Deck 5: The Skeletal System

Question 1

When a bone breaks, a ________ forms until later being replaced with bone.

A) cyst
B) growth plate
C) hematoma
D) callus
E) pore

Answer 1

D

Question 2

All of the following statements about the sinuses are TRUE EXCEPT which one?

A) The sinuses are located in several of the facial bones.
B) The sinuses are lined by a tissue that produces and secretes mucus.
C) The sinuses give the human voice its characteristic resonance and tone.
D) The sinuses add weight and bulk to the skull and facial bones, strengthening them.
E) The sinuses connect to the nasal cavity by small passageways.

Answer 2

D

Question 3

In which of the following bones are the teeth anchored?

A) mandible and zygomatic bones
B) mandible and maxilla
C) maxilla and zygomatic bones
D) mandible and sphenoid bone
E) sphenoid bone and maxilla

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Which one of the following separates neighboring vertebrae and also functions as shock absorbers?

A) ribs
B) palatine bones
C) intervertebral disks
D) intravertebral disks
E) osteons

Question 5

Which one of the following is TRUE regarding bone repair?

A) Fibrocartilage degenerates where the two broken ends of the bone were once together.
B) Osteoblasts convert cartilage to bone in the injured area.
C) Immediately after breaking a bone, a hematoma breaks free from the injured area.
D) Bones heal more quickly as individuals age.
E) The repaired area of a bone is much thinner than the original bone.

Question 6

Which one of the following statements is TRUE regarding bone?

A) The epiphysis of a long bone is filled with yellow bone marrow.
B) Bone is not considered to be a living tissue because it does not contain cells or blood vessels.
C) Dense compact bone is located in the center of a long bone.
D) Stem cells responsible for the production of blood cells are located in red bone marrow.
E) The outer surface of a bone is covered with loose connective tissue.

Question 7

Which one of the following is the correct classification of vertebrae, from the skull to the pelvis?

A) sacral, coccygeal, lumbar, thoracic, cervical
B) cervical, thoracic, lumbar, coccygeal, sacral
C) cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, coccygeal
D) coccygeal, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, cervical
E) coccygeal, thoracic, lumbar, cervical, sacral

Question 8

Even before organs begin to form, rudimentary versions of the shapes of bones begin to form in a fetus due to the

A) activity of growth hormone.
B) formation of secondary ossification sites.
C) activity of chondroblasts.
D) formation of an osteoclast.
E) breakdown of hyaline cartilage.

Question 9

Osteoporosis is a common condition that essentially results when homeostasis cannot be maintained in ________ and ________.

A) osteoclasts; osteoblasts
B) osteoblasts; osteons
C) chondroblasts; osteoclasts
D) canaculi; chondroblasts
E) canaculi; osteoclasts

Question 10

Bones are connected to other bones across a joint by

A) ligaments.
B) tendons.
C) osteocytes.
D) cartilage.
E) trabeculae.

Question 11

Bones of trained athletes may be visibly thicker and heavier than those of nonathletes because

A) athletes have lower blood calcium levels than nonathletes.
B) weight-bearing exercise increases bone mass and strength.
C) nonathletes have a low parathyroid hormone rate.
D) athletes produce more growth plates.
E) nonathletes produce fewer osteoids.

Question 12

A young man is brought to an emergency room; his diagnosis is a broken cheek bone. Which one of the following bones has been affected?

A) zygomatic
B) mandible
C) frontal
D) sphenoid
E) temporal

Question 13

Bones continue to lengthen throughout childhood and adolescence because

A) a growth plate is present in each epiphysis until the late teens.
B) the production of cartilage for a lengthening bone occurs primarily on the inside of the growth plate.
C) ossification cannot occur until after puberty.
D) primary ossification occurs until death.
E) the activity of osteoblasts cannot be reduced until adulthood.

Question 14

In characterizing cartilage, which one of the following is CORRECT?

