerment.

Question 42

Which of the following best describes relationship-oriented leaders?

A)Leaders whose primary concern is to develop good relationships with their subordinates and to be liked by them
B)leaders whose primary concerns are to ensure that subordinates perform at a high level and that tasks are completed fully
C)leaders whose primary concern is to develop a team that is better than the rest
D)leaders whose primary concerns are to ensure that teams work independently and constructively

Question 43

Fiedler used the term "leader style" to refer to

A)the manager's characteristic approach to leadership.
B)how clearly subordinates understand the task to be done.
C)the authority a leader has due to his or her position in the organization.
D)how well people like and trust their leader.

Question 44

Daniel is a line foreman in a metal fabricating plant. He often measures and inspects project as they are being built, and requires the workers to make changes or do things differently. Some employees like him, and some do not, but they all agree he makes sure every job gets done and gets done properly. Daniel is a ________ type of leader.

A)considerate
B)task-oriented
C)charismatic
D)relationship-oriented

Question 45

Which of the following takes into account the situation or context within which leadership occurs?

A)traits
B)contingency
C)empowerment
D)path-goal

Question 46

When a leader assigns work to a subordinate and makes sure that the work gets done acceptably, the leader is engaging in

A)empowerment.
B)initiating structure.
C)consideration.
D)relationship-oriented behavior.

Question 47

Pierre tries to get along with his subordinates and genuinely likes them and wants them to like him. Which type of leader is Pierre?

A)considerate
B)task-oriented
C)transformational
D)relationship-oriented

Question 48

What leadership attribute helps managers deal with the many demands they face?

A)dominance
B)self-confidence
C)maturity
D)high energy

Question 49

Emmanuel is the owner and manager of a tutoring company. He often lets his employees open the business when he has a busy morning, and he lets them record their own tutoring hours without verifying them because he trusts them fully. Emmanuel is practicing

A)initiating structure.
B)consideration.
C)coercion.
D)escalation of commitment.

Question 50

According to Fiedler, the extent to which subordinates trust and are loyal to their superior is known as ________ relations.

A)empowerment
B)task-oriented
C)leader-member
D)initiating structure

Question 51

The concept that the effectiveness of a leader depends on the situation that the leader faces is proposed by the ________ model of leadership theory.

A)trait
B)contingency
C)empowerment
D)path-goal

Question 52

Ginger is the hiring manager for Grounded Lines, an electrical wiring service. When she looks at the current state of the company, she sees that the employees and management do not have much mutual trust or respect, guidelines for performing jobs are very inconsistent and ambiguous, and the supervisors have little authority to make changes or take action. She feels that the situation is a mess, but she needs to hire a manager to oversee several teams of electricians. Which person should she hire to most effectively lead in this situation?

A)Abby, who is very charismatic, loves people, and wants to be liked
B)Bailey, who is very relaxed and is a "hands off" leader, letting workers do whatever they want
C)Amanda, who is very focused and concerns herself with completing each individual job properly
D)Lana, who is very quiet, likes group harmony, and strives to serve her subordinates

Question 53

Which of the following, according to Fiedler, is a characteristic that managers cannot change based on the situation?

A)knowledge
B)motivation
C)consideration
D)leadership

Question 54

Which of the following is displayed by managers who look out for their subordinates' well-being and see to it that they enjoy their work?

A)initiating structure
B)consideration behavior
C)empowerment
D)escalation of commitment

Question 55

Steve manages a non-profit that provides housing assistance for low-income families. Whenever things do not go as he had planned, he calls employees into this office, curses at them, beats on his table, and says they are making him look bad. The leadership trait Steve is lacking is

A)dominance.
B)honesty.
C)maturity.
D)tolerance for stress.

Question 56

Morgan manages a consumer loan center. Corporate has recently instituted new rules that have unintentionally doubled the workload on Morgan's employees. Morgan sees many of his people crying, sighing, and putting their heads down in frustration. Morgan knows he needs to help by using the most effective leadership style he can. In this situation, how should Morgan lead his employees?

A)He should assign tasks, set goals, and demonstrate how to do the tasks required for each job.
B)He should let the employees brainstorm to decide just how much work they should do.
C)He should set even more challenging goals and tell employees he is confident that they can do it.
D)He should let them know he understands their frustration, making sure they get help if they need it.

Question 57

Caring Touch, an assisted-living facility, conducts friendly competitions between teams and rewards them with bagels every Friday morning. The main purpose of these games is to promote togetherness in the organization. This effort by the management of Caring Touch best describes

A)initiating structure.
B)consideration.
C)empowerment.
D)task-structure.

Question 58

Which of the following refers to the amount of legitimate, reward, and coercive power that a leader has by virtue of his or her position in an organization?

A)leader style
B)task structure
C)position power
D)leader relations

Question 59

Fiedler uses the term "task structure" to refer to the

A)behavior indicating that a manager trusts, respects, and cares about subordinates.
B)extent to which the work of subordinates is clear so that they know what to do and how to do it.
C)amount of legitimate, reward, and coercive power that a leader has by virtue of his or her position.
D)extent to which followers like, trust, and are loyal to their leader.

Question 60

Avril is a middle manager in a business office. Avril was put into the leadership role with little guidance and no clear expectations, and she now leads a team that is notoriously difficult. Her employees have never liked any supervisor, and do not like her. Given her situation, Avril will likely be most successful if she is

A)task-oriented.
B)relationship-oriented.
C)participative.
D)autocratic.

Question 61

What type of leadership promotes trust in their leaders and the organizations?

