Deck 2: What Is the Nervous Systems Functional Anatomy

Question 1

Efferent is to afferent as:

A)brain is to spinal cord.
B)sensory is to motor.
C)motor is to sensory.
D)incoming is to outgoing.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

The cerebellum contains _____ of all the neurons in the adult human brain.

A)20 percent
B)50 percent
C)10 percent
D)80 percent

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Rostral is to caudal as:

A)superior is to inferior.
B)dorsal is to ventral.
C)medial is to lateral.
D)anterior is to posterior.

Answer 3

D

Question 4

The CNS includes the _____, whereas the PNS includes the _____.

A)brain and autonomic nervous system; spinal cord and somatic nervous system
B)spinal cord and autonomic nervous system; brain and somatic nervous system
C)spinal cord and brain; autonomic nervous system and somatic nervous system
D)somatic nervous system and brain; spinal cord and autonomic nervous system

Question 5

What best characterizes the composition of cerebrospinal fluid?

A)sodium chloride and other salts
B)essential amino acids
C)glucocorticoids
D)simple sugars and small lipids

Question 6

The somatic nervous system includes the _____, whereas the autonomic nervous system includes the _____.

A)sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions; cranial nerves and spinal nerves
B)brain and spinal cord; cranial nerves and spinal nerves
C)sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions; brain and spinal cord
D)cranial nerves and spinal nerves; sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions

Question 7

Neural agenesis refers to:

A)an injury to a brain structure.
B)the degeneration of a structure.
C)the failure of a structure to develop.
D)the creation of a brain structure.

Question 8

Following a brain injury, Greg has difficulty understanding language and music. He is most likely to have suffered damage to his:

A)frontal lobe.
B)temporal lobe.
C)occipital lobe.
D)parietal lobe.

Question 9

Phenotypic plasticity refers to:

A)how an organism's genotype can be influenced by environmental factors.
B)how an organism's genetics can be influenced by its nervous system.
C)the study of nervous system plasticity.
D)None of the answers is correct.

Question 10

Structures atop the brain or a structure within the brain are:

A)lateral.
B)ventral.
C)medial.
D)dorsal.

Question 11

Moving from superficial layers to deep layers, in what order are the meninges found?

A)dura mater, arachnoid layer, pia mater
B)pia mater, arachnoid layer, dura mater
C)dura mater, pia mater, arachnoid layer
D)pia mater, dura mater, arachnoid layer

Question 12

Brain nomenclature can be very confusing. This is because:

A)many structures have several names.
B)research on the brain includes scientists of many nationalities and languages.
C)some structures were named using numbers.
D)All of the answers are correct.

Question 13

If a tree falls in the forest, does it make a sound if no one is present?

A)Yes, because sound is a physical phenomenon.
B)Yes, because if you record the noise and play it again later, you will hear it.
C)No, because sound is a fabrication of the human brain.
D)This is an unanswerable philosophical question.

Question 14

Afferent is to efferent as:

A)out is to in.
B)top is to bottom.
C)in is to out.
D)bottom is to top.

Question 15

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flows between the:

A)arachnoid layer and pia mater.
B)dura mater and pia mater.
C)dura mater and arachnoid layer.
D)superficial layer and deep layer.

Question 16

The term afferent refers to _____ signals.

A)incoming
B)outgoing
C)different
D)similar

Question 17

Coronal section is to horizontal section as:

A)frontal view is to dorsal view.
B)medial view is to frontal view.
C)frontal view is to medial view.
D)dorsal view is to medial view.

Question 18

The subdivision of the nervous system that controls the gut is called the:

A)somatic nervous system.
B)enteric nervous system.
C)digestive nervous system.
D)autonomic nervous system.

Question 19

The ventral portion of a structure is sometimes called:

A)superior.
B)inferior.
C)dorsal.
D)medial.

Question 20

The functions of the temporal lobes lie mainly in:

A)decision making.
B)hearing, language, and music.
C)sensory processing and directing movements toward objects.
D)vision.

Question 21

Soon after experiencing a stroke, Jim experiences difficulty with directing movements toward objects. The stroke is most likely to have occurred in his:

A)frontal lobe.
B)temporal lobe.
C)occipital lobe.
D)parietal lobe.

Question 22

Sulci are:

A)found only in the cerebellum.
B)found only in the cerebrum.
C)the cracks between the bumps on the brain.
D)the bumps on the surface of the brain.

Question 23

The large cavities inside the brain are known as:

A)ventricles and are filled with CSF.
B)ventricles and are filled with blood.
C)the arachnoid layer and are filled with CSF.
D)the arachnoid layer and are filled with blood.

Question 24

Sulcus is to gyrus as:

A)crack is to bump.
B)bump is to crack.
C)ridge is to mountain.
D)crack is to crevasse.

Question 25

Which of the following correctly describes the possible suite of symptoms associated with meningitis?