A) Cartilage is found where support under pressure is required.
B) All types of cartilage are produced by osteocytes.
C) Cartilage functions to link muscles to bone.
D) Cartilage fibers make up ligaments.
E) Cartilage is flexible due to a spongy network of trabeculae.

Question 15

Which one of the following statements CORRECTLY describes the location of compact bone and spongy bone?

A) Spongy bone is located at the ends, and compact bone is located in the core of the shaft of the bone.
B) Compact bone covers the ends of the bone and forms the shaft, and spongy bone is inside the ends, under the compact bone.
C) Spongy bone is found on the outside of the shaft, and compact bone forms the hard core of the shaft.
D) Spongy bone is found throughout the shaft and ends, covered by a thin layer of compact bone.
E) The ends of long bones are solid compact bone, and the shaft is predominantly spongy bone.

Question 16

Which one of the following statements is TRUE regarding parathyroid hormone (PTH)?

A) It stimulates the release of growth hormone.
B) It is released when blood calcium levels are high.
C) It has the same function as calcitonin.
D) It causes the breakdown of bone.
E) It causes decreased activity of osteoclasts.

Question 17

The type of cell responsible for the production of red and white blood cells in bone marrow is the

A) osteon.
B) osteocyte.
C) osteoclast.
D) stem cell.
E) canaliculi.

Question 18

All of the following are functions of bone EXCEPT which one?

A) red blood cell formation
B) serving as an endocrine organ, secreting several different hormones
C) support and protection
D) attachment of muscles, enabling movement
E) mineral storage

Question 19

A typical long bone has an epiphysis at each end, which can be thought of as

A) yellow bone marrow.
B) a cylindrical hollow shaft.
C) a tough layer of connective tissue.
D) a site of water storage.
E) an enlarged knob.

Question 20

Arrange in the proper sequence the following events as they occur in the ossification of a long bone. 1. Chondroblasts die, and the surrounding matrix breaks down.
2) Osteoblasts secrete osteoid.
3) Blood vessels transport osteoblasts into the area to be ossified.
4) Chondroblasts create a model of long bones from cartilage.
5) Osteoblasts become osteocytes.

A) 3, 2, 5, 4, 1
B) 4, 1, 3, 2, 5
C) 4, 1, 5, 3, 2
D) 5, 2, 3, 1, 4
E) 3, 2, 1, 5, 4

Question 21

Which one of the following statements is TRUE regarding fibrous joints?

A) They are freely movable and can bend and rotate.
B) The bones are separated by a fluid-filled cavity that lubricates the joint.
C) Fibrous joints present at birth between bones of the skull develop into sutures in the adult.
D) The bones are held together by cartilage and tendons.
E) They include hinge joints and ball-and-socket joints.

Question 22

As bone develops and becomes hard, osteocytes become trapped in hollow chambers called lacunae.

Question 23

During the last two months of fetal development of the female, sex hormones cause bone remodeling of the pelvic girdle that adapts it for pregnancy and birth.

Question 24

Osteoporosis may result if the activity of osteoclasts outstrips the activity of osteoblasts.

Question 25

Cartilage-forming cells are referred to as chondroblasts.

Question 26

Each of the following bones is part of the axial skeleton EXCEPT which one?

A) ribs
B) vertebrae
C) sternum
D) maxilla
E) clavicle

Question 27

A clear fluid lubricates

A) ligaments.
B) suture.
C) fibrous joints.
D) synovial joints.
E) hyaline cartilage.

Question 28

The stability of a synovial joint is due largely to the presence of calcium salts.

Question 29

During normal healing of broken bones, a callus forms between the two broken ends.

Question 30

Late in puberty, the sex hormones signal the growth plate of a bone to stop growing; once this happens, the bone cannot get longer, but it can grow in width.

Question 31

Which one of the following lists the bones of the arm from the fingertips to the shoulder joint?

A) humerus, radius and ulna, carpals, metacarpals, phalanges
B) phalanges, metacarpals, carpals, radius and ulna, humerus
C) phalanges, carpals, metacarpals, radius and ulna, humerus
D) phalanges, metacarpals, carpals, humerus, radius and ulna
E) radius and ulna, humerus, carpals, metacarpals, phalanges

Question 32

Which one of the following bones articulates with the metatarsal bones?

