Deck 13: Friends and Family

Question 1

Which term describes play in which children manipulate objects to produce or build something?

A)functional play
B)parallel play
C)cooperative play
D)constructive play

Answer 1

constructive play

Question 2

Adolescent membership in particular cliques and crowds is often determined by __________.

A)how geographically close the adolescents reside to one another
B)the gender of the adolescents
C)the degree of similarity between members of the group
D)the socioeconomic status of the members

Answer 2

the degree of similarity between members of the group

Question 3

What function do friendships serve during the middle childhood years?

A)Friendships provide a child with similar others who reinforce the child's racial identity.
B)Friendships provide physical support that helps the child develop fine motor skills.
C)Friendships provide a training ground for communicating and interacting with others.
D)Friendships provide a greater sense of security than relationships with parents.

Answer 3

Friendships provide a training ground for communicating and interacting with others.

Question 4

Three preschool children are working to complete puzzles,and they all take turns fitting in the pieces.This is an example of __________.

A)cooperative play
B)associative play
C)parallel play
D)functional play

Question 5

A controversial adolescent is conceptualized as one who is __________.

A)uniformly disliked by peers
B)liked by parents but disliked by peers
C)liked by some peers and disliked by others
D)neither liked nor disliked by a peer group

Question 6

When 4-year-old Amber uses blocks to build a playhouse,or puts a puzzle together,she is demonstrating __________.

A)functional play
B)parallel play
C)constructive play
D)associative play

Question 7

Preschoolers' peer relationships are based on __________.

A)exchanging care,protection,and direction
B)sharing intellectual stimulation and cognitive growth
C)building skills through competition
D)the desire for companionship,play,and fun

Question 8

Groups of 2 to 12 people whose members have frequent social interactions with one another are called __________.

A)peers
B)cliques
C)reference groups
D)cohorts

Question 9

Boys' play tends to come in bursts rather than in more extended,tranquil episodes,due in part to __________.

A)lack of social competence
B)boys' concern over maintaining a dominance hierarchy
C)lack of dominance hierarchy,leading to equal status of all group members
D)lack of social problem-solving skills

Question 10

Melissa is sitting at her preschool table playing with a toy car,while Sandi is sitting next to her playing with a toy car and making quiet engine sounds.The two children are enjoying themselves but not interacting with one another.What type of play are they engaged in?

A)parallel play
B)onlooker play
C)functional play
D)associative play

Question 11

Which term describes activities in which children simply watch others at play,but do not participate in the play themselves?

A)associative play
B)parallel play
C)onlooker play
D)functional play

Question 12

Martin and Lewis are both 3 years old,and the main benefit they get out of being friends with each other is __________.

A)the enjoyment of carrying out shared activities
B)trust,support,and pursuing shared interests
C)the give-and-take of competing with each other in games
D)the intellectual stimulation of conversation and learning activities

Question 13

Which term describes play that involves simple,repetitive activities typical of 3-year-olds?

A)constructive play
B)simple play
C)functional play
D)associative play

Question 14

Constructive play produces a benefit of __________ for the player.

A)winning a competition
B)gaining problem-solving experience
C)creating an imaginary friend
D)playing just for the sake of being active

Question 15

Large groups that are composed of individuals who share particular characteristics but who may not interact with one another are called __________.

A)cliques
B)crowds
C)peers
D)cohorts

Question 16

According to developmental psychologist William Damon,the third stage of building friendship during middle childhood is __________.

A)basing friendship on intelligence
B)basing friendship on others' behavior
C)basing friendship on trust
D)basing friendship on psychological closeness

Question 17

Which term refers to rankings that represent the relative social power of those in a group?

A)social competence
B)status
C)dominance hierarchy
D)social comparison

Question 18

Which activity is the best example of functional play?

A)skipping or jumping
B)playing checkers
C)counting items such as cookies to see how many there are
D)using Lego to build objects

Question 19

According to developmental psychologist William Damon,when 9-year-old Gloria is asked,"How do you know that someone is your best friend?" it is highly likely that she will respond __________.

A)"Because a friend is someone you can count on to help you when you need it"
B)"Because a friend is someone who is fun to be with"
C)"Because I can play a lot with my best friend"
D)"Because a friend is somebody who puts my feelings first"

Question 20

According to developmental psychologist William Damon,when 5-year-old Lisette is asked,"How do you know that someone is your best friend?" it is highly likely that she will respond __________.

