Deck 8: Controversy and Creativity

Question 1

Aristotle's Deliberate Discourse is:

A) Giving an oration at the Coliseum
B) Engaging in philosophical questions and answers
C) Taking action after discussing the issue with everyone involved
D) Discussing advantages and disadvantages of proposed actions

Answer 1

D

Question 2

The process lease likely to produce intellectual conflict is

A) Debate
B) Controversy
C) Concurrence-seeking
D) Individual decision-making

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Within a cooperative context, controversy promotes

A) Open-minded listening to opposing positions
B) Motivation to learn more
C) More accurate understanding of the opponent's position
D) b and c
E) All of the above

Answer 3

E

Question 4

Advocating a position and defending it against refutation require

A) Certainty in the correctness of your views
B) Cognitive rehearsal and elaboration
C) Concurrence-seeking
D) Inductive reasoning

Question 5

Marcella has decided that she wants her employees to discuss ideas openly and honestly. So she has them practice the process of

A) Debate
B) Controversy
C) Concurrence-seeking
D) Friendly competition

Question 6

When individuals in a controversy are confronted by different ideas and conclusions, they

A) Develop epistemic curiosity
B) Become more close-minded
C) Bond with those who agree with them
D) Become disinterested in the process

Question 7

Which is NOT a step in the controversy procedure?

A) Research and prepare a position
B) Present and advocate positions
C) Argue for the other side
D) An impartial judge decides the winner

Question 8

Individuals who disagree will engage in perspective-taking

A) In a cooperative context
B) In a competitive context
C) When they wish to discount the other's ideas
D) In concurrence-seeking

Question 9

Individuals who hold strong beliefs about an issue are apt to

A) Accept confirming information at face value
B) Be highly critical of disconfirming evidence
C) Seek out unbiased concurrence-seeking groups
D) a & b
E) All of the above

Question 10

Controversy is constructive when there is

A) Cooperation and conflict
B) Competition and conflict
C) Cooperation and conflict
D) Group processing

Question 11

Integrating a number of different ideas and facts into a single position is

A) Synthesizing
B) Dualistic thinking
C) Elaboration
D) Overt controversy

Question 12

When disagreeing with others in a controversy, it is most important to

A) Confirm their competence
B) Incorporate their views into your own
C) Develop clever ways to refute their ideas
D) Be diplomatic

Question 13

Controversy is a conflict characterized by

A) Incompatible opinions where a winner is sought
B) Incompatible opinions where agreement is sought
C) Incompatible opinions where avoiding conflict is sought
D) Individuals decide without discussion

Question 14

Presenting a position and providing reasons why others should adopt it is

A) Cognitive rehearsal
B) Decision-making
C) Advocacy
D) Deductive thinking

Question 15

Perspective-taking is most present in

A) Debate
B) Controversy
C) Concurrence-seeking
D) Individual decision-making

Question 16

Roberto and Alicia disagree on a topic important to each of them. To strengthen their relationship they should engage in

A) Debate
B) Concurrence Seeking
C) Controversy
D) Agreeing to disagree

Question 17

In controversy, members critically analyze one another's positions in order to

A) Win the controversy for their side
B) Refute them
C) Determine weaknesses and strengths
D) Reduce conflict

Question 18

The purpose of having group members engage in controversy is to

A) Help the stronger arguers determine the group's decision
B) Help the weaker arguers have their say
C) Find a position all members can implement
D) Keep harmony among group members

Question 19

The process which brings the most open-minded to opposing views is

A) Debate
B) Controversy
C) Concurrence-seeking
D) Individualistic decision-making

Question 20

A characteristic of both controversy and debate is

A) Consensus-seeking
B) Concurrence-seeking
C) Researching and presenting positions
D) Reversing perspectives

Question 21

Controversy is constructive when there is

A) Members realize their first answer is probably the right answer
B) Members seek to compromise among ideas
C) The smartest member's ideas are adopted
D) Members have time to reflect on the ideas and perspectives

Question 22

When group members replace old beliefs with new ones, it is the

A) Analytic phase
B) Framework phase
C) Belief phase
D) Synthesizing phase

Question 23

Minority influence occurs when members in the minority

A) Silence nonconformists
B) Go along with the majority opinion
C) Create a sub-group of dissenters
D) Persuade members of the majority to agree with them
E) All of the above

Question 24

A problem with brainstorming is

A) Everyone thins their ideas are the best ones
B) People may not be able to access their ideas
C) People build on others' ideas instead of contributing their own
D) Too many ideas confuse the issue

Question 25

In brainstorming, priming is

A) Presenting ideas from low-accessible categories
B) Separating secondary ideas from prime ideas
C) Letting the people who know the most about a topic do the brainstorming
D) Paying attention to the people with the best ideas

Question 26

The process of controversy is important for a democracy because

A) A democracy is the only political system where controversy is allowed
B) Truth is most likely to emerge with free and open discussion
C) Most people disagree with political decisions
D) The minority can overwhelm the majority

Question 27

For constructive controversy, there has to be both cooperation and conflict.

