Deck 16: Reproductive Systems

Question 1

Which one of the following stages in the figure above occurs due to a surge of LH midway through the ovarian cycle?

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Answer 1

C

Question 2

The opening of the uterus is referred to as the

A) endometrium.
B) oviduct.
C) cervix.
D) fimbriae.
E) clitoris.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Synthesis of new sperm cells occurs in the

A) ductus deferens.
B) urethra.
C) prostate gland.
D) epididymis.
E) seminiferous tubules.

Answer 3

E

Question 4

Prior to the onset of lactation, the mammary glands are prepared for the production of milk by

A) the hormonal action of estrogen and progesterone.
B) the completion of ovulation.
C) degeneration of the corpus luteum.
D) deactivation of FSH, LH, and GnRH.
E) synthesis of FSH.

Question 5

Which one of the following is TRUE regarding mature human gametes?

A) produced by the process of mitosis
B) contain the haploid number of chromosomes
C) produced in the testes and oviducts
D) are also known as primary spermatocytes and primary oocytes
E) contain 46 chromosomes

Question 6

When the oocyte is released from the ovary, it is transported to the uterus through the

A) fimbriae.
B) flagella.
C) oviduct.
D) ductus deferens.
E) endometrium.

Question 7

At the beginning of each ovarian cycle, which one of the following hormones causes the development of a primary oocyte?

A) estrogen
B) LH
C) prolactin
D) progesterone
E) FSH

Question 8

If pregnancy does occur, a layer of tissue from the embryo called the chorion begins to secrete which one of the following hormones?

A) GnRH
B) estrogen
C) FSH
D) hCG
E) LH

Question 9

The release of LH in human males signals that

A) inhibin has inhibited FHS secretion.
B) the hypothalamus has been stimulated to release inhibin.
C) sperm production must be reduced.
D) the positive feedback loop that regulates sperm production is active.
E) blood levels of testosterone are low.

Question 10

Which one of the following structures degenerates if a fertilized egg does not embed in the uterus?

A) ovary
B) oviduct
C) zona pellucida
D) corpus luteum
E) secondary oocyte

Question 11

The seminal vesicles produce which one of the following to serve as the energy source to fuel sperm motility?

A) fat
B) fructose
C) glutamine
D) prostaglandin
E) glucose

Question 12

Nourishment is provided to a primary oocyte via which one of the following?

A) the endometrium layer in the uterus
B) the afferent capillaries
C) the zona pellucida
D) the cervical plug
E) a layer of granulosa cells

Question 13

As sperm are produced, they go through several stages. Which one of the following stages develops directly into mature motile sperm?

A) primary spermatocytes
B) spermatogonia
C) spermatids
D) secondary spermatocytes
E) Sertoli cells

Question 14

A fertilized egg must embed in which one of the following organs for pregnancy to occur?

A) vagina
B) uterus
C) ovaries
D) myometrium
E) oviduct

Question 15

The ultimate goal of the male reproductive system is to

A) ensure that sperm is produced at the correct time, coinciding with ovulation.
B) deliver sperm into the female's reproductive system.
C) produce testosterone to influence gender development.
D) produce large numbers of sperm.
E) maintain the homeostatic condition of the male's body.

Question 16

Which one of the following hormones would be tested for in a home pregnancy test?

A) estrogen
B) hCG
C) progesterone
D) LH
E) FSH

Question 17

External genitalia of the male reproductive system include the

A) ejaculatory duct.
B) urethra and scrotum.
C) penis and scrotum.
D) penis.
E) penis, urethra, and ejaculatory duct.

Question 18

The influence of testosterone on undifferentiated spermatogonia and Sertoli cells results in the hormone dictating

A) mitosis in immature sperm.
B) rate of sperm production.
C) when and how much LH and FSH are released.
D) the production of ADH.
E) the occurrence of ovulation.

Question 19

Not all sperm produced by the testes are functional. A sperm with a defective acrosome would

A) not be able to swim.
B) produce multiple flagella.
C) not survive the acid pH of a vagina.
D) not be able to penetrate a egg.
E) be able to swim, but would travel in circles, unable to navigate a female reproductive tract.

Question 20

The production and secretion of testosterone depends on the secretion of three other hormones; GnRH is secreted by the ________, and FSH and LH are secreted by the ________.

A) hypothalamus; anterior pituitary gland
B) testes; scrotum
C) posterior pituitary gland; anterior pituitary gland
D) seminal vesicle; prostate gland
E) posterior pituitary gland; hypothalamus

Question 21

Following ovulation, rising levels of estrogen

A) stimulate the endometrium to continue to proliferate.
B) inhibit the production of progesterone.
C) initiate a hormone cascade that triggers LH to rise, then FSH, followed by a sharp decline in GnRH.
D) promote the release of the "old" endometrium.
E) prevent implantation of the zygote.