A)severe headache, stiff neck, convulsions
B)facial paralysis, limb paralysis, severe headache
C)aggressiveness, mood swings, personality changes
D)convulsions, vomiting, confusion

Question 26

Which of the following is a function of CSF?

A)acting as a shock absorber to the brain
B)allowing certain compounds access
C)helping the brain excrete metabolic wastes from the brain
D)All of the above are functions of CSF.

Question 27

During a recent car accident, Allison suffered a brain injury that left her blind even though her eyes are working fine. She is most likely to have suffered damage to her:

A)occipital lobe.
B)frontal lobe.
C)temporal lobe.
D)parietal lobe.

Question 28

The artery that provides blood to the lateral, temporal, and frontal lobes is the _____ cerebral artery.

A)anterior
B)middle
C)posterior
D)inferior

Question 29

The posterior cerebral artery provides blood to the _____ lobe.

A)parietal
B)frontal
C)occipital
D)exterior

Question 30

_____ is mainly composed of cell bodies and capillaries.

A)Reticular matter
B)Gray matter
C)The corpus callosum
D)White matter

Question 31

Following a brain injury, Suzanne experiences difficulty with problem solving and decision making. She is most likely to have suffered an injury to her:

A)parietal lobe.
B)occipital lobe.
C)frontal lobe.
D)temporal lobe.

Question 32

Gyri are:

A)bumps on the surface of the cortex.
B)cracks on the surface of the cortex.
C)deformities on the surface of the cortex.
D)only found in the spinal cord.

Question 33

_____ is (are) mainly composed of nerve fibers with fatty coverings.

A)Cerebral aqueducts
B)Ventricles
C)White matter
D)Gray matter

Question 34

CSF is made in the:

A)pia mater.
B)dura mater.
C)ventricles.
D)arachnoid layer.

Question 35

The frontal lobe is responsible for controlling:

A)decision making.
B)hearing, language, and music.
C)vision.
D)sensory processing and directing movements toward objects.

Question 36

Which item is NOT a cerebral artery that acts as a major supplier to the cerebrum?

A)anterior
B)superior
C)middle
D)posterior

Question 37

The parietal lobe primarily controls:

A)vision.
B)hearing, language, and music.
C)decision making.
D)sensory processing and directing movements toward objects.

Question 38

What is the term for an infection of the brain caused by invading viruses or microorganisms?

A)encephalitis
B)meningitis
C)craniitis
D)hemispheritis

Question 39

A disruption of the blood supply to a brain region causes:

A)meningitis.
B)encephalitis.
C)a stroke.
D)cerebral agenesis.

Question 40

The occipital lobe is responsible for:

A)sensory processing and directing movements toward objects.
B)decision making.
C)visual processing.
D)hearing, language, and music.

Question 41

When observing a sagittal brain section at the midline, what is the prominent feature composed of white matter?

A)corpus callosum
B)ventricles
C)cingulate cortex
D)hippocampus

Question 42

Ischemic stroke is caused by:

A)a clot.
B)a broken blood vessel.
C)meningitis.
D)encephalitis.

Question 43

What does the behavior of octopi tell us about nervous system organization and intelligent behavior?

A)Only vertebrates have nervous systems complex enough for intelligent behavior.
B)Invertebrates are incapable of learning complex behaviors.
C)Intelligent behavior does not require a vertebrate nervous system organization.
D)Intelligent behavior is linked to one type of nervous system.

Question 44

The prosencephalon is sometimes referred to as the:

A)hindbrain.
B)middle brain.
C)auxiliary brain.
D)front brain.

Question 45

In the human brain the basal ganglia, limbic system, and olfactory bulbs are considered part of the:

A)telencephalon.
B)metencephalon.
C)diencephalon.
D)mesencephalon.

Question 46

The red nucleus, substantia nigra, and periaqueductal gray matter are parts of the:

A)tectum.
B)pons.
C)tegmentum.
D)reticular formation.

Question 47

Regulation of breathing and the cardiovascular system is primarily controlled by the:

A)pons.
B)reticular activating system.
C)medulla.
D)cerebellum.

Question 48

Which of the following is NOT part of the hindbrain?

A)the pons
B)the tegmentum
C)the reticular formation
D)the medulla oblongata

Question 49

CNS is to PNS as:

A)neuron is to glia.
B)gray matter is to white matter.
C)nerve is to tract.
D)tract is to nerve.

Question 50

Awakening from sleep is a function of the:

A)pons.
B)medulla.
C)cerebellum.
D)reticular formation.

Question 51

Orienting responses (e.g., turning your head to locate the source of a sound) are controlled by the:

A)pons.
B)superior and inferior colliculi.
C)cerebellum.
D)diencephalon.

Question 52

Tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) is effective for treating:

A)ischemic stroke.
B)hemorrhagic stroke.
C)meningitis.
D)All of the answers are correct.

Question 53

The reticular formation is primarily made up of:

A)gray matter only.
B)white matter only.
C)gray matter and white matter.
D)None of the answers is correct.

