Deck 14: The Digestive System and Nutrition

Question 1

Mucin in saliva functions to

A) remove food particles from teeth.
B) lower the pH of the saliva.
C) raise the pH of the saliva.
D) aid in food particles sticking together.
E) partially digest carbohydrates in the mouth.

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Which major digestive process involves nutrient molecules passing across the mucosal layer of the gastrointestinal tract into the blood or lymph?

A) elimination
B) absorption
C) digestion
D) secretion
E) mechanical processing and movement

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Pepsin is a digestive enzyme that specifically targets

A) fatty acids.
B) steroids.
C) starch.
D) glycogen.
E) protein.

Answer 3

E

Question 4

"Gurgling of the stomach" is due to

A) peristaltic contractions.
B) the secretion of acids.
C) the action of gastrin on the cells of the stomach.
D) the production of chyme.
E) the closing of the pyloric sphincter.

Question 5

During swallowing,

A) the epiglottis bends to close the trachea.
B) smooth muscle in the esophagus contracts slightly.
C) the tongue flattens to the bottom of the mouth.
D) salivary secretions stop.
E) the hard palate rises to close the nasal passages.

Question 6

Once a bolus of food has been formed in the mouth, it is passed by the tongue and jaws to the

A) esophagus.
B) stomach.
C) pharynx.
D) nasal passageway.
E) small intestine.

Question 7

Gastric juice in the stomach is composed of

A) HCL, fluids secreted from gastric glands, pepsinogen.
B) chyme, HCL, mucus.
C) HCL, secretin, saliva.
D) pepsinogen, secretin, serosa.
E) fluids from gastric glands only.

Question 8

The digestion of fats, proteins, and carbohydrates is completed in the

A) stomach.
B) small intestine.
C) liver.
D) pancreas.
E) large intestine.

Question 9

Which one of the following might result if the lower esophageal sphincter malfunctions?

A) gastric ulcer
B) duodenal ulcer
C) gluten intolerance
D) acid reflux
E) stomach cancer

Question 10

The process by which undigested material is removed from the gastrointestinal tract is

A) secretion.
B) urination.
C) mechanical processing.
D) elimination.
E) absorption.

Question 11

The watery mixture of partially digested food produced in the stomach is called

A) bolus.
B) chyme.
C) segmentation.
D) dentin.
E) mucin.

Question 12

Use the figure above to answer the following question(s).
Which one of the following labeled parts of the tooth is made up of a nonliving compound of phosphate and calcium?

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 13

Which one of the following components of saliva has antibacterial properties?

A) sodium bicarbonate
B) amylase
C) mucin
D) HCl
E) lysozyme

Question 14

Which one of the following is considered an accessory digestive organ?

A) pancreas
B) stomach
C) small intestine
D) esophagus
E) large intestine

Question 15

The ________ is the region of a tooth that lies below the gum line, and the entire tooth sits in a socket in the jawbone, lined with ________, indicated by label ________.

A) bone; periodontal membrane; C
B) pulp cavity; root canal; D
C) root; periodontal membrane; E
D) crown; gingiva; D
E) pulp cavity; root canal; A

Question 16

The salivary glands include

A) the parotid and pancreatic glands.
B) sublingual, submandibular, and pancreatic glands.
C) parotid, submandibular, and subesophageal glands.
D) sublingual, parotid, and submandibular glands.
E) subesophageal, pancreatic, and sublingual glands.

Question 17

The layer of the gastrointestinal tract wall that is responsible for motility is the

A) muscularis.
B) mucosa.
C) serosa.
D) submucosa.
E) glandular.

Question 18

Muscular movements that mix food in the lumen of the small intestine are referred to as

A) elimination.
B) secretion.
C) absorption.
D) muscularis.
E) segmentation.

Question 19

The end products of the digestion of proteins, fats, and carbohydrates are absorbed in the

A) stomach.
B) small intestine.
C) liver.
D) pancreas.
E) large intestine.

Question 20

The process by which food is propelled through the digestive tract by alternating contraction and relaxation of smooth muscle is

A) elimination.
B) secretion.
C) chemical digestion.
D) peristalsis.
E) absorption.

Question 21

Bile is produced by the ________ and stored in the ________.

A) liver; gall bladder
B) small intestine; liver
C) stomach; small intestine
D) gall bladder; liver
E) small intestine; gall bladder

Question 22

Which one of the following vitamins can be produced by the human body?

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 23

Water-soluble vitamins differ from fat-soluble vitamins in that water-soluble vitamins are

A) less readily absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract.
B) stored in fat tissue.
C) stored for a brief period of time.
D) rarely required as daily supplements to the diet.
E) not excreted in urine.

Question 24

As chyme leaves the stomach, the acidic nature of the partially digested food stimulates the duodenum to release the hormone

A) gastrin.
B) secretin.
C) mucin.
D) CCK.
E) ADH.

