Deck 14: Schooling, Culture, and Society: Living in a Multicultural World

Question 1

Which attribute helps to define "high-quality" child care?

A)a quiet environment where children can be by themselves
B)a child-teacher ratio of 17:1
C)a large collection of donated board games and teen-reader books
D)carefully planned curriculum

Answer 1

carefully planned curriculum

Question 2

Approximately what percent of white high school graduates enter college?

A)42 percent
B)57 percent
C)71 percent
D)82 percent

Answer 2

42 percent

Question 3

Which countries' students have the highest academic achievement in math and science compared to the others?

A)Japan
B)United States
C)Italy
D)Canada

Answer 3

Japan

Question 4

Parents in China,Japan,and the United States all see the benefits of preschools in a different way.What do Japanese parents view as the most likely benefit of preschool?

A)academic head start
B)developing a sense of independence
C)experience of being a member of a group
D)learning to be a good citizen

Question 5

A major drawback of homeschooling cited by critics focuses on __________.

A)the physical health of children
B)academic preparation of parents versus well-trained teachers
C)insufficient extracurricular activities
D)low effectiveness rates

Question 6

The national dropout rate for African American college students is approximately __________.

A)72 percent
B)60 percent
C)44 percent
D)38 percent

Question 7

The guidance counselor at Davis Elementary has been asked to present a discussion to the school's PTA regarding creating an atmosphere that promotes school success.What should her topics include?

A)promoting a "literacy environment"
B)encouraging student dependence on offered services
C)effective money spending restrictions
D)time management

Question 8

Statistically,who is at greatest risk for dropping out of school?

A)Ming,an Asian girl in high school
B)Darnell,an African American boy in middle school
C)Miguel,a Hispanic boy in high school
D)Denisse,a Caucasian girl in middle school

Question 9

Independent measures of achievement,such as SAT scores,have not risen in the past decade,but overall grades in school have risen over that same period.What is the most likely explanation for this outcome?

A)Student performance in school has changed for the better,and the students are demonstrating greater achievement.
B)Student performance in school has improved,but only because students are cheating more often on tests.
C)Instructors have become more lenient,awarding higher grades for the same performance,which is known as grade inflation.
D)Independent measures of achievement such as the SAT are harder than they were a decade ago.

Question 10

What conclusion should be reached about the effectiveness of Head Start programs?

A)Head Start programs show few short-term gains for students,with benefits not recognizable until high school
B)Despite decades of research,no demonstrable gains have been demonstrated for Head Start programs.
C)Across both short- and long-term periods,the evidence of benefits is mixed.
D)Head Start programs show clear short-term benefits,and these become stronger through the middle school years.

Question 11

Which factor is an important consideration when interpreting the gap in educational achievement between U.S.students and other students around the world?

A)U)S.students spend more time in classes but get less intensive instruction.
B)There is a broader diversity of students in the United States compared to the student bodies of other countries.
C)U)S.parents and students do not care as much about education as do parents and students from other countries.
D)There are low literacy rates for female U.S.students.

Question 12

What is the most common configuration of middle school education in the United States?

A)grades 5 through 7
B)grades 5 through 8
C)grades 6 through 8
D)grades 7 and 8

Question 13

Members of certain minority groups may have low academic achievement because they __________.

A)perceive that school success is relatively unimportant to future workplace success because discrimination will hamper advancement
B)are at a genetic disadvantage compared to members of other groups
C)lack the social,interpersonal,and communication skills to fully benefit from a formal education
D)have a greater number of parents who themselves never succeeded within the educational environment

Question 14

Each year,approximately how many U.S.children between the ages of 3 and 4 are enrolled in Head Start programs?

A)1 million
B)6 million
C)12 million
D)23 million

Question 15

Developmental psychologists have found that children can benefit from involvement in some form of __________ before they enroll in formal schooling,which takes place at ages 5 or 6 in the United States.

A)computer video intake
B)rudimentary child care
C)educational activity
D)socialization with peers

Question 16

Parents in China,Japan,and the United States all see the benefits of preschools in a different way.What do U.S.parents view as the most likely benefit of preschool?

