Deck 12: Sensory Mechanisms

Question 1

Which of the following receive(s) a physical or chemical stimulus and ultimately cause(s) nerve impulses to be generated in sensory neurons?

A) the brain
B) axons
C) Schwann cells
D) hillocks
E) receptors

Answer 1

E

Question 2

A stronger stimulus results in which one of the following?

A) larger action potentials
B) greater frequency of action potentials
C) action potentials that travel more quickly
D) activation of more receptors and initiation of more action potentials
E) neural fatigue

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Mechanoreceptors specifically designed to monitor muscle length are termed

A) thermoreceptors.
B) muscle spindles.
C) dendrites.
D) muscle fibers.
E) Pacinian corpuscles.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

When a sound wave first arrives at the ear, the wave is directed toward the auditory canal by

A) receptors on the head.
B) tympanic membranes.
C) pinna.
D) auditory tube.
E) vestibular apparatus.

Question 5

Olfactory receptors are located in which one of the following?

A) taste buds
B) muscles
C) upper part of nasal passages
D) skin surrounding nasal openings
E) upper regions of mouth

Question 6

The loudness (intensity) of a sound is specifically associated with the

A) frequency of sound waves.
B) area of the brain interpreting the sensory input.
C) specific hair cells that respond in the cochlea.
D) amplitude of the sound waves.
E) duration of the sound.

Question 7

The structure shown in the figure above is found in which one of the following?

A) skin
B) inner ear
C) retina
D) middle ear
E) vestibulocochlear nerve

Question 8

Texting while driving involves which types of driving distractions?

A) real and imagined
B) spatial, temporal, and peripheral
C) visual, cognitive, and manual
D) steering and speed
E) oral, auditory, and perceptual

Question 9

Whereas the sense of taste is based on ________ (how many?) classes of taste receptors, the sense of smell has over ________ (how many?) different receptors for chemicals associated with odor.

A) 5; 1,000
B) 20; 200
C) 150; 6
D) 10; 10,000
E) 500; 5,000

Question 10

________ extend out from the exposed tip of taste cells into the mouth.

A) Papillae
B) Taste hairs
C) Olfactory bulbs
D) Spindles
E) Tendons

Question 11

Slow pain originating from an internal organ is often perceived as coming from an area of the body totally unrelated to the source. This is known as

A) delayed perception.
B) threshold propagation.
C) indirect tolerance.
D) "shooting" pain.
E) referred pain.

Question 12

Somatic receptors distributed throughout the body are linked to sensory neurons that send impulses to which one of the following regions of the brain?

A) pons
B) medulla oblongata
C) parietal lobe
D) frontal lobe
E) occipital lobe

Question 13

Some sensory receptors stop sending action potentials even though the original stimulus persists. This is known as which one of the following?

A) receptor overload
B) receptor adaptation
C) receptor shutdown
D) receptor oversight
E) receptor discontinuance

Question 14

Sound is amplified by components of the middle ear when they vibrate. When one of these components, the stapes, vibrates, the ________ will vibrate.

A) tympanic membrane
B) pinna
C) oval window
D) eustachian tube
E) cochlea

Question 15

Receptors for fast pain

A) generally arise from muscles or internal organs.
B) give rise to a phenomenon called referred pain.
C) transmit action potentials to the brain along the same neurons used by spinal neurons.
D) generally occur in or near skin.
E) initiate action potentials that travel more quickly.

Question 16

A student noticed that when he closed his eyes, he could still determine the position of his arms and legs. This is largely due to the activity of

A) pain receptors.
B) mechanoreceptors.
C) Merkel disks.
D) Meissner's corpuscles.
E) chemoreceptors.

Question 17

Vibration of the ________ bends hairs of the hair cells, which ultimately generate impulses in ________.

A) basilar membrane; hair cells
B) sensory neurons; tectorial membrane
C) hair cells; sensory neurons
D) organ of Corti; hair cells
E) basilar membrane; sensory neurons

Question 18

Which of the following receptors are MOST likely to demonstrate receptor adaptation?