A) phalanges
B) fibula
C) patella
D) tibia
E) femur

Question 33

Osteoclasts dissolve the hydroxyapatite and digest the matrix during bone remodeling.

Question 34

Surgically removed growth plates from a child result in no further increases in bone length.

Question 35

Which bone is frequently broken when someone dies of deliberate strangulation?

A) floating ribs
B) maxilla
C) cervical vertebrae
D) hyoid bone
E) mandible

Question 36

Individuals can prevent osteoporosis by including sufficient supplies of vitamin C and calcium in their diets and maintaining a consistent exercise program.

Question 37

Bone is composed only of nonliving material.

Question 38

Which one of the following disorders of the skeletal system results from the "wearing out" of the cartilage that covers the ends of bones?

A) bursitis
B) osteoarthritis
C) tennis elbow
D) rheumatoid arthritis
E) sinusitis

Question 39

In which one of the following locations would one find a cartilaginous joint?

A) between the frontal and parietal bones
B) in a hinge joint
C) between the lower ribs and sternum
D) between the scapula and humerus
E) in a ball-and-socket joint

Question 40

In mature compact bone, osteocytes become isolated from one another by the extracellular matrix, making it impossible for them to communicate with each other.

Question 41

Using the figure above, match the following.
diaphysis

Question 42

Match the following.

A) carpal tunnel syndrome
B) flat bones
C) irregular bone
D) sinusitis
E) osteoporosis
F) long bone
G) sprain
H) short bone
I) arthritis
vertebrae

Question 43

Using the figure above, match the following.
location of yellow bone marrow

Question 44

Match the following.

A) carpal tunnel syndrome
B) flat bones
C) irregular bone
D) sinusitis
E) osteoporosis
F) long bone
G) sprain
H) short bone
I) arthritis
phalanges

Question 45

Match the following bones of the skull to their description.

A) maxilla
B) zygomatic
C) parietal
D) occipital
E) frontal
F) mandible
G) lacrimal
lower jaw

Question 46

The foramen ovale is a large opening in the occipital bone through which the spinal cord passes.

Question 47

Tendons join bones to other bones across a joint.

Question 48

Match the following.

A) carpal tunnel syndrome
B) flat bones
C) irregular bone
D) sinusitis
E) osteoporosis
F) long bone
G) sprain
H) short bone
I) arthritis
inflammation of a joint

Question 49

Using the figure above, match the following.
epiphysis

Question 50

Match the following.

A) carpal tunnel syndrome
B) flat bones
C) irregular bone
D) sinusitis
E) osteoporosis
F) long bone
G) sprain
H) short bone
I) arthritis
cranial bones and sternum

Question 51

Match the following.

A) carpal tunnel syndrome
B) flat bones
C) irregular bone
D) sinusitis
E) osteoporosis
F) long bone
G) sprain
H) short bone
I) arthritis
a repetitive stress syndrome that occurs when the tendons of the hand and fingers become inflamed

Question 52

Match the following.

A) carpal tunnel syndrome
B) flat bones
C) irregular bone
D) sinusitis
E) osteoporosis
F) long bone
G) sprain
H) short bone
I) arthritis
condition in which bones decrease in size over time due to an imbalance in the activities of osteoblasts and osteoclasts

Question 53

Match the following.

A) carpal tunnel syndrome
B) flat bones
C) irregular bone
D) sinusitis
E) osteoporosis
F) long bone
G) sprain
H) short bone
I) arthritis
condition resulting from a stretched or torn ligament

Question 54

Using the figure above, match the following.
location of hyaline cartilage

Question 55

Match the following.

A) carpal tunnel syndrome
B) flat bones
C) irregular bone
D) sinusitis
E) osteoporosis
F) long bone
G) sprain
H) short bone
I) arthritis
inflammation of the air spaces of the facial bones

Question 56

Using the figure above, match the following.
location of red bone marrow

Question 57

Match the following bones of the skull to their description.