A)"Because a friend is someone you can count on to help you when you need it"
B)"Because a friend is someone you can talk to about things that are bothering you"
C)"Because I can play a lot with my friend,and stay at my friend's house a lot"
D)"Because a friend is somebody who is kind and puts my feelings first"

Question 21

A divide between parents and adolescents in their attitudes,values,aspirations,and worldviews is known as __________.

A)autonomy
B)maturity
C)a communication breakdown
D)a generation gap

Question 22

Adolescents who receive relatively little attention from their peers are considered to be __________ adolescents.

A)rejected
B)reclusive
C)controversial
D)neglected

Question 23

Andrew is a 16-year-old who does not participate in any sports or clubs in school,and does not attend social events or have a dating partner.Nobody likes Andrew because he is difficult to get along with and aggressive;not surprisingly ,he usually feels lonely.Andrew would be considered a __________ adolescent.

A)rejected
B)outcast
C)controversial
D)neglected

Question 24

In which age group of women has the rate of births increased over previous decades?

A)14 to 18
B)30 to 34
C)35 to 40
D)40 to 50

Question 25

Because of the adolescent's development of __________,the balance of power in the relationship between parents and the adolescent becomes more __________ toward the end of adolescence.

A)metacognitive skills;in favor of the adolescent
B)cognitive skills;in favor of the adolescent
C)autonomy;egalitarian
D)prefrontal cortex;in favor of the parents

Question 26

Children and adolescents who are uniformly disliked are considered to be __________ adolescents.

A)controversial
B)popular
C)rejected
D)neglected

Question 27

When did the fertility rate peak in the United States?

A)after World War I
B)after World War II
C)after the Vietnam War
D)after the Civil War

Question 28

What are the major effects of living in poverty on children's development?

A)higher rates of aggression,poorer academic performance,conduct problems
B)strong sense of family,mental health problems,greater likelihood of delinquency
C)high absenteeism,greater academic success,cardiovascular disease
D)obesity,high rates of aggression,low stress

Question 29

In the United States,what is the average amount of money that middle-class parents will spend on one child from birth until the child reaches age 18?

A)$150,000
B)$235,000
C)$100,000
D)$300,000

Question 30

Immediately after a divorce,both children and parents may show several types of psychological maladjustment for a period that may last from __________.

A)1 to 2 years
B)3 months to 3 years
C)6 months to 2 years
D)1 to 3 years

Question 31

Which statement correctly explains why friendships are more highly valued than family relationships by older people in late adulthood?

A)Older people have little interest in making friends with other older individuals.
B)Maintaining friendships requires much less time and effort than maintaining family ties.
C)Friendships offer more flexibility than family relationships and less of a history of obligations and conflicts.
D)It is increasingly likely as one ages that all of one's friendships will end in death,compounding grief.

Question 32

What is the most likely reason for the dramatic decrease in the number of children in the average American family over the past several generations?

A)the increase in religious-based sex-abstinence programs
B)the availability and use of effective contraceptives
C)the decrease in the number of people getting married
D)an increase in same-sex couplings

Question 33

Which reason correctly explains the decline in the fertility rate?

A)women returning to school
B)declining health of the population
C)women joining the workforce
D)increased sex education in elementary school

Question 34

Which term refers to assistance and comfort supplied by a network of caring,interested people?

A)social support
B)emotional pillars
C)self-help seeking
D)assisted living

Question 35

Allison is well liked by the other members of her swim team,but not well liked by other adolescent girls in her homeroom class.Allison would be considered a __________ adolescent.

A)controversial
B)popular
C)rejected
D)neglected

Question 36

Why do people become friends?

A)because of proximity;people form friendships with those who are nearby and accessible
B)because of diversity;there's an innate desire to expand one's social circle
C)because of social standing and financial security;friends help out when times are tough
D)because finding someone with opinions and attitudes that are different from your own is part of developing a personal value system

Question 37

Why do young adults choose to have children?

A)They get pleasure from watching their children grow,and fulfillment from seeing them be successful.
B)There are health benefits to the mother from having a successful pregnancy.
C)To get financial gain from government benefits programs,such as tax breaks and welfare.
D)They feel evolutionary pressure to maintain their presence in the human gene pool.

Question 38

The number of children that one generation must produce to be able to replenish its numbers is called __________.

