Deck 3: Emphasizing Cultures Ethics Norms

Question 1

As a general rule,Pakistani natives prefer quick results and instant gratification in business deals,making Pakistan a long term oriented culture.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

Managers in low uncertainty avoidance countries tend to rely on rules.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

A defensive strategy is passive.Firms do not feel compelled to act when problems arise,and denial is usually the first line of defense.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

Many Americans believe in "American exceptionalism," a view that holds the United States to be exceptionally well endowed to lead the world.This is an example of _____.

A) lingua franca
B) cultural difference
C) ethnocentrism
D) individualism

Question 5

Martha is an expatriate manager at Dabinelle Corp.in New Zealand.For the success of her firm,she should develop her cultural intelligence.

Question 6

When generalizing culture as national culture,it is important to remember which of the following?

A) Many subcultures exist within multiethnic countries
B) Culture has many layers,such as regional,ethnic,and religious
C) Using the term "culture" to discuss
Culture is helpful for expediency
D) All of the above

Question 7

The Chinese view of China as "zhong guo",which literally means "the country in the middle" or "middle kingdom" is an example of ethnocentrism.

Question 8

English is a global business language because English-speaking countries contribute the largest share of global output.

Question 9

A reactive strategy is active.Firms feel compelled to act when problems arise.

Question 10

Managers should be aware that the norms around the globe in the 21st century are more culturally sensitive and more ethically demanding than in the 1970s,but not every local norm needs to be followed exactly.

Question 11

In the context of acquisition of cultural intelligence,awareness is also known as cross-cultural literacy.

Question 12

Which of the following statements is true of informal institutions?

A) They come from socially transmitted information.
B) They focus on a single dimension: context.
C) They include politics,laws,and economics.
D) They are supported by the regulatory pillar.

Question 13

Which of the following statements is true of culture?

A) It is the background against which interaction takes place.
B) It is deeply reflected in formal laws and regulations.
C) It focuses only on a single dimension: context.
D) It has two components: language and religion.

Question 14

An accommodative strategy is a strategy that anticipates ethical challenges and addresses them before they happen.

Question 15

Western countries generally nurture firms with long horizons.

Question 16

A defensive strategy focuses on regulatory compliance.

Question 17

Informal institutions come from socially transmitted information and are a part of the heritage that we call cultures,ethics,and norms.

Question 18

Most employers do not give their expatriates that much time to learn before sending them abroad.Most expatriates are inadequately prepared,and the costs for firms,individuals,and families are high.Managers should work to gain cultural intelligence well in advance of expatriate placement.

Question 19

To the extent that laws reflect a society's minimum standards of conduct,what is legal and what is illegal perfectly correspond to what is considered ethical and what is considered unethical,respectively.

Question 20

Which of the following statements is true of formal institutions?

A) They come from socially transmitted information.
B) They are underpinned by the normative and cognitive pillars.
C) They include culture,ethics,and values.
D) They are supported by the regulatory pillar.

Question 21

The dimension approach is more influential than the context approach because the context approach _____.

A) focuses on too many dimensions of cultural differences
B) represents only one dimension
C) has relatively little to offer regarding differences of countries within one cluster
D) is usually taken at face value without much reliance

Question 22

Which of the following statements is true of ethics?

A) It always complies by the rules.
B) It emphasizes perseverance for future betterment.
C) It is only a part of formal institutions.
D) It is deeply reflected in formal laws and regulations.

Question 23

_____ is a set of guidelines for making ethical decisions.

A) A code of practice
B) A code of conduct
C) Fiduciary
D) Ethicism

Question 24

Which of the following statements is true of a collective society?

A) Family units are highly valued.
B) Being an entrepreneur is a popular mindset.
C) Ties between individuals are relatively loose.
D) Outsiders are easily trusted.

Question 25

Which of the following options is an example of a low-context culture?

A) Negotiators in Japan preferring not to flatly say "no" to a business request
B) Lawyers in the United States making a contract as straightforward as possible
C) Negotiators from China preferring not to involve lawyers until the very last phase of contract drafting
D) The French relying heavily on unspoken conditions or assumptions

Question 26

Which of the following options is a factor for the dominance of English as a global business language?

A) English-speaking countries contribute the largest share of global output.
B) Recent globalization has called for the use of only English as a common language.
C) Nonnative speakers of English are increasingly commanding a premium in jobs and compensation.
D) English is the largest language in terms of the number of native speakers.

Question 27

Which of the following statements is true of individualist firms?

A) They tend to follow each other.
B) They try to differentiate themselves from each other.
C) They have a great tendency for centralized authority.
D) They consider ''aggressive'' a negative term.

Question 28

_____ refers to the extent to which members in a culture accept or avoid ambiguous situations and uncertainty.

A) Ethnocentrism
B) Individualism
C) Uncertainty avoidance
D) Femininity

Question 29

Which of the following statements is true of context?

A) It emphasizes perseverance.
B) It represents two dimensions.
C) It is the background against which interaction takes place.
D) It is the broadest level of cultural identity people have.