A) pain receptors
B) olfactory receptors in the nose
C) photoreceptors in the eye
D) stretch receptors in the muscles and tendons
E) mechanoreceptors in the cochlea (ear)

Question 19

Receptor adaption occurs when

A) impulse transmission stops at a synapse.
B) the brain ignores the incoming action potentials.
C) the stimulus stops.
D) the sensory neuron stops sending action potentials.
E) action potentials from multiple sensory neurons cancel one another.

Question 20

The malleus and incus function to

A) channel sounds in the inner ear.
B) amplify sound.
C) convert a sound wave into an electrical impulse.
D) convert a long wave light into an electrical impulse.
E) sense static position.

Question 21

Different pitched (high- or low-toned) sounds are discriminated by the

A) tympanic membrane.
B) round and oval windows.
C) malleus, incus, and stapes.
D) hair cells in specific regions of the cochlea.
E) auditory nerve.

Question 22

During eye examinations, a test is done to monitor the pressure within the eye. This test is done to detect

A) detachment of the retina.
B) glaucoma.
C) macular degeneration.
D) astigmatism.
E) cataracts.

Question 23

Which one of the following occurs when bright light hits the eye?

A) The muscle arranged circularly around the iris relaxes.
B) The pupil dilates.
C) The photoreceptors no longer respond to the light.
D) The pupil decreases in size.
E) The muscle arranged radially around the iris contracts.

Question 24

Which one of the following structures is used to sense rotational movement of the head and body?

A) vestibule
B) stapes
C) semicircular canals
D) ampulla and cupula
E) oval window

Question 25

Which one of the following conditions results when the transparency of the lens decreases?

A) glaucoma
B) retinal detachment
C) cataracts
D) color blindness
E) astigmatism

Question 26

Which one of the following parts of the eye is continuous with the cornea and forms the outer surface of the back of the eye?

A) retina
B) choroid
C) oval window
D) iris
E) sclera

Question 27

Each of the following statements about cones is TRUE, EXCEPT which one?

A) Cones enable humans to see color.
B) Color vision is enabled by the presence of three types of cones.
C) Cones are evenly distributed throughout the retina, accounting for visual acuity.
D) Cones require more intense light for activation than rods do.
E) Visual acuity is dependent upon cones and bright light.

Question 28

An insufficient number of particular types of cones causes

A) impaired night vision.
B) macular degeneration.
C) detachment of the retina.
D) impaired color vision.
E) glaucoma.

Question 29

LASIK treatment functions to improve eyesight by

A) completely removing a defective cornea.
B) widening the iris.
C) replacing the eye lens.
D) inserting a corrective pupil.
E) changing the shape of the cornea.

Question 30

Nearsightedness and farsightedness are caused by the

A) density of the aqueous and vitreous humor.
B) length of the eyeball.
C) shape of the cornea.
D) shape of the lens.
E) positioning of the rods and cones.

Question 31

Which one of the following parts of the eye is affected by cataracts?

A) cornea
B) lens
C) aqueous humor
D) vitreous humor
E) retina

Question 32

An individual never developed otoliths in the inner ear due to a genetic defect. Which one of the following will be impaired as a result?

A) hearing low-pitched sounds
B) hearing high-pitched sounds
C) sense of head position and linear acceleration
D) maintenance of balance
E) sense of rotational movement

Question 33

The "blind spot" is associated with which one of the following?

A) optic disk
B) vitreous humor
C) choroid
D) fovea centralis
E) lens

Question 34

Within the cochlea, higher-frequency sounds are converted to electrical impulses near the

A) cornea.
B) tapered tip.
C) auditory tube.
D) oval and round windows.
E) sensory neurons.

Question 35

The following is a list of structures in the eye through which light passes. Which one of the following answers best describes the order in which light passes through or hits each structure? 1. lens
2) pupil
3) cornea
4) aqueous humor
5) retina

A) 5, 4, 2, 1, 3
B) 3, 4, 2, 1, 5
C) 3, 2, 4, 1, 5
D) 3, 1, 2, 4, 5
E) 3, 4, 5, 2, 1

Question 36

The transparent covering of the front of the eye is the

A) cornea.
B) lens.
C) iris.
D) fovea centralis.
E) pupil.