Question 22

Female sexual arousal causes the vagina and area around the labia to

A) constrict.
B) secrete lubricants for penis insertion.
C) release hormones to intensify intercourse.
D) inhibit the plateau phase of the sexual response.
E) stimulate ovulation.

Question 23

Mature sperm function best

A) at temperatures slightly warmer than body temperature.
B) at temperatures slightly cooler than body temperature.
C) when high concentrations of glucose are available as an energy source.
D) when the pH of semen is below 6.0.
E) when the pH of semen is above 8.2.

Question 24

During male ejaculation, the internal urethral sphincter closes tightly to

A) prevent urine from leaking into the urethra.
B) isolate the ureters from the urinary bladder.
C) block movement of mucus from the bulbourethral gland into the ejaculatory duct.
D) keep sperm from moving into the ductus deferens.
E) allow seminal vesicle to transfer sperm to the epididymis.

Question 25

Which one of the following sexually transmitted diseases is characterized by a primary phase that affects the genitals, and secondary and tertiary phases that spread throughout the body?

A) chlamydia
B) genital warts
C) hepatitis B
D) syphilis
E) gonorrhea

Question 26

Shortly before the midpoint of the menstrual cycle, estrogen from the mature follicle triggers a surge in LH, which stimulates which one of the following events?

A) cervix dilation
B) uterus contractions
C) inhibition of FSH release
D) downward movement of fimbriae
E) ovulation

Question 27

Which one of the following sexually transmitted diseases is currently the most prevalent in the United States?

A) gonorrhea
B) syphilis
C) AIDS
D) genital warts
E) chlamydia

Question 28

Which one of the following forms of birth control is effective over the longest period of time?

A) IUD
B) hysteroscopy
C) cervical cap
D) condom
E) spermicide

Question 29

Ovulation occurs

A) during the middle of the proliferative phase of the menstrual cycle.
B) at dawn on each day following FHS and LH release by the pituitary gland.
C) during the secretory stage of the menstrual cycle.
D) at the beginning of menses.
E) after the formation of the corpus luteum.

Question 30

Which one of the following viruses is associated with cervical cancer?

A) Treponema pallidum
B) Human papilloma virus
C) Herpes simplex virus
D) Chlamydia trachomatis
E) Hepatitis B

Question 31

During ejaculation, smooth muscle in the ejaculatory duct, seminal vesicles, epididymis, prostate, and bulbourethral glands are stimulated by

A) prostaglandins.
B) ejaculatory-stimulation hormone.
C) sympathetic nerves.
D) parasympathetic nerves.
E) LH and FSH.

Question 32

Which one of the following forms of contraception is the most effective in preventing pregnancy?

A) condom
B) rhythm method
C) diaphragm
D) tubal ligation
E) cervical cap

Question 33

You are a reproductive physiologist designing an at-home kit that can be used to help predict when ovulation occurs. Which one of the following could be detected that would indicate the time of ovulation?

A) surge in GnRH from the hypothalamus
B) surge in FSH from the anterior pituitary gland
C) surge in estrogen from the ovary
D) surge in LH from the anterior pituitary gland
E) surge in oxytocin from the posterior pituitary gland

Question 34

If fertilization does not occur following release of the egg by the ovary, then which one of the following degenerates approximately two weeks after ovulation?

A) primary oocyte
B) oviduct
C) endometrium layer
D) corpus luteum
E) choices A through D are correct

Question 35

At which one of the following days in the 28-day cycle is a woman MOST likely to get pregnant?

A) 1 (start of the menses)
B) 7
C) 14
D) 21
E) 28

Question 36

Which one of the following sexually transmitted diseases is caused by bacteria?

A) chlamydia
B) genital herpes
C) hepatitis B
D) genital warts
E) trichomoniasis

Question 37

In which one of the following locations does fertilization usually occur?

A) oviduct
B) ovary
C) uterus
D) cervix
E) vagina

Question 38

Which one of the following methods of enhancing fertility involves the placement of sperm and unfertilized eggs into the oviduct?

A) artificial insemination
B) in vitro fertilization
C) gamete intrafallopian transfer (GIFT)
D) hysteroscopy
E) zygote intrafallopian transfer (ZIFT)

Question 39

Which one of the following sexually transmitted diseases can be cured by the use of antibiotics?

A) genital herpes
B) AIDS
C) pubic lice
D) gonorrhea
E) hepatitis B

Question 40

The human papilloma virus (HPV) causes

A) gonorrhea.
B) vaginal yeast infections.
C) genital herpes.
D) syphilis.
E) genital warts.

Question 41

Fertilization of an egg usually occurs in the upper third of an oviduct.

Question 42

Match each hormone to its function.

A) progesterone
B) GnRH
C) estrogen, progesterone
D) prolactin
E) LH
stimulates testosterone production in males

Question 43

FSH causes granulosa cells to divide and secrete a sugary coating of glycoproteins around the oocyte.

Question 44

The menstrual cycle actually consists of two cycles that are interconnected: the ovarian cycle and the uterine cycle.