A)start making connections in the community
B)developing a sense of independence
C)experience of being a member of a group
D)learning to be a good citizen

Question 17

Students from lower-income households are __________ more likely to drop out of high school than are middle- and higher-income students.

A)two times
B)three times
C)four times
D)five times

Question 18

The involuntary immigration of Africans as slaves to America and the motivation to succeed educationally in subsequent generations of African Americans is analogous to the __________ and the motivation for learning and success in their subsequent generations.

A)voluntary immigration of Italians to America
B)involuntary immigration of Irish to America
C)voluntary immigration of Germans to America
D)involuntary immigration of Koreans to Japan during World War II

Question 19

What percent of students entering college finish with a degree within six years?

A)40 percent
B)45 percent
C)50 percent
D)55 percent

Question 20

How effective are child care programs for children compared to at-home care?

A)Child care programs produce intellectual benefits but not social ones.
B)High-quality child care results in intellectual and social benefits.
C)High-quality child care produces children who feel entitled,privileged,and unique.
D)Any form of external child care produces more benefits than at-home care.

Question 21

A survey of girls and boys aged 8 to 18 years found that young people spend a daily average of about __________ with some kind of media.

A)1)4 hours
B)3)7 hours
C)6)5 hours
D)10.2 hours

Question 22

What do suburban,middle-class white adolescents do all day?

A)They spend about half their time in leisure activities.
B)A substantial majority of them are involved in religious activities.
C)They spend about half their time on "maintenance," such as eating,grooming,or chores.
D)Three-quarters of each day are devoted to school and academic pursuits.

Question 23

Whom are college professors more likely to call on and assist?

A)men
B)women
C)older students
D)first generation students

Question 24

Approximately how many hours per week does the average middle-aged person in the United States spend socializing?

A)6
B)8
C)10
D)15

Question 25

Juanita moved with her family from Argentina to the United States.It is important to her to maintain her identity with her native culture while adapting to the U.S.culture.Juanita is seeking __________.

A)integration
B)acculturation
C)separation
D)marginalization

Question 26

Which country has the fastest overall pace of living?

A)United States
B)South Korea
C)Singapore
D)Switzerland

Question 27

How is busyness related to academic performance in adolescence?

A)Adolescents who are involved in just a few activities tend to be more academically successful.
B)Involvement in three activities seems to be the optimal level for predicting greater academic success.
C)Busier adolescents,committed to many tasks,tend to be more academically successful.
D)How busy an adolescent is tends to be unrelated to how academically successful that person is.

Question 28

Which country has the slowest overall pace of living?

A)England
B)Mexico
C)Poland
D)Taiwan

Question 29

What form of bullying is enacted electronically?

A)physical torture
B)verbal bullying
C)cyberbullying
D)theft and vandalism of property

Question 30

The "digital divide" refers to __________.

A)the difference between students who use the Internet for entertainment purposes and students who use the Internet to complete schoolwork
B)the difference between the computer-savvy generation of the current decade compared to their parents,who have less computer experience
C)poorer adolescents and members of minority groups having less access to computers than more affluent adolescents
D)the difference between educators who believe that computers should be integrated into the curriculum,compared to educators who argue for a traditional educational experience for students

Question 31

Which reason correctly explains why older,nontraditional students attend college?

A)They seek greater economic opportunities that come with education.
B)They want the social stimulation a college atmosphere brings.
C)They have no other sources of intellectual stimulation.
D)College is pursued because of therapeutic reasons.

Question 32

Approximately how many hours per week does a middle-aged person in the United States watch television?

A)10
B)15
C)20
D)25

Question 33

Differences in gender distribution and attrition rates across college course subject areas reflect which of the following causes?

A)gender stereotypes
B)perceived self-inadequacies
C)first-year adjustment reaction
D)genetic limitations

Question 34

Approximately how many hours per day do 8- to 18-year-olds watch television?

A)1)7
B)3)3
C)4)5
D)7)8

Question 35

How does the human brain process information that requires attention?

A)simultaneously
B)from least to most important
C)haphazardly
D)sequentially

Question 36

Which methodology do developmental psychologists use to accurately gauge what adolescents do during their spare time?

A)interviews
B)surveys
C)self-reports
D)experience sampling method

Question 37

Which term refers to the integration of cultures,social movements,and financial markets around the world?