Question 37

The vestibule contains two fluid-filled chambers, called the utricle and saccule, which are alike in that

A) they both are surrounded by cupular membranes.
B) each has a gel-like substance on the inside.
C) both contain ampulla.
D) they are directly attached to semicircular canals.
E) each lines the semicircular canals.

Question 38

Color blindness usually results from a decrease in the number of

A) rods.
B) optic disks.
C) foveae.
D) cones.
E) ciliary muscles.

Question 39

As humans age, their ability to focus on nearby objects deteriorates. This is the result of

A) loss of rods and cones.
B) increased viscosity of the aqueous and vitreous humor.
C) stiffening of the lens and loss of accommodation capability.
D) inappropriate response of the iris to varying light intensities.
E) changing shape of the eyeball.

Question 40

The vitreous humor fills the main chamber of the eye. Which one of the following structures of the eye would vitreous humor come in direct contact with?

A) sclera
B) cornea
C) iris
D) choroid
E) retina

Question 41

Mechanoreceptors include unencapsulated dendritic endings, Merkel disks, Meissner's corpuscles, Pacinian corpuscles, and olfactory receptors.

Question 42

The human body may stop responding to a stimulus even though the original stimulus is still present; this is a process referred to as receptor adaptation.

Question 43

Stronger stimuli activate more receptors and trigger bigger action potentials in sensory neurons.

Question 44

Both eyes have an optic disk. When an image is focused on the optic disk, it cannot be "seen."

Question 45

Using the figure above, match the structures of a taste bud with the regions (A-D) identified on the figure.

A) D
B) A
C) C
D) B
supporting cell

Question 46

Match the following types of receptors to their definitions.

A) photoreceptors
B) pain receptors
C) chemoreceptors
D) mechanoreceptors
respond to light

Question 47

The retina is composed of four layers of cells, which are the pigmented cells, photoreceptor cells, bipolar cells, and the ganglion cells. Axons of the ganglion cells become the optic nerve.

Question 48

Pressure in the middle ear is equalized with the external air pressure through the auditory tube.

Question 49

Pain receptors and receptors that monitor and maintain homeostasis typically do not adapt.

Question 50

Match the following types of receptors to their definitions.

A) photoreceptors
B) pain receptors
C) chemoreceptors
D) mechanoreceptors
allow a person to taste food

Question 51

This phenomenon, which is a medical emergency, involves the peeling of the retina away from the choroid.

A) retinal detachment
B) optic degeneration
C) rhodopsin breakage
D) otitis media
E) myopia

Question 52

Somatic sensations include temperature, touch, vibration, pressure, and pain; these sensations originate from receptors found in specific, localized areas of the body.

Question 53

Match the following types of receptors to their definitions.

A) photoreceptors
B) pain receptors
C) chemoreceptors
D) mechanoreceptors
detect light touch of skin

Question 54

Using the figure above, match the structures of a taste bud with the regions (A-D) identified on the figure.

A) D
B) A
C) C
D) B
taste cell

Question 55

Taste hairs contain chemoreceptors that are specific for specific chemicals or tastants.

Question 56

The figure above is a diagram of an eye with an abnormality that would result in vision problems. A person with this condition would be considered farsighted and would require convex lenses in order to see objects in the distance.

Question 57

LASIK surgery involves removing the cornea and reshaping the lens to correct for vision problems such as nearsightedness, farsightedness, and astigmatism.

Question 58

Match the following types of receptors to their definitions.

A) photoreceptors
B) pain receptors
C) chemoreceptors
D) mechanoreceptors
respond to tissue damage

Question 59

The vestibular apparatus located in the middle ear is a system of fluid-filled chambers that is essential to the sense of hearing.

Question 60

Match the following types of receptors to their definitions.

A) photoreceptors
B) pain receptors
C) chemoreceptors
D) mechanoreceptors
respond to immediate, extreme heat or cold

Question 61

Match each of the following disorders associated with sensory mechanisms with its description.

A) otitis media
B) astigmatism
C) myopia
D) Ménière's syndrome
E) glaucoma
F) presbyopia
G) cataracts
condition resulting from irregularities in the shape of the lens or cornea; symptoms include blurred vision

Question 62

Match each of the following disorders associated with sensory mechanisms with its description.

