Deck 23: The Digestive System

Question 1

This portion of the peritoneum drapes over the transverse colon and coils of the small intestine.

A) greater omentum
B) falciform ligament
C) lesser omentum
D) mesentery
E) mesocolon

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Deciduous molars are replaced by ___.

A) bicuspids
B) molars
C) incisors
D) canines
E) wisdom teeth

Answer 2

A

Question 3

The hard palate

A) is the anterior portion of the roof of the mouth.
B) is formed by the maxillae and palatine bones.
C) is covered by a mucous membrane.
D) is the anterior portion of the roof of the mouth, formed by the maxillae and palatine bones.
E) All of these choices are correct.

Answer 3

E

Question 4

This plexus is located between the longitudinal and circular smooth muscle layers of the muscularis.

A) ENS
B) myenteric plexus
C) submucosal plexus
D) digestive plexus
E) absorption plexus

Question 5

This layer of the GI tract is composed of areolar connective tissue containing blood and lymph vessels.

A) mucosa
B) lamina propria
C) MALT
D) musclaris
E) epithelium

Question 6

Which of the following processes is the function of the smooth muscle layer of the digestive system?

A) ingestion
B) secretion
C) mixing and propulsion
D) absorption
E) None of these choices.

Question 7

This layer of the GI tract is composed of areolar connective tissue that binds the mucosa to the muscularis.

A) submucosa
B) lamina propria
C) epithelium
D) serosa
E) None of these answer choices are correct.

Question 8

This portion of the peritoneum attaches the liver to the anterior abdominal wall and diaphragm.

A) greater omentum
B) falciform ligament
C) lesser omentum
D) mesentery
E) mesocolon

Question 9

This portion of the peritoneum is largely responsible for carrying blood and lymph vessels to the large intestine.

A) greater omentum
B) falciform ligament
C) lesser omentum
D) mesentery
E) mesocolon

Question 10

Which of the following accessory organs produces a fluid that functions to emulsify dietary fats?

A) teeth
B) salivary glands
C) liver
D) gallbladder
E) pharynx

Question 11

Which of the following contains skeletal muscle in some areas?

A) muscularis
B) mucosa
C) serosa
D) submucosa

Question 12

Which of the following accessory organs produces a fluid to begin chemical digestion of food?

A) teeth
B) salivary glands
C) liver
D) gallbladder
E) pharynx

Question 13

Which of the following processes is the primary function of the mouth?

A) ingestion
B) secretion
C) mixing and propulsion
D) absorption
E) None of these choices.

Question 14

These are composed of prominent lymphatic nodules that function in the immune response.

A) mucosa
B) mucosa-associated lymphatic tissue
C) muscularis
D) submucosa
E) serosa

Question 15

Which of the following processes is the primary function of the villi of the small intestine?

A) ingestion
B) secretion
C) mixing and propulsion
D) absorption
E) None of these choices.

Question 16

In the mouth, the tooth sockets are lined with ___.

A) gingivae
B) cementum
C) periodontal ligament
D) pulp
E) root

Question 17

Which of the following accessory organs stores bile?

A) teeth
B) salivary glands
C) liver
D) gallbladder
E) pharynx

Question 18

The capability of the GI tract to move material along its length is called ___.

A) motility
B) propulsion
C) digestion
D) absorption
E) defecation

Question 19

Lateral to the base of the uvula in the mouth, this muscular fold runs posteriorly down the lateral sides of the soft palate to the pharynx.

A) uvula
B) palatoglossal arch
C) palatopharyngeal arch
D) parotid glands
E) sublingual glands

Question 20

This layer functions by secreting a lubricating fluid.

A) serosa
B) submucosa
C) muscularis
D) mucosa
E) MALT

Question 21

This digestive aid, produced by the stomach, begins digestion by denaturing proteins.

A) bicarbonate ion
B) mucus
C) bile
D) hydrochloric acid
E) water

Question 22

Which of the following is NOT a function of the liver?

A) metabolism of carbohydrates
B) protein metabolism
C) storage of bilirubin
D) synthesis of bile salts
E) storage of vitamins

Question 23

This is found on the liver and is a remnant of the umbilical vein in a fetus.

A) coronary ligament
B) falciform ligament
C) round ligament
D) kupffer ligament
E) bile ductules

Question 24

This major duct carries a fluid rich in bicarbonate ions.

A) pancreatic duct
B) hepatopancreatic duct
C) cystic duct
D) bile duct
E) hepatic duct

Question 25

This structure of the stomach allows greater distension for food storage.

A) cardia
B) fundus
C) pylorus
D) rugae
E) sphincter

Question 26

This is the principle bile pigment.

A) stercobilin
B) bilirubin
C) biliverdin
D) both stercobilin and bilirubin
E) All of these answer choices are correct.

Question 27

Which of the following enzymes digests proteins?

A) lipase
B) amylase
C) trypsin
D) phosphatase
E) ligase

Question 28

How long can food stay in the fundus before being mixed with gastric juices?

A) 10 minutes
B) 20 minutes
C) 30 minutes
D) 45 minutes
E) 1 hour

Question 29

Which of the following secrete hydrochloric acid?

A) mucous cells
B) parietal cells
C) chief cells
D) serosa cells
E) chyme cells

Question 30

Which of the following small intestine cells secrete lysozyme?

A) goblet cells
B) absorptive cells
C) mucosa cells
D) paneth cells
E) S cells

Question 31

Which of the following pancreatic enzymes digests lipids?

A) trypsin
B) elastase
C) lipase
D) pepsin
E) All of these choices.

Question 32

This is the heaviest gland of the body.

A) heart
B) liver
C) pancreas
D) large intestine
E) thyroid

Question 33

This hormone functions to counteract the effect of gastric acid in the small intestine.