Question 54

The thalamus and hypothalamus are considered part of the:

A)myelencephalon.
B)telencephalon.
C)metencephalon.
D)diencephalon.

Question 55

In the human brain the mesencephalon contains the:

A)neocortex.
B)cerebellum.
C)tectum and tegmentum.
D)medulla.

Question 56

The role of glial cells is primarily to:

A)carry out information processing in the brain.
B)send signals from one brain region to another.
C)modulate the activity of neurons.
D)process sensory input.

Question 57

Which of the following structures is NOT part of the metencephalon?

A)the cerebellum
B)the pons
C)the medulla
D)None of the answers is correct.

Question 58

Cutting the brain from front to back will give a _____ view.

A)coronal
B)frontal
C)horizontal
D)sagittal

Question 59

A hemorrhagic stroke is caused by:

A)a blood clot.
B)a ruptured blood vessel.
C)an embolism.
D)All of the answers are correct.

Question 60

The primary function of the cerebellum is:

A)control of sleeping and waking.
B)control of movement.
C)control of heart rate and respiration.
D)sensory processing.

Question 61

Sexual behavior is a primary function of the:

A)thalamus.
B)hypothalamus.
C)gyrus fornicutus.
D)red nucleus.

Question 62

What are the functions of the superior and inferior colliculi, respectively?

A)auditory and visual
B)visual and auditory
C)tactile and visual
D)visual and tactile

Question 63

Which of the following would likely occur if an individual's hippocampus were destroyed or damaged significantly?

A)The person would have problems with navigation and word finding.
B)The person would lose motor functions of their limbs.
C)The person would have difficulty remembering individuals who are close to him or her.
D)The person would not be able to speak.

Question 64

The basal ganglia primarily controls:

A)decision making.
B)voluntary movement.
C)learning and memory.
D)processing of sound.

Question 65

The part of the cortex that constructs a perceptual world and responds to that world is the:

A)limbic cortex.
B)cingulate cortex.
C)neocortex.
D)parahippocampal cortex.

Question 66

The lateral geniculate nucleus deals with:

A)touch.
B)hearing.
C)olfaction.
D)vision.

Question 67

The primary function of the thalamus is:

A)transmission of sensory inputs to the cortex.
B)regulation of hormone function.
C)regulation of sleeping and waking.
D)control of orienting responses.

Question 68

What is the difference between the neocortex and the allocortex?

A)The neocortex controls motivational and emotional states, while the allocortex constructs a perceptual world and responds to that world.
B)The neocortex is part of the forebrain, while the allocortex is part of the hindbrain.
C)The allocortex controls motivational and emotional states, while the neocortex constructs a perceptual world and responds to that world.
D)The allocortex is part of the forebrain, while the neocortex is part of the hindbrain.

Question 69

The hypothalamus is NOT primarily involved in:

A)motor movements.
B)sleeping.
C)emotional behavior.
D)sensory input.

Question 70

A person who has trouble locating the source of stimulation on the skin most likely has damage to the:

A)temporal lobe.
B)parietal lobe.
C)occipital lobe.
D)frontal lobe.

Question 71

Thalamus is to hypothalamus as:

A)sensory input is to body maintenance.
B)body maintenance is to sensory input.
C)sexual behavior is to sleeping.
D)feeding is to endocrine function.

Question 72

Deficits in processing basic visual information (e.g., luminance) are caused by damage to the:

A)frontal lobe.
B)parietal lobe.
C)occipital lobe.
D)temporal lobe.

Question 73

Why is the olfactory system unique among human senses?

A)The olfactory system is part of the limbic system.
B)The olfactory system is almost entirely a forebrain structure.
C)The olfactory system is almost entirely a hindbrain structure.
D)The olfactory system is one of the newest senses to have evolved in animals.

Question 74

Six layers of gray matter on top of a layer of white matter would describe the:

A)limbic cortex.
B)basal ganglia.
C)neocortex.
D)cingulate cortex.

Question 75

Following a brain injury Steven has trouble organizing himself and has difficulty formulating plans to accomplish goals. Steven is most likely to have damaged his:

A)frontal lobe.
B)temporal lobe.
C)parietal lobe.
D)occipital lobe.

Question 76

The _____ acts as a sensory relay station for signals arriving from sensory receptors that are being sent to the cortex.

A)pituitary
B)pons
C)hypothalamus
D)thalamus

Question 77

Which of the following is NOT part of the forebrain?

A)the cortex
B)the tectum
C)the basal ganglia
D)the limbic system

Question 78

The allocortex contains which of the following structures?

A)the hippocampus and the amygdala
B)the hippocampus and the hypothalamus
C)the hypothalamus and the thalamus
D)the diencephalon and the amygdala

Question 79

Which of the following is part of the tegmentum?

A)the tectum
B)the substantia nigra
C)the inferior colliculus
D)the superior colliculus

Question 80

Trouble recognizing sounds is most commonly associated with damage to the:

A)parietal lobe.
B)frontal lobe.
C)occipital lobe.
D)temporal lobe.