Deck 3: What Are the Nervous Systems Functional Units

Question 1

The part of the axon that conveys information to other neurons is the:

A)axon hillock.
B)terminal button.
C)Golgi body.
D)soma.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Golgi staining makes use of _____ to stain neurons so they can be viewed under a microscope.

A)cresyl violet
B)silver nitrate
C)pen ink
D)squid ink

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Structurally, the simplest type of neuron is a(n):

A)pyramidal neuron.
B)motor neuron.
C)sensory neuron.
D)interneuron.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

_____ are also called association cells because they link up sensory and motor neurons.

A)Interneurons
B)Golgi neurons
C)Glial cells
D)Bipolar neurons

Question 5

Which of the following is true of neurons?

A)They all have the same number of dendrites.
B)They usually have several axons.
C)They are all remarkably similar in size.
D)Each has only one axon.

Question 6

Stellate cells are:

A)sensory neurons.
B)interneurons.
C)motor neurons.
D)not affected by either sensory input or motor output.

Question 7

The human central nervous system consists of approximately:

A)86 billion neurons.
B)1 trillion neurons.
C)16 billion neurons.
D)1 million neurons.

Question 8

Interneurons:

A)produce glial cells in the midbrain.
B)are responsible for producing myelin sheets.
C)are involved in processing sensory information and sending information to the motor neurons.
D)are involved in processing motor feedback.

Question 9

What is the MOST common sequence of information flow through a neuron?

A)nucleus, axon, axon hillock, end foot
B)dendrite, nucleus, axon hillock, axon
C)dendrite, nucleus, axon, axon hillock
D)dendrite, telodendria, nucleus, axon

Question 10

Which of the following is NOT characteristic of a pyramidal cell?

A)long axon
B)pyramid-shaped body
C)two sets of dendrites
D)one set of dendrites

Question 11

Which type of neurons transmit afferent sensory information from the retina to the brain?

A)bipolar neurons
B)sensory neurons
C)motor neurons
D)somatosensory neurons

Question 12

_____ are branches extending out of a neuron's cell membrane that allow it to collect information from other cells.

A)Somas
B)Axons
C)Terminal buttons
D)Dendrites

Question 13

What is the BEST analogy for a neuron?

A)a multi-input computational device with many output wires
B)a multi-input computational device with one output wire
C)a single-input computational device with many output wires
D)a single-input computational device with two output wires

Question 14

_____ are single fibers that carry messages to other neurons.

A)Dendrites
B)Axons
C)Terminal buttons
D)Somas

Question 15

The _____ is the core region of the cell that contains the nucleus.

A)dendrite
B)axon
C)Golgi body
D)soma

Question 16

Based on their observations of stained neurons, Golgi put forward the _____ hypothesis, whereas Cajal proposed the _____ theory.

A)nerve net; neuron
B)neuron; nerve net
C)nerve net; glia
D)neuron; glia

Question 17

The junction of the axon and the soma of a neuron is called:

A)the neural bridge.
B)the axon hillock.
C)the axon collateral.
D)a synapse.

Question 18

_____ are a special type of interneuron found in the cerebellum.

A)Purkinje cells
B)Motor neurons
C)Bipolar neurons
D)Glial cells

Question 19

What are the three basic subdivisions of a neurons?

A)cell body, dendrites, and nucleus
B)cell body, soma, and dendrites
C)soma, dendrites, and axon
D)soma, axon, and nucleus

Question 20

What happens if a person loses a few neurons in an active part of the brain?

A)The person will get mildly ill as the body rebuilds.
B)The person will need these neurons replaced with surgery.
C)The person will likely acquire a neurological disorder.
D)The person will not notice anything.

Question 21

Astroglia are NOT associated with:

A)expansion of blood vessels.
B)the blood-brain barrier.
C)formation of scar tissue.
D)removal of dead tissue.

Question 22

Which neurons are responsible for producing behavior?

A)bipolar neurons
B)motor neurons
C)interneurons
D)sensory neurons

Question 23

Which of the following is NOT a way that robotics can be used in studying nervous system function?

A)Researchers build robots in order to create new hypotheses about the nervous system.
B)Researchers construct robotic models to help confirm hypotheses about nervous system functions.
C)Researchers develop robots endowed with artificial intelligence (AI).
D)Researchers program robots to function like biological organisms.

Question 24

Glial cells are primarily responsible for the:

A)reception of sensory information.
B)support of neurons.
C)processing of information.
D)production of actions or motor outputs.

Question 25

Hydrocephalus is caused by:

A)deterioration of interneurons.
B)malfunctioning of the synapses.
C)a blockage in the neural network.
D)a blockage in the ventricles.

Question 26

Which of the following does NOT describe motor neurons?

A)They have large cell bodies.
B)They have long axons.
C)They reside in the cerebellum.
D)They have extensive dendritic networks.

