Deck 15: Organic Chemistry and Biomolecules

Question 1

Photosynthesis and combustion are _____ and _____, respectively.

A) endothermic; exothermic
B) endothermic; endothermic
C) exothermic; endothermic
D) exothermic; exothermic

Answer 1

endothermic; exothermic

Question 2

One reaction by which the ocean acts to remove carbon from the atmosphere is:

A) CO₂ (g) + H₂O (l) $\rightarrow$ H₂CO₃ (aq).
B) H₂CO₃ (aq) $\rightarrow$ CO₂ (g) + H₂O (l).
C) CH₄ (g) + 2 O₂ (g) $\rightarrow$ CO₂ (g) + 2 H₂O (g).
D) CO₂ (g) + 2 H₂O (g) $\rightarrow$ CH₄ (g) + 2 O₂ (g).

Answer 2

CO₂ (g) + H₂O (l) $\rightarrow$ H₂CO₃ (aq).

Question 3

The two products of cellular respiration are:

A) oxygen and carbon dioxide.
B) oxygen and glucose.
C) carbon dioxide and water.
D) carbon dioxide and glucose.

Answer 3

carbon dioxide and water.

Question 4

How many different places can the chlorine atom occupy in C₃H₇Cl?

A) one
B) two
C) three
D) eight

Question 5

Select the BEST description for these three molecules.

A) All three are isomers because they have the same formula but different structures.
B) Two of them are isomers, but the third is not.
C) None of them is an isomer of the others.
D) All three are isomers because they have the same
Formula and all have single bonds.

Question 6

The two products of photosynthesis are:

A) oxygen and glucose.
B) oxygen and water.
C) carbon dioxide and glucose.
D) glucose and water.

Question 7

Organic chemistry is the chemistry of:

A) organs.
B) naturally grown foods.
C) carbon-containing molecules.
D) natural minerals.

Question 8

Draw a proper Lewis structure for C₂H₄. The resulting structure will show:

A) a double bond and four single bonds.
B) five single bonds only.
C) a double bond and two single bonds.
D) a triple bond and two single bonds.

Question 9

The two key reactions of the carbon cycle are:

A) combustion and respiration.
B) photosynthesis and reduction.
C) photosynthesis and respiration.
D) oxidation and respiration.

Question 10

How many structural isomers are possible for C₂H₄F₂?

A) one
B) two
C) three
D) four

Question 11

Draw a proper Lewis structure for C₂H₆. The resulting structure will show:

A) a double bond and four single bonds.
B) a double bond and six single bonds.
C) seven single bonds only.
D) a triple bond and three single bonds.

Question 12

The two products of hydrocarbon combustion are:

A) carbon dioxide and water.
B) carbon dioxide and oxygen.
C) water and oxygen.
D) carbon dioxide and hydrogen.

Question 13

Draw a proper Lewis structure for C₂H₂. The resulting structure will show:

A) a triple bond and two single bonds.
B) a double bond and two single bonds.
C) three single bonds only.
D) four single bonds only.

Question 14

Isomers are defined as:

A) lines on a weather map connecting the same temperature.
B) atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons.
C) molecules with the same formula but different structures.
D) lines on a weather map connecting the same pressure.

Question 15

Select the BEST description for these two molecules.

A) They are isomers because they have the same formula but different structures.
B) They are isomers because they have the same number of atoms.
C) They are not isomers because the oxygen is connected differently.
D) They are isomers because they have the same formula and both have all single bonds.

Question 16

How many structural isomers are possible for C₃H₈?

A) one
B) two
C) three
D) four

Question 17

In forming molecular compounds, the nonmetals carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, and fluorine typically form how many covalent bonds, respectively?

A) one, two, three, four
B) four, three, two, one
C) four, two, three, one
D) one, three, two, four

Question 18

How many structural isomers are possible for C₅H₁₂?

A) one
B) two
C) three
D) four

Question 19

How many structural isomers are possible for C₄H₁₀?

A) one
B) two
C) three
D) four

Question 20

Draw a proper Lewis structure for HCN. The resulting structure will show:

A) a single bond and a double bond.
B) a single bond and a triple bond.
C) two double bonds.
D) two single bonds.

Question 21

Select the BEST description for the isomers propyl alcohol and isopropyl alcohol.

A) They have identical physical properties because they have the same formula.
B) They have different physical properties because they have different structures.
C) They have the same physical properties as other alcohols.
D) None of these is a reasonable description.

Question 22

Which skeletal structure represents an octane molecule?

A)
B)
C)
D)

Question 23

The general formula for an alkane is:

A) C_nH_n+2.
B) C_nH_2n+2.
C) C_nH_2n.
D) C_nH_2n-2.

Question 24

How many hydrogen atoms are in a cyclodecane molecule?

A) 22
B) 20
C) 10
D) 12

Question 25

The general formula for a single-ring cycloalkane is:

A) C_nH_n+2.
B) C_nH_2n+2.
C) C_nH_2n.
D) C_nH_2n-2.

Question 26

Redraw the following condensed formula as a structural formulA) CH₃OCH₂CH₃

A)
B)
C)
D)

Question 27

Write the molecular formula for the following skeletal structure.

A) C₄H₄S
B) C₅H₁₀S
C) C₄H₈S
D) C₄S

Question 28

Which skeletal structure represents a heptane molecule?

A)
B)
C)
D)

Question 29

Redraw the following condensed formula as a structural formula. CH₃CH₂CH₂OH

A)
B)
C)
D)

Question 30

How many hydrogen atoms are in a decane molecule?

A) 22
B) 20
C) 10
D) 12

Question 31

Rewrite the following structural formula as a condensed formula.

A) C₃H₈
B) CH₃CH₂CH₃
C) C₂H₅CH₃
D) CCCH₈

Question 32

Which definition BEST describes "functional group"?