Question 28

Rational argument requires group members to

A) Change their minds based on logical arguments
B) Use logic to refute ideas that they did not have
C) Make conclusions early in the process
D) Integrate ideas to include everyone's initial position

Question 29

A problem with group brainstorming exists when

A) Members interrupt each other
B) Members blurt out ideas
C) There isn't much time for doing it
D) Only one member talks at a time

Question 30

Minority opinions are most persuasive when

A) They hold steadily to their view
B) They are willing to compromise a little
C) More than one person holds the opinion
D) a & c
E) All of the above

Question 31

Controversy occurs when two sides disagree with each other's ideas and opinions and ask a mediator to determine who is right.

Question 32

What is NOT a characteristic of an open-minded group?

A) Emphasize differences between what they do and do not believe
B) Remembers and considers information that disagrees with currently held
Beliefs
C) Organizes new beliefs to solve the problem
D) Seeks out opposing beliefs

Question 33

What is NOT a characteristic of closed-minded people?

A) Less able to organize and integrate new beliefs
B) Evaluate information consistent with their beliefs more positively
C) Tend to accept statements from authorities as true
D) Are more interested in compromise

Question 34

Rational argument includes all EXCEPT

A) Generating ideas
B) Collecting and organizing relevant information
C) Allowing the best arguers to win
D) Using inductive and deductive logic

Question 35

Perspective-taking means

A) Looking at the issue from a disinterested third person perspective
B) Looking at the issue from the other person's perspective
C) Looking at all the reasons in favor of your perspective
D) Taking the ideas of the other side and integrating them into your side

Question 36

What is NOT a characteristic of brainstorming?

A) All criticism is ruled out
B) Wild ideas are accepted
C) Focus is on several problems or issues
D) Builds on others' ideas

Question 37

To make sure the group engages in productive controversy, it is most important that they

A) Brainstorm all possible ideas
B) Have each individual publicly state their opinion
C) Have everyone argue for opposing positions
D) Reach a decision containing everyone's ideas

Question 38

An important requirement for creative problem solving is

A) Freewheeling members
B) Open-minded members
C) Evaluating members
D) Homogeneous members

Question 39

What is NOT a reason for brainstorming?

A) Encourage divergent thinking
B) Produce many different ideas in a short time
C) Get all group members to participate
D) Allow group members to see who gives the best ideas

Question 40

Paying attention to the ideas of other in important in brainstorming because

A) It keeps the group from repeating rejected ideas
B) It allows the minority to include their ideas
C) It activates low-accessible ideas
D) It makes no difference

Question 41

Explain the differences between controversy, concurrence seeking, debate, and individualistic decision making.

Question 42

What are ways in which a group can stifle good ideas?

Question 43

What are the effects of a competitive context on those involved in controversy?

Question 44

Brainstorming is more effective in a group than when individuals brainstorm on their own.

Question 45

In group discussions, if there is a margin of support for one alternative, other ideas have little chance of being accepted.

Question 46

The greater the cooperative elements and the lesser the competitive elements, the more constructive the conflict.

Question 47

What are the effects of a cooperative context on those involved in controversy?

Question 48

Why is a cooperative context important for the success of a controversy?

Question 49

Minority opinions are most persuasive when they are unwilling to compromise.

Question 50

Concurrence-seeking is close to the groupthink concepts of Janis.

Question 51

The purpose of controversy is to judge sides and adopt the best one.

Question 52

In controversy, when a decision is made, the controversy ends and participants commit themselves to a common course of action.

Question 53

Explain how the process of controversy leads to better thinking.

Question 54

Why is debate unsatisfactory for good decision-making?

Question 55

Explain the process (steps) of controversy.

Question 56

A cooperative context is more likely to result in concurrence-seeking than in information seeking.

Question 57

Why is individual decision-making lacking?

Question 58

Controversy has been found to diminish good relationships among those involved in the controversy.

Question 59

Why is creating uncertainty in a group member a good thing?

Question 60

Explain why groups avoid conflict in decision-making situations.

Question 61

Explain the differences between open-minded and close-minded groups.

Question 62

What are some important procedures for motivating creativity?

Question 63

How does the controversy procedure foster support for the minority opinion?

Question 64

How does controversy affect creativity?

Question 65

Why is it important to confirm the other's competence when disagreeing with them?

Question 66

How can those with a minority opinions influence the majority opinion?

Question 67

What are the elements of rational argument?

Question 68

Explain why priming and attention are important for diversity of ideas in brainstorming.