A)transformational
B)charismatic
C)transactional
D)servant

Question 62

The type of leadership behavior that is similar to "initiating structure" of the behavior model is

A)consideration.
B)directive behavior.
C)supportive behavior.
D)participation.

Question 63

Madison's subordinates cannot seem to get their work done on time. Madison has spoken with them, and they say it is just impossible to complete everything that is asked of them. Madison knows they can do it, because she used to do the same job and once felt the same way before she figured it out. Madison should deal with the situation by using ________ behavior.

A)supportive
B)directive
C)participative
D)achievement-oriented

Question 64

Which of the following alerts managers that sometimes they do not need to exert influence over subordinates and thus can free up their time for other important activities?

A)Fiedler's contingency model
B)House's path-goal theory
C)the leader substitutes model
D)the leadership effectiveness theory

Question 65

Renzo is an enthusiastic leader who believes in his ideas. Renzo stops to explain to other workers how badly he wants the company to succeed and how great life will be for all of them when they carry out his ideas. Renzo is best described as a ________ leader.

A)transformational
B)charismatic
C)transactional
D)path-goal

Question 66

Arlene is the CEO of a dental products supplier. Each week she holds pep rallies where she runs into the room and cheers, telling the employees how their company will revolutionize dental care around the world and how great their mission is. What type of leader is Arlene?

A)transformational
B)charismatic
C)transactional
D)considerate

Question 67

Participative behavior is used to

A)allow subordinates to have a say in matters that concern them.
B)show subordinates how to complete tasks and take concrete steps to improve performance.
C)express concern for subordinates and look out for their best interests.
D)motivate subordinates to perform at the highest level possible.

Question 68

Angie oversees a sales call center for a mattress distributor. She motivates her subordinates primarily by giving them pay bonuses and longer breaks if they achieve high sales numbers, and by scheduling them for shifts they do not want to work and shortening their breaks if they achieve low sales. Angie is a ________ leader.

A)transformational
B)transactional
C)structured
D)considerate

Question 69

Skip heads an insurance company that he would like to move to a higher level of performance. Lately, his managers have been telling him that there are some issues with how policies are being marketed, mainly due to the way management has structured its procedures for creating policies. One of the managers asks Skip how they should deal with the employees in case they become aware of the problem. What should Skip tell him?

A)that this is a management problem and it does not concern the employees
B)to inform the workers of the situation and challenge them to help solve it
C)to acknowledge the problem exists, but withhold the details from employees
D)that the employees should be told they are at fault and need to fix it

Question 70

Bart, a construction crew leader, hires only carpenters that have the knowledge and skill to do all of his company's jobs with little or no instruction or direct supervision. Bart's hiring method serves as a type of

A)empowerment.
B)initiating structure.
C)consideration.
D)leadership substitute.

Question 71

When a manager shares information with subordinates in such a way that they become aware of problems and the need for change, and in turn, they take ownership and view problems as challenges, the manager has engaged in

A)initiating structure.
B)developmental consideration.
C)charisma.
D)intellectual stimulation.

Question 72

Antwon manages a sheet metal shop, and he constantly looks for classes for his employees to take, searches for online videos describing better fabricating methods he can share with his employees, and tries to promote from within the shop. Antwon is engaging in

A)initiating structure.
B)developmental consideration.
C)charisma.
D)intellectual stimulation.

Question 73

The contingency model that focuses on how managers motivate subordinates by identifying their desired outcomes, rewarding them for high performance, and the attainment of work goals with these desired outcomes is

A)the transformational leadership theory.
B)House's path-goal theory.
C)the leader substitutes model.
D)Fiedler's model.

Question 74

Path-goal theory is a contingency model because it proposes that the steps managers should take to motivate subordinates depend on

A)the nature of the subordinates and the type of work they do.
B)market and individual customer demands.
C)the supply costs and quality possible, based on the budget.
D)the task difficulty and expected task length.

Question 75

Curt lets his employees know when there is a problem so they can all work to fix it. Curt even discusses problems that are the company's fault and are typically withheld from employees. What type of manager is Curt?

A)transformational
B)charismatic
C)transactional
D)relationship-oriented

Question 76

Helena, the new CEO for SpiderCast, a manufacturer of netting and rope, anonymously walked through her main facility and heard some workers complaining about having to do a meaningless job. What is the best way for Helena to respond to what she heard?

A)punish the workers for not being team players
B)put the workers into more important positions
C)explain to the workers how their jobs are critical to the company's success
D)ignore the comments, realizing that most workers complain as a way to relieve stress

Question 77

The type of behavior that is similar to "consideration" of the behavior model is ________ behavior.

A)initiating
B)directive
C)supportive
D)participative

Question 78

Reece walks around to each office in his complex and explains to all of his employees how they are a crucial part of the company's overall success. Reece demonstrates ________ leadership.

A)consideration
B)empowerment
C)transformational
D)transactional

Question 79

Which of the following is a characteristic of a transformational manager?

A)holding subordinates to a structured methodology for task completion
B)engaging in developmental consideration of others
C)completing tasks without making major changes to organizational procedures
D)relying on reward and punishment as the primary means of motivation

Question 80

The leadership substitutes model suggests that under certain conditions managers do not have to play a leadership role

A)when employees may not be able to accept the company's management's philosophy.
B)when the company is facing large changes in personnel, and there is no way of determining which employees will remain.
C)because members of an organization sometimes can perform at a high level without a manager exerting influence over them.
D)because employees are not willing to accept changes and will continue to perform the same tasks regardless of management oversight.