A) maxilla
B) zygomatic
C) parietal
D) occipital
E) frontal
F) mandible
G) lacrimal
forms the upper left and right sides of the skull

Question 58

Match the following bones of the skull to their description.

A) maxilla
B) zygomatic
C) parietal
D) occipital
E) frontal
F) mandible
G) lacrimal
forms inner eye sockets; tear ducts pass through openings in this bone

Question 59

Match the following.

A) carpal tunnel syndrome
B) flat bones
C) irregular bone
D) sinusitis
E) osteoporosis
F) long bone
G) sprain
H) short bone
I) arthritis
wide as they are long, such as the carpals

Question 60

Using the figure above, match the following.
location of trabeculae

Question 61

The process where cartilage is gradually replaced with bone tissue during fetal development is called ________.

Question 62

As osteocytes become enclosed in small chambers called lacunae, they still can communicate via ________.

Question 63

Match the following bones of the skull to their description.

A) maxilla
B) zygomatic
C) parietal
D) occipital
E) frontal
F) mandible
G) lacrimal
forms the base and back of the skull

Question 64

Match the following bones of the skull to their description.

A) maxilla
B) zygomatic
C) parietal
D) occipital
E) frontal
F) mandible
G) lacrimal
forms the forehead

Question 65

The outer ear and epiglottis have a small amount of flexibility associated with them because of the presence of ________ cartilage.

Question 66

Using the figure above, identify the bones of the appendicular skeleton.

A) humerus
B) patella
C) radius
D) metatarsals
E) phalanges
F) scapula
G) tibia
H) femur
Label A represents the ________ bone.

Question 67

Using the figure above, identify the bones of the appendicular skeleton.

A) humerus
B) patella
C) radius
D) metatarsals
E) phalanges
F) scapula
G) tibia
H) femur
Label H represents the ________ bone.

Question 68

The outer surface of a bone is covered with a tough connective tissue called the ________.

Question 69

Match the following bones of the skull to their description.

A) maxilla
B) zygomatic
C) parietal
D) occipital
E) frontal
F) mandible
G) lacrimal
anchors the upper row of teeth

Question 70

Using the figure above, identify the bones of the appendicular skeleton.

A) humerus
B) patella
C) radius
D) metatarsals
E) phalanges
F) scapula
G) tibia
H) femur
Label F represents the ________ bone.

Question 71

________ forms the embryonic structures that later become bone.

Question 72

Using the figure above, identify the bones of the appendicular skeleton.

A) humerus
B) patella
C) radius
D) metatarsals
E) phalanges
F) scapula
G) tibia
H) femur
Label D represents the ________ bone.

Question 73

Using the figure above, identify the bones of the appendicular skeleton.

A) humerus
B) patella
C) radius
D) metatarsals
E) phalanges
F) scapula
G) tibia
H) femur
Label C represents the ________ bone.

Question 74

Using the figure above, identify the bones of the appendicular skeleton.

A) humerus
B) patella
C) radius
D) metatarsals
E) phalanges
F) scapula
G) tibia
H) femur
Label B represents the ________ bone.

Question 75

Stem cells in red bone marrow give rise to ________ and ________ blood cells.

Question 76

Tendons attach ________ to bone.

Question 77

Using the figure above, identify the bones of the appendicular skeleton.

A) humerus
B) patella
C) radius
D) metatarsals
E) phalanges
F) scapula
G) tibia
H) femur
Label E represents the ________ bone.

Question 78

Match the following bones of the skull to their description.

A) maxilla
B) zygomatic
C) parietal
D) occipital
E) frontal
F) mandible
G) lacrimal
forms the cheekbones and portion of eye sockets

Question 79

________ refers to inflammation of the bursae following an injury.

Question 80

Using the figure above, identify the bones of the appendicular skeleton.

A) humerus
B) patella
C) radius
D) metatarsals
E) phalanges
F) scapula
G) tibia
H) femur
Label G represents the ________ bone.