Question 27

_____ are tumors that are often encapsulated and relatively easy to remove with surgery.

A)Gliomas
B)Meningiomas
C)Metastatic
D)Neuromas

Question 28

The blood-brain barrier is made up of _____ attached to neurons and blood vessels.

A)astrocytes
B)microglia
C)Schwann cells
D)ependymal cells

Question 29

When neurons are continuously firing, they need a constant supply of glucose and oxygen to continue operating. This is achieved via _____, which signal blood vessels to expand and increase blood flow.

A)Schwann cells
B)ependymal cells
C)astrocytes
D)microglia

Question 30

_____ are glial cells that have nutritive and supportive functions.

A)Ependymal cells
B)Purkinje cells
C)Telodendria
D)Astrocytes

Question 31

Chris has been feeling very ill lately. He has had a severe headache for a week now and has been vomiting, has had trouble concentrating, and has started losing some of his vision. This morning he had a seizure. You tell Chris he should go to the hospital immediately because he probably has:

A)the flu.
B)multiple sclerosis.
C)a brain tumor.
D)Huntington disease.

Question 32

_____ are tumors that begin in one part of the body and spread to another part of the body.

A)Meningiomas
B)Gliomas
C)Metastatic tumors
D)Gangliomas

Question 33

Which of the following are responsible for producing cerebrospinal fluid?

A)ependymal cells
B)microglia
C)astrocytes
D)Schwann cells

Question 34

According to the textbook, which of the following statements is TRUE?

A)Most types of glial cells continue to be formed throughout life.
B)Neither neurons nor glial cells continue to be formed after the first few years of life.
C)Some new neurons are formed throughout life, but glial cells are not.
D)Only one type of glial cell continues to form throughout life.

Question 35

The fluid in which the cell's internal structures are suspended is called:

A)lysosome.
B)endoplasmic reticulum.
C)cerebrospinal fluid.
D)intracellular fluid.

Question 36

Ependymal cells are associated with the:

A)blood-brain barrier.
B)production of cerebrospinal fluid.
C)production of myelin.
D)healing of damaged tissue.

Question 37

Which of the following is NOT an interneuron?

A)Purkinje cell
B)stellate cell
C)pyramidal cell
D)Schwann cell

Question 38

In which sequence does information pass through neuronal networks?

A)sensory neurons, motor neurons, interneurons
B)sensory neurons, interneurons, motor neurons
C)motor neurons, interneurons, sensory neurons
D)interneurons, sensory neurons, motor neurons

Question 39

For every neuron in the central nervous system, there is (are) _____ glial cell(s).

A)1
B)5
C)10
D)100

Question 40

Some _____ cells act as "glue" that helps bind neurons together.

A)glial
B)pyramidal
C)stellate
D)Purkinje

Question 41

Microglia originate in:

A)the ventricles.
B)most areas of brain tissue.
C)the blood.
D)the cerebrospinal fluid.

Question 42

What occurs when the CNS is damaged?

A)Regrowth and repair do not occur.
B)Regrowth and repair happen immediately.
C)Regrowth and repair are delayed, but eventually full functionality is restored.
D)Whether regrowth and recovery occur depends on the individual's life history.

Question 43

Phagocytosis, or the breakdown of any foreign tissue or dead brain cells, is carried out by:

A)astrocytes.
B)microglial cells.
C)ependymal cells.
D)oligodendroglial cells.

Question 44

The _____ is a structure that gathers, stores, and releases energy.

A)nucleus
B)endoplasmic reticulum
C)mitochondrion
D)Golgi body

Question 45

Myelinated neurons _____ than neurons without myelin.

A)transmit signals more quickly
B)short-circuit more easily
C)are more likely to mutate
D)absorb nutrients more efficiently

Question 46

Mitochondria and lysosomes are analogous to:

A)power and transportation.
B)transportation and power.
C)fence and power.
D)power and fence.

Question 47

Which three elements constitute more than 90 percent of a cell?

A)oxygen, potassium, sodium
B)oxygen, hydrogen, sodium
C)oxygen, hydrogen, carbon
D)carbon, hydrogen, sodium

Question 48

_____ operate as part of the brain's immune system.

A)Astrocytes
B)Microglia
C)Oligodendroglia
D)Ependymal cells

Question 49

Which of the following refers to layers of membrane where proteins are assembled?

A)lysosomes
B)soma
C)endoplasmic reticulum
D)mitochondria

Question 50

Myelin is produced by:

A)oligodendroglia and Schwann cells.
B)oligodendroglia and microglia.
C)astroglia and Schwann cells.
D)microglia and astroglia.

Question 51

_____ help generate myelin in the central nervous system, whereas _____ help generate myelin in the peripheral nervous system.

A)Schwann cells; oligodendroglial cells
B)Astrocytes; Schwann cells
C)Oligodendroglial cells; Schwann cells
D)Oligodendroglial cells; microglial cells

Question 52

The smallest quantity of an element that retains the properties of the element is a(n):

A)neutron.
B)atom.
C)proton.
D)electron.