Question 25

An eating disorder in which someone diets excessively or deliberately stops eating altogether is called

A) anorexia.
B) bulimia.
C) hepatitis C.
D) gastric nervosa.
E) diverticulosis.

Question 26

Which one of the following types of diets is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease?

A) diet that includes complex carbohydrates
B) high-protein diet
C) diet low in refined sugars
D) diet high in saturated fat and cholesterol
E) diet that includes unsaturated fats

Question 27

An eating disorder in which the individual eats and then takes steps to minimize the calories just ingested by inappropriate means like misusing medications is called

A) diverticulosis.
B) bulimia nervosa.
C) anorexia nervosa.
D) overnutrition.
E) lactose intolerance.

Question 28

Elimination of undigested food material from the large intestine is controlled by

A) secretin.
B) CCK.
C) the defecation reflex.
D) trypsin.
E) the appendix.

Question 29

Which of the following meals or snacks is likely to cause the secretion of gastrin and cholecystokinin?

A) orange juice and toast with black coffee
B) bacon cheeseburger and fries
C) vegetable stir fry with rice
D) crackers with strawberry jam
E) pretzels and chips

Question 30

Which one of the following would likely develop in a person with celiac disease who continues to consume gluten?

A) acid reflux
B) malabsorption
C) colon polyps
D) gastric ulcer
E) duodenal ulcer

Question 31

Essential amino acids are

A) used only for the production of hormones.
B) required in the diet because the human body cannot make them.
C) not found in a complete protein.
D) not used for the production of proteins.
E) required for the production of steroids.

Question 32

Saturated fats differ from unsaturated fats in that saturated fats

A) store energy.
B) are found only in plant products.
C) are liquid at room temperature.
D) are made up of glycerol and fatty acids.
E) have two hydrogen atoms for every carbon atom in their fatty acid tails.

Question 33

The pancreatic ducts connect to the small intestine at the

A) pyloric valve.
B) cecum.
C) duodenum.
D) ileum.
E) jejunum.

Question 34

All of the following are involved in the digestion of proteins EXCEPT which one?

A) pepsin
B) amylase
C) carboxypeptidase
D) chymotrypsin
E) trypsin

Question 35

Which food group occupies the largest portion on the USDA "MyPlate"?

A) fruits
B) vegetables
C) grains
D) proteins
E) dairy

Question 36

The pancreas aids in the chemical digestion of food by

A) producing mucin that lubricates the small intestine.
B) releasing digestive enzymes and bicarbonate ions into the duodenum.
C) producing chylomicrons.
D) producing and releasing gastrin into the stomach.
E) mechanically digesting the chyme as it leaves the stomach.

Question 37

Which one of the following results in a higher basal metabolic rate?

A) fasting
B) increasing age
C) hypothyroidism
D) stress
E) crash diet

Question 38

Bile assists in the chemical digestion of triglycerides by

A) hydrolyzing them to glycerol and fatty acids.
B) breaking peptide bonds and hydrolyzing them to amino acids.
C) forming chylomicrons.
D) emulsifying large fat droplets into tiny ones, providing more surface area for enzymes.
E) assisting with the active transport of triglycerides into the blood.

Question 39

Nutrient-rich blood moves from the small intestine to the liver via

A) the pancreatic duct.
B) lacteal vessels.
C) the pulmonary circuit.
D) the hepatic portal system.
E) arterial flow from the gastrointestinal tract to the liver.

Question 40

In the small intestine, amino acids and monosaccharaides are moved into the mucosal cells by the process of

A) diffusion.
B) facilitated diffusion.
C) active transport.
D) endocytosis.
E) exocytosis.

Question 41

Match each layer of the gastrointestinal wall to its description.

A) mucosa
B) muscularis
C) serosa
D) submucosa
all nutrients must cross this layer

Question 42

Bile is an important enzyme that digests lipids.

Question 43

The figure above shows the organs of the digestive system (labeled A-F). Match each organ to its function.
relies on peristalsis to move food to the stomach

Question 44

Gingivitis occurs when tooth decay causes inflammation of the enamel and pulp of the tooth.

Question 45

Match each layer of the gastrointestinal wall to its description.

A) mucosa
B) muscularis
C) serosa
D) submucosa
attaches organs to the body wall; this thin layer of connective tissue is located on the surface of the organs

Question 46

Match each layer of the gastrointestinal wall to its description.

A) mucosa
B) muscularis
C) serosa
D) submucosa
food molecules that are absorbed by mucosa enter the blood vessels of this tissue layer

Question 47

"MyPlate" provides a personalized approach to assist an individual in developing a successful nutrition and exercise plan.