A)the fertility rate
B)the birth rate
C)the replacement level
D)generational reconstitution

Question 39

Brandy is an overweight 15-year-old girl who is neither liked nor disliked by others at her school.Rather,Brandy gets no attention from her classmates at all,and she feels as though she might as well be invisible.Brandy would be considered a(n)__________ adolescent.

A)neglected
B)outcast
C)controversial
D)rejected

Question 40

In the 1930s,70 percent of Americans reported that the ideal number of children to have was __________.In the 1990s,Americans reported that the ideal number of children was __________ .

A)five or more;no more than three if money is no object
B)three or more;no more than four
C)six;no more than two
D)three or more;no more than two2,although three or more if money is no object

Question 41

By definition,a remarried couple that has at least one stepchild living with them is called a __________.

A)multigenerational family
B)single-parent family
C)blended family
D)mixed family

Question 42

Which common reason correctly explains why boomerang children return home to live with middle-aged parents?

A)homesickness
B)economic success
C)lack of employment or underemployment
D)middle-age parents miss their children

Question 43

Children who grow up in families headed by __________ parents tend to have a stronger sense of extended family.

A)gay or lesbian
B)Caucasian American
C)Asian American
D)African American or Hispanic

Question 44

Following a divorce,a child may exhibit __________.

A)gender dysphoria
B)depression
C)attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder
D)bedwetting

Question 45

Compared to Caucasian Americans,African Americans are __________ to live in three-generation families.

A)more likely
B)less likely
C)no more likely
D)unable to

Question 46

What percentage of all children in the United States live in blended families?

A)17 percent
B)25 percent
C)53 percent
D)8 percent

Question 47

Which statement is correct regarding children of divorced parents?

A)Four times as many children of divorced parents enter psychological counseling as children from intact families.
B)Eighteen months to 2 years after the divorce,most children begin to return to their predivorce state of psychological adjustment.
C)Children who have experienced parental divorce are less likely to get divorced as adults.
D)Thirty percent of divorced parents later reunite in the same household for the sake of the children.

Question 48

When young adults return after leaving home for some period to live in the homes of their middle-aged parents,they are described as __________.

A)feathered nesters
B)yo-yo children
C)the sandwich generation
D)boomerang children

Question 49

During the early stages of middle childhood,children whose parents are divorcing __________.

A)experience severe psychological distress
B)often blame themselves for the breakup
C)typically fail to notice that anything is wrong in the household
D)understand that not all relationships are compatible

Question 50

"Remote" grandparents usually __________.

A)call and visit frequently with their grandchildren
B)rarely visit with their grandchildren and show little interest in them
C)take full responsibility for raising their grandchildren
D)take care of the grandchildren several times a week while parents work

Question 51

"Companionate" grandparents usually __________.

A)take full responsibility for raising their grandchildren
B)rarely call or visit their grandchildren
C)act as supporters and buddies to their grandchildren
D)hold clear expectations about the way their grandchildren should behave

Question 52

Why are African American grandparents more likely to be involved with their grandchildren?

A)There is a greater prevalence for African Americans to live in single generation homes.
B)African American households are more likely to be headed by single parents.
C)African Americans have a more collectivist view of caregiving.
D)Single-parent African American households depend less upon the grandparents to provide child care during the day.

Question 53

Roles and expectations in a blended family can sometimes be unclear,a situation referred to as __________.

A)generational digression
B)proximal distance
C)social comparison
D)role ambiguity

Question 54

"Involved" grandparents usually __________.

A)actively engage in grandparenting and influence their grandchildren's lives
B)act as supporters and buddies to their grandchildren
C)complain about their grandchildren's childish behavior
D)rarely visit their grandchildren

Question 55

A child who sees his father as a powerful figure who maintains discipline,and who is taught that it is his responsibility to care for his parents throughout his lifetime,is likely to be __________.

A)Caucasian
B)African American
C)Asian American
D)Hispanic

Question 56

Which group is more apt to be involved with their grandchildren,compared to the others?

A)African American grandparents
B)Caucasian American grandparents
C)Native American grandparents
D)Asian American grandparents

Question 57

Which term refers to parents' feelings of unhappiness,worry,loneliness,and depression resulting from their children's departure from home?

