Deck 1: Group Dynamics

Question 1

Roles and norms are alike in that they are both

A) Expectations guiding one's behavior
B) Common beliefs determining one's world view
C) Determined by one's status in a group
D) Present only in pseudo- and traditional work groups

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Whereas _______ differentiate members' rights and obligations; _______ integrate the actions of all members.

A) Group structure; norms
B) Group structure; roles
C) Norms; roles
D) Roles; norms

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Group norms will

A) Maintain behavioral consistency
B) Strengthen authority
C) Ensure autokinetic effect
D) Make group members more liberal in their political views

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Milgram's (1974) study on obedience to authority showed the power of

A) Status
B) Norms
C) Roles
D) Group structure

Question 5

Which of the following statement is NOT true for norms? Norms

A) Are social products
B) Regulate all aspects of behavior in a group
C) Are often internalized by group members
D) Have an "ought to" or "must" quality

Question 6

High status members of a group tend to

A) Work in high performance groups
B) Be treated more tolerantly
C) Demonstrate autokinetic effect
D) Permit a wide range of behavior for the other group members

Question 7

Courtesy, mutual respect and responsibility are all examples of

A) Roles
B) Norms
C) Group structure
D) Status

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT a group?

A) Members of Brazil's soccer team playing against England
B) Students of an inner-city high school
C) Mexican Americans living in L.A.
D) Passengers waiting for flights to take off

Question 9

In a class, nerd, clown, princess and jockey are all examples of

A) Roles
B) Norms
C) Group structure
D) Status

Question 10

James Barrett is a tax auditor working for the IRS. When his wife asks for help for her private company's tax evasion, Mr. Barrett will probably experience _______.

A) Norm conflict
B) Role conflict
C) Status conflict
D) Identity crisis

Question 11

What percentage of the subjects in the role of "teachers" administered the maximum voltage (450 volts) to the learners in Milgram's (1954) famous study on obedience to authority?

A) 30%
B) 45%
C) 60%
D) 75%

Question 12

Social psychologists subscribing to the group orientation believe that

A) Studying individuals is not sufficient to understand how groups work
B) The sum of individual behavior equals groups behavior, consequently social
Psychologists should focus on individual behavior
C) You can't stumble over a group
D) Using individual members as the unit of analysis is appropriate as long as the
Group in question is homogeneous

Question 13

Which of the following is the best example for a group?

A) College students listening to Professor Hamilton's lecture
B) Shoppers at the local grocery store taking advantage of the sale
C) Members of Brazil's soccer team playing against England
D) People from a suburb commuting to work

Question 14

Status refers to

A) Popularity within the group
B) Group achievement achieved through cooperation
C) One group member's power within the group
D) A social norm

Question 15

According to Solomon Ash's metaphor of water for understanding groups,

A) The properties of the constituting members of a group will sufficiently explain
The behavior and effect of a group
B) A group as a unit is always a unique entity, thus examining the members of a
Group will not help us learn more about the group
C) We need to understand both the characteristics of the members, and of
Their combination as an entity
D) Pseudogroups don't stick together because they don't have any interest in
Working together.

Question 16

Group structure can be defined as

A) A stable pattern of interaction among group members
B) The sum of the roles members take on
C) The norms members willingly accept
D) The expectations defining the appropriate behavior of an occupant of position
Toward the occupant of another position

Question 17

Which is NOT a defining attribute of a group?

A) Mutual goal
B) Unstructured relationships
C) Positive interdependence
D) Interpersonal interaction.

Question 18

Understanding group dynamics is central to all of the following EXCEPT

A) Maintaining a viable family
B) Long term maintenance of psychological health
C) Effective business
D) Facilitating mother-child bonding

Question 19

Which is a characteristic of a group but NOT of an aggregate?

A) Share some common characteristics
B) Are present at the same time and at the same place
C) Find belonging to the group emotionally rewarding
D) Share the same norms and rules to the same extent

Question 20

Mr. Fox is recognized as a master teacher yet the school board does not act on his suggestions for change. You could say that he is a __________individual in the school where he works.

A) Low status with high power
B) Low status with low power
C) High status with high power
D) High status with low power

Question 21

A shared characteristic of pseudogroups and traditional work groups is that members are

A) Positively interdependent
B) Evaluated as individuals
C) Committed to the group's success only to a mediocre extent
D) Exploited by each other

Question 22

What should a coordinator do to deal with conflict in a group?