A) pepsin
B) secretin
C) gastrin
D) cholecystokinin
E) amylase

Question 34

Duodenal glands

A) secrete an acidic mucous.
B) secrete an alkaline juice.
C) secrete an alkaline mucous.
D) secrete an acidic juice.

Question 35

Which of the following pancreatic enzymes acts on peptide bonds?

A) chymotrypsin
B) amylase
C) pepsin
D) phosphatase
E) nucleosidase

Question 36

This cell secretes the hormone that promotes production of hydrochloric acid.

A) neck cell
B) chief cell
C) enteroendocrine cell
D) chyme cell
E) mucous cell

Question 37

This structure regulates the flow of material into the colon.

A) ileocecal sphincter
B) pyloric sphincter
C) appendix
D) sigmoid colon
E) anal canal

Question 38

Which of the following pancreatic enzymes acts on glycogen and starches?

A) chymotrypsin
B) amylase
C) trypsin
D) phosphatase
E) nucleosidase

Question 39

How many stages of deglutition are there?

A) 2
B) 3
C) 4
D) 5
E) 8

Question 40

This hormone is stimulated by high levels of dietary fat and amino acids in the small intestine.

A) pepsin
B) secretin
C) gastrin
D) cholecystokinin
E) amylase

Question 41

Glycolysis, formation of acetyl co-A, Krebs cycle and the electron transport chain are all involved in

A) lipogensis.
B) gluconeogenesis.
C) glucose catabolism.
D) formation of glycogen.
E) formation of vitamin C.

Question 42

Chemical reactions that break down complex organic molecules into simpler ones are called ___.

A) metabolism
B) anabolism
C) catabolism
D) metatheses
E) oxidation reactions

Question 43

Which of the following cells secretes gastrin?

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 44

What is line F pointing to?

A) pulp cavity
B) cementum
C) root canal
D) alveolar bone
E) gingival sulcus

Question 45

What does line G point to?

A) pylorus
B) pyloric sphincter
C) rugae
D) pyloric antrum
E) greater curvature

Question 46

Which of the following cells secretes intrinsic factor?

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 47

This is the portion of the stomach that connects to the duodenum.

A) A
B) D
C) G
D) C
E) J

Question 48

Which of the following cells secretes pepsinogen?

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 49

This has an opening called the apical foramen.

A) A
B) F
C) G
D) H
E) I

Question 50

Which area is known as the cardia?

A) E
B) F
C) G
D) B
E) I

Question 51

Chemical reactions that combine simple molecules and monomers to form complex structures are known as ___.

A) metabolism
B) anabolism
C) catabolism
D) metatheses
E) None of these answer choices are correct.

Question 52

What layer is composed of areolar connective tissue and epithelium?

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 53

When the terminal phosphate is cut off ATP what is formed?

A) adenosine diphosphate
B) GTP
C) adenosine monophosphate
D) metabolic water
E) glucose

Question 54

What is line D pointing to?

A) lumen
B) MALT
C) mucosa
D) submucosa
E) muscularis

Question 55

Which layer contains the lamina propria?

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 56

What is line I pointing to?

A) greater curvature
B) lesser curvature
C) body
D) fundus
E) cardia

Question 57

This consists of calcified connective tissue.

A) A
B) B
C) E
D) F
E) G

Question 58

Which of the following transport dietary lipids?

A) apoproteins
B) low density lipoproteins
C) chylomicrons
D) very low density lipoproteins
E) high density lipoproteins

Question 59

Which of the following cells secrete mucus?

A) B
B) C
C) D
D) E

Question 60

Which of the following is not a function of the large intestine?

A) mechanical digestion
B) chemical digestion
C) absorption
D) feces formation
E) regulation of blood glucose

Question 61

Which of the following is a fat-soluble vitamin?

A) Vitamin B
B) Vitamin E
C) Vitamin C
D) Vitamin O
E) None of these answer choices are correct.

Question 62

Describe the structural characteristics of the small intestine that enhance its function as the major absorber of nutrients.

Question 63

Most glucose that enters the liver is converted to

A) pyruvic acid.
B) glycogen.
C) amino acids.
D) insulin.
E) glucose.

Question 64

Which of the following is not a major nutrient the body needs?

A) carbohydrates
B) phosphates
C) proteins
D) minerals
E) vitamins

Question 65

Explain why food does not normally go up into your nasal cavity or down into your lungs when you swallow-even if you are standing on your head when you swallow.

Question 66

Antioxidant vitamins

A) are found in plasma membranes.
B) are vitamin derivatives.
C) can inactivate oxygen free radicals.
D) are all excreted in feces.
E) are all stored in adipose cells.

Question 67

Where does the Kreb's cycle take place?

A) cytosol
B) plasma membrane
C) nucleus
D) mitochondria
E) golgi apparatus

Question 68

Where does glycolysis take place?

A) cytosol
B) plasma membrane
C) nucleus
D) mitochondria
E) golgi apparatus

Question 69

Which vitamins are considered "antioxidant vitamins?" Why is this role so important?

Question 70

Ketone bodies

A) can enter the Krebs cycle.
B) are used for ATP production.
C) can be used to make lipids.
D) can enter Krebs or be used for ATP production.
E) convert into aldehydes in the liver.

Question 71

Identify the different types of lipoproteins and describe the function of each.

Question 72

Describe the structures and functions of the enteric nervous system.

Question 73

Identify the protein hydrolyzing enzymes in the digestive tract, and name their sources. Why are these enzymes released in an inactive form?

Question 74

Describe the role of the liver in protein metabolism.

Question 75

Provitamins are

A) raw materials of vitamins.
B) broken down glucose molecules.
C) derivatives of minerals.
D) found only in the blood.
E) not stored in the body.