Question 48

Stomach acid does not break down the wall of the stomach because gastric juice contains a powerful base that neutralizes the acid before it can cause damage.

Question 49

The figure above shows the organs of the digestive system (labeled A-F). Match each organ to its function.
mechanical and chemical digestion begins here

Question 50

Diets that include complex carbohydrates instead of simple carbohydrates are recommended because sugar is released more slowly into the body.

Question 51

Segmentation is the primary means of mechanical breakdown of food in the digestive tract.

Question 52

Secretin is released by the liver to stimulate the pancreas to release bicarbonate into the small intestine.

Question 53

Match each layer of the gastrointestinal wall to its description.

A) mucosa
B) muscularis
C) serosa
D) submucosa
responsible for motility in the gastrointestinal tract

Question 54

The figure above shows the organs of the digestive system (labeled A-F). Match each organ to its function.
releases bile into the duodenum

Question 55

The hepatic portal vein carries blood rich in nutrients from the liver to the small intestine; there, the nutrients undergo further processing before they are released into general circulation.

Question 56

The figure above shows the organs of the digestive system (labeled A-F). Match each organ to its function.
produces bile

Question 57

The condition known as acid reflux occurs when the lower esophageal sphincter malfunctions.

Question 58

Mucin is a major component of saliva, which lubricates the teeth and causes food to stick together during swallowing.

Question 59

The figure above shows the organs of the digestive system (labeled A-F). Match each organ to its function.
hydrochloric acid is released to promote digestion of proteins

Question 60

The appendix is considered one of the lesser accessory organs of the digestive tract.

Question 61

The region of the small intestine with the lowest pH is the ________.

Question 62

"Brush border" refers to ________ found on the surface of the epithelial cells of the small intestine.

Question 63

Match each of the following disorders associated with the digestive system to its description.

A) lactose intolerance
B) polyp
C) gingivitis
D) hiatal hernia
E) celiac disease
F) hepatitis
condition that results in part of the stomach protruding through the opening in the diaphragm into the chest cavity

Question 64

Match each of the following enzymes to its description.

A) amylase
B) chymotrypsin
C) lipase
D) pepsin
secreted by salivary glands to begin breakdown of starch

Question 65

Mucosal cells of the stomach secrete ________, which binds to vitamin B₁₂ so that it can be better absorbed in the small intestine.

Question 66

Match each of the following disorders associated with the digestive system to its description.

A) lactose intolerance
B) polyp
C) gingivitis
D) hiatal hernia
E) celiac disease
F) hepatitis
noncancerous growth of the mucous membrane of an organ of the digestive tract; can be detected by a colonoscopy

Question 67

Dental caries are caused by the production of ________ by bacteria in the mouth.

Question 68

The figure above shows the organs of the digestive system (labeled A-F). Match each organ to its function.
secretes bicarbonate and digestive enzymes into the small intestine

Question 69

Circular rings of smooth muscle that can contract to regulate the movement of food through the gastrointestinal tract are called ________.

Question 70

Match each of the following enzymes to its description.

A) amylase
B) chymotrypsin
C) lipase
D) pepsin
breaks down proteins in the small intestine

Question 71

Match each of the following disorders associated with the digestive system to its description.

A) lactose intolerance
B) polyp
C) gingivitis
D) hiatal hernia
E) celiac disease
F) hepatitis
consumption of wheat aggravates an autoimmune condition that damages the villi

Question 72

Match each of the following disorders associated with the digestive system to its description.

A) lactose intolerance
B) polyp
C) gingivitis
D) hiatal hernia
E) celiac disease
F) hepatitis
inflammation of the gum tissue, often due to tooth decay

Question 73

Teeth are located in sockets in the jaws; these sockets are lined by a(n) ________ membrane.

Question 74

Match each of the following enzymes to its description.

A) amylase
B) chymotrypsin
C) lipase
D) pepsin
secreted in an inactive form by gastric glands

Question 75

Match each of the following disorders associated with the digestive system to its description.

A) lactose intolerance
B) polyp
C) gingivitis
D) hiatal hernia
E) celiac disease
F) hepatitis
inability to digest milk sugar due to lack of an enzyme; symptoms include bloating, abdominal cramps, and diarrhea

Question 76

Match each of the following disorders associated with the digestive system to its description.

A) lactose intolerance
B) polyp
C) gingivitis
D) hiatal hernia
E) celiac disease
F) hepatitis
inflammation of the liver; caused by toxic substances or viruses

Question 77

Match each of the following enzymes to its description.

A) amylase
B) chymotrypsin
C) lipase
D) pepsin
breaks down lipids

Question 78

There are measurably more synthetic ________ in conventional foods when compared to organic foods.

Question 79

The digestion of proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates is completed in the ________.

Question 80

Lipids are not soluble in water; therefore, they must be ________ before they can be digested.