A) Ignore them
B) Tighten control and enforce group norms
C) Mediate them
D) Take ownership of the group's success

Question 23

Newcomb's (1943) study at Bennington College showed that

A) Groups punish nonconforming behavior
B) Groups reward conforming behavior
C) Groups one identifies with affect one's political orientation
D) Reference groups determine the extent of autokinetic effect

Question 24

Which type of group makes free rides for loafers possible?

A) Pseudogroups
B) Traditional work groups
C) Effective groups
D) High-performance groups

Question 25

Which of the following groups are rare?

A) Pseudogroups
B) Traditional work groups
C) Effective groups
D) High-performance groups

Question 26

Based on Johnson's seven-stage model, when should the coordinator establish the group goals and positive interdependence?

A) Defining and structuring procedures
B) Conforming to procedures and getting acquainted
C) Recognizing mutuality and building trust
D) Committing to and taking ownership of the goals

Question 27

A crucial difference between traditional work groups and effective groups is that traditional work group members are ______, whereas in effective groups ______

A) Not held accountable; they are held accountable as individuals
B) Not held accountable; they are held accountable as a group
C) Held accountable as individuals; they are held accountable as a group
D) Held accountable as a group; they are held accountable as individuals

Question 28

Among the guidelines for creating effective groups is

A) Give one member the power to make the group work
B) Designate the leader so every knows who to follow
C) Ensure that conflicts are avoided so that the group can make adequate
Progress
D) Match decision making procedures with the needs of the situation

Question 29

A crucial difference between pseudogroups and traditional work groups is that pseudogroup members _______, whereas in traditional work groups _________.

A) Don't talk to each other; they communicate to a certain extent
B) Compete against each other; they communicate about how the work will
Get done
C) Commit themselves to the shared goals of the group and communicate only to
Achieve that; they withhold information from each other
D) Are forced to work together; they work together happily

Question 30

The field of group dynamics came into being primarily to study

A) How to strengthen democratic organizations
B) How early humans interacted
C) How war develops
D) How to further free enterprise

Question 31

Which of the following groups is characterized by positive interdependence?
a. Pseudogroups
b. Traditional work groups
c. Effective groups
d. High-performance groups
e. A and C
f. B and C
g. B and D
h. C and D

Question 32

The following are all defining characteristics of effective groups EXCEPT one. Which one?

A) Positive interdependence
B) Clear operational goals
C) Almost impossible to achieve
D) Members are happy to work together

Question 33

Muzafer Sherif's (1936) study on the autokinetic effect showed that norms

A) Develop out of interaction
B) Are imposed by confederates
C) Are internalized by naïve subjects only
D) Will affect students with liberal political leanings

Question 34

Members of this kind of group would be more efficient if they worked alone than when working in group setting.

A) Pseudogroups b. Traditional work groups
C) Effective groups
D) High performance groups

Question 35

Which of the following traits do effective groups share?
a. It achieves its goal
b. Decisions are always made by the highest authority
c. Groupthink is prevalent
d. Members maintain good working relationships
e. Conflicts are resolved through distributive negotiations
f. The group adapts to changing conditions
g. Leadership is delegated.
h. a, d and f
i. a, b and g
j. d, f and g
k. all of the above
l none of the above

Question 36

After a year at college, Taylor considered his dorm roommates as his best friends. He liked the same kind of music, books, clothing, dance as they did, and thought very similarly about politics. He soon lost touch with his old friends from high school. His college roommates became his

A) Idols
B) Conforming group
C) Bennington group
D) Reference group

Question 37

The following are guidelines for effective group functioning. All of them are valid EXCEPT one. Which one?

A) Match the procedure of decision making with the needs of the situation.
B) Members' power should be based on personality characteristics.
C) Make sure that all members are involved in the group's work, and committed to
Implementing the group's decisions.
D) Engage in controversy by disagreeing and challenging each other's
Conclusions.

Question 38

A shared element between Tuckman's five-stage model and Johnson's seven-stage model is that

A) The coordinator has to explain the procedures to be used, and establish
Positive interdependence
B) At one point members rebel against working with the group toward
Achieving the group goal
C) Group norms become internalized in the first two stages
D) Both are recurring phase models

Question 39

Tuckman's five-stage model of group development is different from Johnson's seven-stage model in that Tuckman's model is primarily applicable to groups with

A) Passive leaders
B) Strong coordinators
C) Social interdependence
D) Mutual accountability

Question 40

Motivation for the group's success becomes intrinsic rather than extrinsic during which state of group development?

A) Defining and structuring
B) Conforming and getting acquainted
C) Rebelling and differentiating
D) Committing to the groups goals, procedures and members

Question 41

Ineffective groups are characterized by one-way communication.

Question 42

There is a general consensus among social psychologists concerning the existence of groups.