Question 53

Greg accidentally cuts his fingertip with a knife. The next day he notices that his fingertip seems numb to the touch. Greg is very concerned about this, but you tell him not to worry because nerves in the _____ regenerate thanks to _____.

A)central nervous system; oligodendroglial cells.
B)central nervous system; Schwann cells
C)peripheral nervous system; Schwann cells
D)peripheral nervous system; oligodendroglial cells

Question 54

Cell wastes are handled by:

A)Golgi bodies.
B)lysosomes.
C)microtubules.
D)endoplasmic reticulum.

Question 55

Which of the following statements is TRUE?

A)In the central nervous system Schwann cells serve as guideposts to show axons where to terminate when regeneration occurs.
B)In the peripheral nervous system Schwann cells serve as signposts to guide axons to their appropriate end points.
C)Schwann cells cannot help damaged axons because neither the central nor the peripheral nervous system can regenerate.
D)Schwann cells are present only in the developing organism and thus have nothing to do with regeneration.

Question 56

_____ are involved in transporting molecules and help give a cell its shape.

A)axons
B)Golgi bodies
C)proteins
D)microtubules

Question 57

The cell membrane is important because it:

A)controls the amount of water in the cell.
B)regulates the concentration of salts on two sides of the membrane.
C)controls the amount of water in the cell and regulates the concentration of salts on two sides of the membrane.
D)forms myelin sheaths in the cell.

Question 58

The place in a cell where protein packages are wrapped and shipped is called the:

A)endoplasmic reticulum.
B)mitochondrion.
C)Golgi bodies.
D)lysosome.

Question 59

The _____ help(s) regulate the concentration of different ions inside and outside the neuron.

A)cell membrane
B)nuclear membrane
C)microfilaments
D)lysosomes

Question 60

The _____ contain(s) the chromosomes and genes of a cell.

A)nucleus
B)Golgi body
C)lysosomes
D)endoplasmic reticulum

Question 61

Which of the following represents an incorrect nucleotide base pairing?

A)adenine and thymine
B)guanine and cytosine
C)guanine and adenine
D)uracil and adenine

Question 62

Golgi bodies essentially act as a(n) _____ for neurons.

A)administrative office
B)marketing department
C)postal service
D)repair shop

Question 63

Which is NOT a standard component of every amino acid?

A)side chain
B)carboxyl group
C)central carbon atom
D)polypeptide

Question 64

Protein molecules can:

A)act as a gate.
B)act as a pump.
C)change shape.
D)All of the answers are correct.

Question 65

Proteins are assembled in:

A)the endoplasmic reticulum.
B)Golgi bodies.
C)the nucleus.
D)the cytosol.

Question 66

Expressed genetic traits of an individual are referred to as their:

A)genotype.
B)phenotype.
C)wild type.
D)mutation.

Question 67

An analogous term for receptor is:

A)door.
B)hinge.
C)keyhole.
D)doorknob.

Question 68

A series of amino acids is called a:

A)peptide bond.
B)polypeptide chain.
C)carboxyl group.
D)side group.

Question 69

All of the cells in our body are made from a book of blueprints contained in:

A)growth cells in the pituitary gland, at the base of the brain.
B)glial cells surrounding the neurons.
C)chromosomes of each individual cell.
D)pyramidal cells in the brain.

Question 70

Membranes of a cell are made of special molecules called:

A)cytosols.
B)phospholipids.
C)hydrophilics.
D)hydrophobics.

Question 71

Which base takes the place of thymine during RNA transcription?

A)guanine
B)cytosine
C)uracil
D)adenine

Question 72

Golgi bodies package _____ and ship them to other parts of the neuron via _____.

A)proteins; microtubules
B)waste materials; microtubules
C)proteins; filaments
D)waste materials; lysosomes

Question 73

Humans have approximately:

A)20,000 genes.
B)75,000 genes.
C)125,000 genes.
D)175,000 genes.

Question 74

The code for the synthesis of proteins is stored in:

A)ribosomes.
B)genes.
C)microtubules.
D)endoplasm.

Question 75

A chain of amino acids forms a:

A)protein.
B)carboxyl group.
C)peptide bond.
D)carbohydrate.

Question 76

Human cells contain:

A)46 chromosomes.
B)23 chromosomes.
C)92 chromosomes.
D)13 chromosomes.

Question 77

DNA is composed of four nucleotide bases. Which one of the following is NOT a nucleotide base?

A)thymine
B)adenine
C)histamine
D)cytosine

Question 78

Some membrane channels can selectively allow in one type of ion (e.g., K+) but not others. The ability to restrict passage to only certain ions largely depends on:

A)where on the membrane the channel is.
B)what type of neuron the channel is on.
C)the size and shape of the channel.
D)the pigmentation of the channel.

Question 79

Humans utilize _____ different amino acids for the synthesis of proteins.

A)100
B)20
C)300
D)4000

Question 80

Membrane channels are made up of:

A)phospholipids.
B)proteins.
C)microtubules.
D)carbohydrates.