A)midlife crisis
B)child abandonment
C)empty nest syndrome
D)parental reinvestment

Question 58

Compared to children raised in opposite-sex couple households,children raised in same-sex couple households show __________.

A)higher levels of psychological adjustment
B)significant differences in adjustment
C)adjustment differences in school
D)adjustment differences in socialization

Question 59

Juanita is feeling stressed because her children need help with their homework while her elderly parents need someone to take them grocery shopping.Juanita is a member of the __________.

A)lost generation
B)sandwich generation
C)midlife crisis generation
D)blank generation

Question 60

Which factor contributes to the sandwich generation?

A)Men and women are choosing not to marry at all.
B)In general,people are living longer.
C)Men and women are choosing to remain childless.
D)Middle-aged people earn more than both their children and their parents.

Question 61

__________ adolescents are liked by some of their peers and disliked by others.

A)Controversial
B)Conflicted
C)Neglected
D)Deferential

Question 62

How are cliques and crowds the same?

A)They are the same size.
B)They are both groups of people with similar characteristics.
C)They involve the same amount of social interactions between members.
D)They are two words that mean the same thing.

Question 63

Amad does not need continuous care.However,he does receive care during the day in a facility in the form of meals and medications.What type of facility does Amad attend?

A)drop-in facility
B)skilled-nursing facility
C)assisted-living facility
D)adult day-care facility

Question 64

By the time children are 4,they engage in __________ play,manipulating objects to produce or build something.

A)functional
B)modeling
C)constructive
D)parallel

Question 65

In the United States,more than __________ of births to women under age 30 now occur outside of marriage.

A)one-tenth
B)one-quarter
C)one-third
D)one-half

Question 66

What is a source of financial vulnerability for people in late adulthood?

A)gambling
B)reliance on fixed income
C)poor investments
D)cost of living

Question 67

Frederick is living in a specialized living environment where all residents are of retirement age and in need of some level of care.What kind of residence is this?

A)adult day-care facility
B)skilled-nursing facility
C)assisted-living facility
D)continuing-care community

Question 68

Which factors contribute to maintaining,and perhaps even enhancing,marital satisfaction following the birth of a child? Apply these factors to Felix and Edweena,who have a 6-month-old at home.

Question 69

Pressures to simultaneously hold down a job while raising children have convinced many women to __________.

A)earn a college degree
B)have fewer children
C)wait longer before marrying
D)stay at home with the kids

Question 70

Nancy Schlossberg identified six basic paths to retirement.Describe these paths and apply each to the case of Gloria,a recent retiree.

Question 71

Tony has been in a nursing home for one year.He has become apathetic,indifferent,and does not care about himself.Which term describes Tony's mental state?

A)learned helplessness
B)self-pity
C)institutionalism
D)neurodementia

Question 72

What is learned helplessness?

A)the belief that being helpless leads to wellness
B)the belief that being helpless leads to despair
C)the belief that one must give help to receive help
D)the belief that one has no control over one's environment

Question 73

Which of the following is a factor in successfully surviving the stress that develops in marriage after the birth of a child?

A)one partner taking primary responsibility for childrearing
B)making childrearing a private enterprise
C)regarding problems as controllable and solvable
D)maintaining pre-child routines

Question 74

In the third stage of friendship,which begins toward the end of middle childhood (ages 11 to 15),friendship is based on __________.

A)time spent together
B)mutual trust
C)others' behavior
D)psychological closeness

Question 75

Grace's care needs have increased since her husband's death.She has moved into an independent housing unit that is supported by medical providers as needed.What kind of residence is this?

A)adult day-care facility
B)assisted-living facility
C)skilled-nursing facility
D)commune

Question 76

People over 65 represent what percent of single-person households?

A)5 percent
B)15 percent
C)25 percent
D)40 percent

Question 77

Approximately what percent of people age 65 and older live in poverty?

A)5 percent
B)10 percent
C)15 percent
D)20 percent

Question 78

Older people spend approximately what percent of their income on health care?

A)20 percent
B)15 percent
C)10 percent
D)5 percent

Question 79

Renee is 67 years old and is in the hospital because she broke her hip.She will need extensive physical therapy for two months.Which is the proper facility to provide care for her?

A)adult day-care
B)skilled nursing
C)assisted living
D)extended care

Question 80

In most families,teenagers' __________ grows gradually over the course of adolescence.

A)alienation
B)collectivism
C)autonomy
D)hostility