Question 45

Match each hormone to its function.

A) progesterone
B) GnRH
C) estrogen, progesterone
D) prolactin
E) LH
causes the endometrium to thicken in preparation for implantation

Question 46

Secretions from the bulbourethral gland lubricate and cleanse the urethra of urine residue prior to the entry of sperm.

Question 47

Trichomoniasis is a bacterial infection that is sexually transmitted; chronic infection often results in blindness, damage to the nervous system, and eventually death.

Question 48

Eggs are moved through the oviduct by rhythmic muscle movements.

Question 49

Match each hormone to its function.

A) progesterone
B) GnRH
C) estrogen, progesterone
D) prolactin
E) LH
stimulates lactation

Question 50

Untreated gonorrhea or untreated Chlamydia infections may result in sterility.

Question 51

Since the chance of any one particular sperm fertilizing an egg is very low, large numbers of sperm are produced by the male reproductive system.

Question 52

Match each hormone to its function.

A) progesterone
B) GnRH
C) estrogen, progesterone
D) prolactin
E) LH
stimulates release of FSH and LH from the anterior pituitary gland

Question 53

Males are considered infertile if they do not produce sufficient numbers of normal, healthy sperm.

Question 54

Match each hormone to its function.

A) progesterone
B) GnRH
C) estrogen, progesterone
D) prolactin
E) LH
prepares mammary glands for lactation

Question 55

LH is released by the anterior pituitary gland to stimulate Sertoli cells to produce sperm.

Question 56

Endometrial tissue sometimes migrates out of the uterus and attaches to other abdominal organs.

Question 57

The inner lining of the uterus is termed the myometrium.

Question 58

As many as one-third of all pregnancies end in miscarriage.

Question 59

Testosterone controls the rate of sperm production.

Question 60

The symptoms of HPV can be treated, but there is no cure.

Question 61

Following their production in the testis, immature sperm cells are transferred just outside the testis to the ________, where they mature.

Question 62

Using the figure above, match each organ (A-F) to its description.
gland that secretes an alkaline fluid as part of the semen

Question 63

Match each disorder associated with the reproductive system to its description.

A) syphilis
B) genital herpes
C) dysmenorrhea
D) endometriosis
E) pelvic inflammatory disease
sexually transmitted disease caused by a viral infection; symptoms include blisters on the genitalia, painful urination, and fever

Question 64

Using the figure above, match each organ (A-F) to its description.
site of testosterone production

Question 65

Using the figure above, match each organ (A-F) to its description.
produces energy source used by sperm inside of a female's reproductive system

Question 66

Match each disorder associated with the reproductive system to its description.

A) syphilis
B) genital herpes
C) dysmenorrhea
D) endometriosis
E) pelvic inflammatory disease
painful menstruation often caused by prostaglandins produced by the uterus

Question 67

Using the figure above, identify the organs of the female reproductive system.
The vagina is indicated by letter ________.

Question 68

Using the figure above, match each organ (A-F) to its description.
site that receives sperm from seminiferous tubules; sperm develop the ability to swim here

Question 69

Using the figure above, identify the organs of the female reproductive system.
The uterus is indicated by letter ________.

Question 70

Match each disorder associated with the reproductive system to its description.

A) syphilis
B) genital herpes
C) dysmenorrhea
D) endometriosis
E) pelvic inflammatory disease
extensive bacterial infection of the female reproductive system

Question 71

Since the pH of the female vagina is not suitable for the survival of sperm, secretions from the ________ gland of the male are a necessary component of semen to raise the pH.

Question 72

Using the figure above, match each organ (A-F) to its description.
structure that transports sperm to the ejaculatory duct; sperm are stored here until ejaculation

Question 73

Using the figure above, match each organ (A-F) to its description.
accessory gland that secretes mucus into the urethra during sexual arousal

Question 74

FSH in males targets ________ cells, which indirectly enhances sperm formation.

Question 75

Using the figure above, identify the organs of the female reproductive system.
The cervix is indicated by letter ________.

Question 76

Match each disorder associated with the reproductive system to its description.

A) syphilis
B) genital herpes
C) dysmenorrhea
D) endometriosis
E) pelvic inflammatory disease
condition that results from the movement of uterine lining into the abdominal cavity; symptoms include pain and infertility

Question 77

Match each disorder associated with the reproductive system to its description.

A) syphilis
B) genital herpes
C) dysmenorrhea
D) endometriosis
E) pelvic inflammatory disease
sexually transmitted disease; develops in three phases; can be treated with penicillin

Question 78

Sperm and egg cells contain half the number of chromosomes found in somatic cells, and are referred to as ________, which comes from the Greek word haploos, meaning "single."

Question 79

Using the figure above, identify the organs of the female reproductive system.
The oviduct is indicated by letter ________.

Question 80

Using the figure above, identify the organs of the female reproductive system.
The organ that releases female gametes is indicated by letter ________.