Question 30

Which of the following statements is true of religion?

A) It is a major manifestation of ethics.
B) It is a global business language.
C) It contributes to the largest share of global output.
D) Its knowledge is crucial for non-religious managers.

Question 31

Which of the following options is an example of a high-context culture?

A) In Japan,negotiators preferring not to flatly say "no" to a business request
B) Lawyers in the United States making a contract as straightforward as possible
C) Negotiators from China preferring to involve lawyers at the very first phase of contract drafting
D) The French taking communication at face value

Question 32

With the world's longest continuous written history (4,000 years)and the highest contemporary savings rate,China is an example of a ____ oriented culture.

A) short-term
B) collectivist
C) uncertainty avoidance
D) long-term

Question 33

_____ is the extent to which less influential members within a country expect and accept that power is distributed unequally.

A) Power distance
B) Power individualism
C) Power collectivism
D) Power communication

Question 34

Which of the following languages is lingua franca?

A) Spanish
B) English
C) Hindi
D) Chinese

Question 35

Which of the following is a feature of low-context cultures?

A) The power distance of such cultures is always high.
B) Messages are never taken at face value.
C) Communication does not rely much on unspoken conditions or assumptions.
D) Ties between individuals are close and collective accomplishments are often sought after.

Question 36

Which of the following is a potential disadvantage of the dominance of the English language?

A) Native English speakers will be unable to communicate in other countries.
B) Embarrassing translation errors are less likely.
C) An expatriate manager who relies on English but does not know the local language may miss cultural subtleties.
D) More people learning English as a second language puts native English speakers at a disadvantage.

Question 37

Which of the following is the second set of clusters?

A) GLOBE clusters
B) Shenkar clusters
C) Huntington civilizations
D) Ronen civilizations

Question 38

A(n)_____ maintains that some firms may be self-motivated to do it right regardless of social pressure.

A) positive view
B) negative view
C) instrumental view
D) progressive view

Question 39

Which of the following set of clusters divide the world into eight civilizations?

A) GLOBE clusters
B) Hofstede civilizations
C) Ronen and Shenkar clusters
D) Huntington civilizations

Question 40

_____ is the idea that the identity of a person is fundamentally his or her own.

A) Ethnocentrism
B) Individualism
C) Femininity
D) Masculinity

Question 41

An individual's ability to understand and adjust to new cultures is known as _____.?

A) skill
B) responsiveness
C) knowledge
D) cultural intelligence

Question 42

Which of the following statements is true of corruption?

A) It encourages foreign direct investment.
B) It increases the economic development.
C) It causes misallocation of resources.
D) It is based on products and services.

Question 43

An American firm operating in the Middle East has a tough time enforcing rules against sexual discrimination of Muslim women working in the company.This is an example of _____.

A) ethical contingency
B) ethical imperialism
C) ethical responsibility
D) ethical institution

Question 44

Esca Motors is aware that the brake wires used in its cars are of poor quality.Yet,it refuses to take any action and proceeds to produce and sell the cars.The family of a victim who lost his life due to a brake failure in the middle of a highway sues the company.Esca Motors is pressurized by Congress to recall its cars and compensate the victims with money.Esca Motors gives in to the pressure and does what is necessary.This is an example of _____.

A) reactive strategy
B) accommodative strategy
C) proactive strategy
D) defensive strategy

Question 45

_____ refers to the ability to identify the symbols,rituals,and taboos in other cultures.

A) Skill
B) Responsiveness
C) Knowledge
D) Awareness

Question 46

Which of the following statements is true of norms?

A) They affect the focal individuals and firms.
B) They focus only on regulatory compliance.
C) They anticipate institutional changes.
D) They are always the first line of defense for firms.

Question 47

Explain the reactive strategy,the accommodative strategy,and the proactive strategy.

Question 48

Describe the context approach and the cluster approach to understand cultural differences.

Question 49

Describe the dimension approach.

Question 50

A(n)_____ features emerging organizational norms to accept responsibility and a set of increasingly internalized cognitive beliefs and values toward making certain changes.

A) reactive strategy
B) accommodative strategy
C) proactive strategy
D) defensive strategy

Question 51

Define informal institutions and explain how ethnocentrism affects cultural intelligence.

Question 52

Ethics helps to combat corruption,while corruption:

A) discourages foreign direct investment.
B) increases the economic development.
C) decreases the tax rate.
D) is based on products and services.

Question 53

In the global fight against corruption,the _____ was enacted by the US Congress in 1977.It bans bribery of overseas officials.

A) Foreign Corrupt Practices Act
B) Corruption of Foreign Public Officials Act
C) UK Bribery Act
D) American Anti-Corruption Act

Question 54

Define culture and explain the two major components of culture.

Question 55

Which of the following statements is true of knowledge,the second phase in the acquisition of cultural intelligence?

A) It refers to the appreciation of people from other cultures.
B) It is the recognition of both the pros and cons of an individual's own cultural mental software.
C) It is also known as cross-cultural literacy.
D) It is based on the awareness and knowledge of other cultures.