A) a group of atoms in a molecule with a characteristic behavior
B) a group of atoms that work well together
C) a molecule with a definite biological purpose
D) a molecule that works well in any application

Question 33

Which molecule is NOT an alkane?

A) C₄H₁₀
B) C₅H₁₂
C) C₆H₁₄
D) C₇H₁₀

Question 34

Draw the skeletal structure for the following Lewis structure.

A)
B)
C)
D)

Question 35

Which molecule is an alkane?

A) C₅H₁₂
B) C₅H₈
C) C₅H₆
D) C₅H₅

Question 36

Name the following compound.

A) cyclohexane
B) benzene
C) hexane
D) cyclopentane

Question 37

Write the molecular formula for the following skeletal structure.

A) C₅H₁₂
B) C₃H₈
C) C₅
D) C₅H₁₀

Question 38

Rewrite the following structural formula as a condensed formula.

A) C₅H₁₀Cl₂
B) CH₃CCl₂(CH₂)₂CH₃
C) ClC₅H₁₀Cl
D) ClCH₃CCH₂CH₂CH₃Cl

Question 39

Write the molecular formula for the following skeletal structure.

A) C₆H₁₂
B) C₆H₁₈
C) C₃H₃
D) C₆

Question 40

The defining characteristic of an alkane is that it is composed of:

A) all single bonds.
B) no single bonds.
C) at least one carbon-carbon double bond.
D) at least one carbon-carbon triple bond.

Question 41

An ester is often prepared by a condensation reaction from:

A) an alcohol and an acid.
B) an alcohol and an ether.
C) an acid and an aldehyde.
D) a ketone and an aldehyde.

Question 42

The major function of carbohydrates in living structures is:

A) building bones.
B) muscle structure.
C) energy.
D) insulation.

Question 43

Which example is a CORRECT pairing of name and functional group, where R represents any carbon chain?

A) R-OH; ester
B) R-O-R; ether
C) R-C=O; alcohol
D) ; aldehyde

Question 44

The structure of the molecule shown here includes:

A) carbonyl, ether, alkene, and alcohol groups.
B) carboxylic acid, alkyne, ester, and alcohol groups.
C) carbonyl, ester, alcohol, and alkyne groups.
D) ether, ester, carbonyl, and carboxylic acid groups.

Question 45

Which example is a CORRECT pairing of name and functional group, where R represents any carbon chain?

A) R-OH; alcohol
B) R-O-R; ester
C) R-C=O; ether
D) ; aldehyde

Question 46

The following hydrocarbon structure contains one or more:

A) aromatic group.
B) alkene group.
C) alkyne group.
D) aromatic, alkene, and alkyne group.

Question 47

Which substance is considered a polymer?

A) DNA
B) plastic
C) protein
D) DNA, plastic, and protein

Question 48

The following molecule includes which nitrogen functional group(s)?

A) two amines
B) two amides
C) both an amine and an amide
D) neither an amine nor an amide

Question 49

An amide is often prepared by a condensation reaction from an amine and a(n):

A) carboxylic acid.
B) aldehyde.
C) ketone.
D) alcohol.

Question 50

The defining characteristic of an alkyne is that it is composed of:

A) all single bonds.
B) no single bonds.
C) at least one carbon-carbon double bond.
D) at least one carbon-carbon triple bond.

Question 51

As a class, carbohydrates include:

A) sugars and starches.
B) sugars and proteins.
C) starches and fats.
D) starches and proteins.

Question 52

The folding of proteins is primarily accomplished with _____ bonds.

A) hydrogen
B) ionic
C) covalent
D) peptide

Question 53

The nitrogen functional group shown in this molecule is a(n):

A) amine.
B) amide.
C) nitrile.
D) nitrous.

Question 54

Which skeletal structure represents a benzene molecule?

A)
B)
C)
D) All of these skeletal structures represent a benzene molecule.

Question 55

What elements are present in carbohydrates?

A) carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
B) carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen
C) carbon and hydrogen only
D) carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen

Question 56

The defining characteristic of an alkene is that it is composed of:

A) all single bonds.
B) no single bonds.
C) at least one carbon-carbon double bond.
D) at least one carbon-carbon triple bond.

Question 57

What are the formulas for octane and cyclooctane, respectively?

A) C₈H₁₈ and C₈H₁₆
B) C₈H₁₈ and C₈H₁₈
C) C₈H₁₆ and C₈H₁₈
D) C₈H₁₆ and C₈H₁₄

Question 58

Which acid is a carboxylic acid?

A) hydrochloric acid, HCl
B) nitric acid, HNO₃
C) sulfuric acid, H₂SO₄
D) acetic acid, CH₃COOH

Question 59

A peptide bond is made from:

A) an amine and a carboxylic acid.
B) an amino acid and an amine.
C) two carboxylic acids.
D) two amines.

Question 60

The backbone of proteins is made up of:

A) amino acids.
B) carboxylic acids.
C) amines.
D) nucleotides.

Question 61

Nucleotides are made up of:

A) a base, a sugar, and phosphate.
B) a base, an amino acid, and a sugar.
C) a sugar, a base, and sulfate.
D) two bases and a phosphate.

Question 62

DNA is a polymer made up of monomers called:

A) nucleotides.
B) amino acids.
C) sugars.
D) peptides.

Question 63

Choose the CORRECT pairing of bases in a DNA "ladder."

A) A - G
B) A - A
C) A - C
D) A - T

Question 64

Choose the CORRECT pairing of bases in a DNA "ladder."

A) C - G
B) C - A
C) C - C
D) C - T

Question 65

The bases in a DNA molecule are held together by _____ bonds.

A) hydrogen
B) ionic
C) covalent
D) peptide