A) otitis media
B) astigmatism
C) myopia
D) Ménière's syndrome
E) glaucoma
F) presbyopia
G) cataracts
condition caused by blockage of the canal of Schlemm; increased amount of aqueous humor causes increased pressure in the eye; may lead to blindness

Question 63

Using the figure above, identify the structures of the eye.

A) pupil
B) vitreous humor
C) iris
D) aqueous humor
E) sclera
F) cornea
G) lens
H) retina
I) choroid
Label Y represents the ________.

Question 64

Match the following. Answers may be used more than once.

A) middle ear
B) inner ear
C) outer ear
the air-filled chamber in temporal bone containing three small bones

Question 65

Match each of the following disorders associated with sensory mechanisms with its description.

A) otitis media
B) astigmatism
C) myopia
D) Ménière's syndrome
E) glaucoma
F) presbyopia
G) cataracts
condition that generally occurs after age 40 as the lens stiffens; results in the inability to focus on objects that are nearby

Question 66

Using the figure above, identify the structures of the eye.

A) pupil
B) vitreous humor
C) iris
D) aqueous humor
E) sclera
F) cornea
G) lens
H) retina
I) choroid
Label W represents the ________.

Question 67

Using the figure above, identify the structures of the eye.

A) pupil
B) vitreous humor
C) iris
D) aqueous humor
E) sclera
F) cornea
G) lens
H) retina
I) choroid
Label U represents the ________.

Question 68

Using the figure above, identify the structures of the eye.

A) pupil
B) vitreous humor
C) iris
D) aqueous humor
E) sclera
F) cornea
G) lens
H) retina
I) choroid
Label T represents the ________.

Question 69

Using the figure above, identify the structures of the eye.

A) pupil
B) vitreous humor
C) iris
D) aqueous humor
E) sclera
F) cornea
G) lens
H) retina
I) choroid
Label R represents the ________.

Question 70

Match the following. Answers may be used more than once.

A) middle ear
B) inner ear
C) outer ear
location of the auditory nerve

Question 71

Using the figure above, match the structures of a taste bud with the regions (A-D) identified on the figure.

A) D
B) A
C) C
D) B
sensory nerve cell

Question 72

Match each of the following disorders associated with sensory mechanisms with its description.

A) otitis media
B) astigmatism
C) myopia
D) Ménière's syndrome
E) glaucoma
F) presbyopia
G) cataracts
condition that results from a decrease in the normal transparency of the lens

Question 73

Match the following. Answers may be used more than once.

A) middle ear
B) inner ear
C) outer ear
sound waves moving through this area hit the tympanic membrane

Question 74

Match each of the following disorders associated with sensory mechanisms with its description.

A) otitis media
B) astigmatism
C) myopia
D) Ménière's syndrome
E) glaucoma
F) presbyopia
G) cataracts
chronic disorder of the inner ear; symptoms include nausea, dizziness, and loss of hearing

Question 75

Using the figure above, match the structures of a taste bud with the regions (A-D) identified on the figure.

A) D
B) A
C) C
D) B
taste hairs

Question 76

Using the figure above, identify the structures of the eye.

A) pupil
B) vitreous humor
C) iris
D) aqueous humor
E) sclera
F) cornea
G) lens
H) retina
I) choroid
Label Z represents the ________.

Question 77

Using the figure above, identify the structures of the eye.

A) pupil
B) vitreous humor
C) iris
D) aqueous humor
E) sclera
F) cornea
G) lens
H) retina
I) choroid
Label X represents the ________.

Question 78

Using the figure above, identify the structures of the eye.

A) pupil
B) vitreous humor
C) iris
D) aqueous humor
E) sclera
F) cornea
G) lens
H) retina
I) choroid
Label V represents the ________.

Question 79

Match the following. Answers may be used more than once.

A) middle ear
B) inner ear
C) outer ear
site of the vestibular canal and tympanic canal

Question 80

Using the figure above, identify the structures of the eye.

A) pupil
B) vitreous humor
C) iris
D) aqueous humor
E) sclera
F) cornea
G) lens
H) retina
I) choroid
Label S represents the ________.