A)unionization
B)globalization
C)acculturation
D)marginalization

Question 38

Which group of students tends to have the highest rate of computer use?

A)Hispanic
B)Asian American
C)white
D)African American

Question 39

Changes and adjustments that occur when groups of different people come into sustained firsthand contact with one another is referred to as __________.

A)integration
B)acculturation
C)separation
D)marginalization

Question 40

Based on evidence from functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)studies,which area of the brain is responsible for switching attention from one task to another?

A)occipital lobe
B)hippocampus
C)anterior prefrontal cortex
D)corpus callosum

Question 41

Which aspect of disliking others is behavioral in nature?

A)prejudice
B)renouncement
C)discrimination
D)stereotyping

Question 42

Assuming that most old people eventually end up living in a nursing home is an example of what kind of thinking?

A)misattribution
B)social learning
C)stereotyping
D)self-fulfilling prophecy

Question 43

The percentage of children enrolled in preschool programs in the United States __________ other countries.

A)is the same as
B)is much greater than
C)is slightly less than
D)lags behind

Question 44

According to __________ theory,adolescents use group membership as a source of pride and self-worth.

A)gender schema
B)dominance hierarchy
C)the triarchic developmental
D)social identity

Question 45

Which term refers to maintaining one's original culture identity while integrating oneself into the dominant culture?

A)bicultural identity
B)pluralistic society model
C)cultural assimilation model
D)multicultural education

Question 46

Which term refers to how members of ethnic,racial,and cultural minorities view themselves?

A)achievement
B)ethnic identity
C)acculturation
D)separation

Question 47

What are some benefits and disadvantages to adolescents' increased use of media and technology,such as the Internet?

Question 48

What characterizes an unexamined ethnic identity?

A)rejection of the cultural practices of the ethnic majority
B)acceptance of the norms and attitudes of the dominant culture
C)belligerence directed toward people who have solidified an ethnic identity
D)a consolidation of one's ethnic identity,practices,and values

Question 49

The theory that people learn prejudicial attitudes in the same way they acquire other attitudes,beliefs,and values is called __________.

A)stereotyping
B)the social learning view
C)attribution
D)the social identity theory

Question 50

Which term describes the process in which people identify with the ethnic minority culture to which they belong while rejecting the majority culture?

A)separation
B)marginalization
C)assimilation
D)integration

Question 51

Based on recent figures,poverty is defined as a household income level below __________ per year for a family of four.

A)$15,034
B)$19,229
C)$28,290
D)$34,562

Question 52

How high is the cost of childhood poverty in the United States estimated to be each year?

A)between $36 billion and $177 billion
B)between $250 million and $2 billion
C)between $450 billion and $750 billion
D)between $600 billion and $1.2 trillion

Question 53

Chavo has reached the stage of achieved ethnic identity for his Guatemalan culture.What behavior is Chavo most likely to engage in?

A)organizing a float at the Guatemalan Days parade in his new city
B)fully embracing the norms and practices of the dominant culture in which he now lives
C)renouncing his Guatemalan heritage in public
D)seeking a French restaurant for his birthday celebration

Question 54

Describe the factors that contribute to high-quality child care.

Question 55

Describe the varieties of early education.

Question 56

__________ preschools,developed in Italy,use a carefully designed set of materials to create an environment that fosters sensory,motor,and language development through play.

A)Family child-care
B)Montessori
C)School child-care
D)Reggio Emilia

Question 57

The extent of identification with one's ethnicity increases with __________.

A)wisdom
B)educational attainment
C)age
D)professional career orientation

Question 58

Which aspect of disliking others is cognitive in nature?

A)stereotyping
B)discrimination
C)prejudice
D)identification

Question 59

What is the second stage of ethnic identity development called?

A)examine ethnic identity
B)unexamined ethnic identity
C)achieved ethnic identity
D)ethnic identity search

Question 60

Some people may adopt the values and beliefs of the majority culture while rejecting the values and beliefs of their native culture.Which term best describes this position?

A)culture
B)marginalization
C)assimilation
D)separation

Question 61

Which of the following statements about gender bias in higher education is true?