Question 43

The 1980s and 1990s brought about a resurgence in the study of group dynamics because

A) Festinger's theories of social comparison clarified the role of attitudes and
Values
B) Lewin, Lipitt and White's study on leadership models showed that important
Social issues can be studied experiementally
C) Asch's study on conformity convinced social psychologists that there was a
Strong need to investigate social interdependence
D) Several methodological and statistical problems have been solved

Question 44

An example of an online group having a positive effect on an individual's personal geography is

A) A scholar attends a conference being held overseas where other experts will be presenting new, ground-breaking research in her field
B) A man suffering from a medical affliction joins a local support group which hosts a discussion forum where members can interact outside of group
C) A college student studying abroad uses Skype to stay in touch with her family.
D) An American scientist working on a new theory uses email and web-conferencing to share ideas with a group of scientists working on a similar theory in Singapore.

Question 45

Roles are always formally assigned to group members.

Question 46

Roles and norms are interrelated but different concepts.

Question 47

Contestants in a talent show have been asked to write a speech on Martin Luther King. Based on Zajonc's research on social facilitation-impairment we can expect that contestants perform _________ on the speech writing task when watched by an audience ________ when they write the speech without an audience.

A) Better; than
B) Slightly better; than
C) Worse; than
D) The same; as

Question 48

Contestants in a talent show have been asked to type the name "Martin Luther King" as many times as they can in 3 minutes. Based on Zajonc's research on social facilitation-impairment we can expect that the contestants perform ________________ on the typing task when watched by an audience ________ when they type without an audience.

A) Better; than
B) Worse; than
C) Slightly worse; than
D) The same; as

Question 49

The study of group dynamics became prominent in the 1940s because there was a strong need to understand how

A) Theory can be applied to practice
B) Autocratic organizations work
C) Democratic organizations work
D) Social facilitation affects performance on simple tasks

Question 50

Triplett's study on the effect of other people's presence on motor performance tasks showed that individuals performed ___________ when racing against other people _________ when racing against the clock.

A) Better; than
B) Worse; than
C) Slightly worse; than
D) The same; as

Question 51

The individualistic orientation of studying groups posits that groups can be understood by considering only the qualities and characteristics of each member.

Question 52

In an effective group, the individual members' goals are matched with group goals.

Question 53

On problem-solving and decision-making tasks, which is more productive?

A) Individuals
B) Groups
C) Both are the same

Question 54

Knowledge of group dynamics is central to effective businesses and industries.

Question 55

The function of roles is to ensure that group members are connected to each other in a way so that the group's goals are achieved.

Question 56

Kurt Lewin's term "action research" means that

A) Research should take place through observation in real life settings
B) Theories should have practical significance in solving social problems
C) Researchers should enter the life space of the experimental subjects
D) Practitioners are more important than theorists when it comes to solving social Problems.

Question 57

Norman Triplett's 1898 study is important because it was the first attempt to experimentally study the impact of

A) Similarity on conformity
B) Group polarization when faced with conflict of interest
C) Social interdependence on task performance
D) Social loafing in decision making

Question 58

Once you assume a role, you are expected to act accordingly - deviations are not approved of.

Question 59

Studies have shown that the opinions of low status people tend to be ignored more often than that of high status people.

Question 60

Traditional work groups are more productive than pseudogroups.

Question 61

Explain what a role conflict is and give an example.

Question 62

Explain how group orientation is different from individualistic orientation.

Question 63

Explain the difference between recurring-phase and sequential stage theories.

Question 64

List and briefly explain the seven guidelines for creating effective groups.

Question 65

The study of group dynamics started in the age of the Enlightenment, in the 18th century.

Question 66

A group challenging the authority of the group leader means that the leader did not do his/her job right.

Question 67

Explain why it is important to study group dynamics.

Question 68

Explain the differences among pseudogroups, traditional work groups, effective groups and high performance groups.

Question 69

Norms differ in their importance - some are essential to observe, while others tolerate more deviation.

Question 70

Triplett's study showed that an audience improved performance on motor
performance tasks.

Question 71

In effective groups, disagreements are avoided.

Question 72

All groups have some norms.

Question 73

One's status is determined by one's role in an organization.

Question 74

In Johnson's seven-stage model not all stages last the same amount of time.

Question 75

Social psychology can be studied experimentally.

Question 76

According to Lewin, social psychologists need to do research that helps solve social problems.

Question 77

What are group norms and how do they influence individual behavior?

Question 78

Explain what a role conflict is, and provide one example.

Question 79

Define what a small group is.

Question 80

In any group, the same norms apply to everyone.