A)Men in college classrooms are called on more often than women.
B)Professors make more eye contact with women than with men.
C)Women receive more positive feedback for their comments than men.
D)Men are less likely than women to attend classes.

Question 62

Phinney's first stage of ethnic identity development that is characterized by a lack of exploration of one's own identity and acceptance of the beliefs of the dominant culture is known as __________.

A)achieved ethnic identity
B)ethnic identity search
C)unexamined ethnic identity
D)pluralistic identity

Question 63

Parents can best create an atmosphere that promotes successful entry into elementary school by __________.

A)teaching their children to read and write
B)introducing fundamental math skills and concepts to their children
C)encouraging their children's problem-solving skills
D)giving their children practice in sitting still and listening

Question 64

As people move from early adulthood into midlife,they typically begin to place a higher priority on __________.

A)social relationships
B)career pursuits
C)childrearing
D)amassing wealth

Question 65

The technological medium to which adolescents are exposed most often is __________.

A)the smart phone
B)the computer
C)the Internet
D)television

Question 66

In general,early-enrolling children who are younger than their classmates __________.

A)outperform their peers both academically and socially
B)manifest moderate emotional and psychological difficulties by grade 3
C)progress at the same rate as their older peers
D)are substantially behind their peers in reading ability by grade 3

Question 67

People in middle adulthood typically report that,compared with earlier in life,the pace of their lives is __________.

A)far slower
B)about the same
C)a little slower
D)a little faster

Question 68

Long-term participation in child care at an early age is particularly helpful for __________.

A)children from impoverished home environments
B)intellectually gifted children
C)children with serious behavior problems
D)children in two-parent families

Question 69

Compared to time spent on productive and maintenance activities,suburban,white,middle-class adolescents typically spend about __________ percent of their time on leisure activities.

A)40
B)50
C)60
D)70

Question 70

Compared to white suburban adolescents,poor,urban,African American adolescents spend more time on __________ activities.

A)leisure
B)extended family
C)work
D)organized sports

Question 71

Children whose entry into first grade has been delayed so they can be older than most of their classmates __________.

A)usually are more athletic and more popular than their classmates
B)generally outperform their classmates academically and socially
C)have a tendency to become schoolyard bullies
D)may show emotional and behavioral problems in adolescence

Question 72

Research shows that adolescents who multitask,performing several tasks simultaneously,tend to __________.

A)complete all tasks more quickly than non-multitasking adolescents
B)perform tasks more effectively than non-multitasking adults
C)produce more errors than non-multitasking adolescents
D)perform more efficiently than adults who also multitask

Question 73

__________ is a set of beliefs and expectations about members of a group simply because they belong to that group.

A)Discrimination
B)A stereotype
C)Prejudice
D)A self-fulfilling prophecy

Question 74

The human brain handles multitasking by __________.

A)switching back and forth between tasks
B)dividing tasks into bits and processing the bits sequentially
C)assigning each task to a different processing channel
D)assigning less urgent tasks to a back channel for slower processing

Question 75

Which of the following is one of the major reasons why adults are participating in higher education in greater numbers?

A)They are seeking to gain a better understanding of their children.
B)They are attending for leisure.
C)They are seeking the attention of their children.
D)They want to acquire skills to prepare for their future retirement.

Question 76

Moving back and forth between the majority and minority cultures according to the particular situation that one is in is called __________.

A)bicultural identity
B)flexible acculturation
C)code switching
D)cultural adaptation

Question 77

Compared to their peers in traditional schooling,children who have been homeschooled generally __________.

A)have better social and interpersonal skills
B)perform lower on standardized tests
C)have comparable college acceptance rates
D)have higher college dropout rates

Question 78

Which of the following is a characteristic of high-quality child care?

A)a rich language environment involving a lots of interaction
B)a child-teacher ratio of 30:1 or better
C)a loosely planned,improvisational curriculum
D)a staff with high school degrees

Question 79

When two or more different groups of people come into sustained contact,they make changes and adjustments known as __________.

A)acculturation
B)assimilation
C)globalization
D)integration

Question 80

Which of the following is one effect of poverty?

A)poor medical care
B)increased employment opportunities
C)greater academic success
D)diminished talent and intelligence