Deck 17: The Endocrine System

Question 1

When one hormone's action is opposing the action of another hormone it is called

A) synergistic effects.
B) permissive effects.
C) antagonistic effects.
D) circulating.
E) local.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Which of the following is a major eicosanoid?

A) prostaglandins
B) leukotrienes
C) glycoproteins
D) both prostaglandins and leukotrienes
E) All of these choices.

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Which of the following are lipid soluble hormones derived from cholesterol?

A) steroids
B) thyroid hormones
C) nitric oxide
D) amine hormones
E) peptide hormones

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Which of the following anterior pituitary hormones stimulates sex cell production?

A) leutinizing hormone
B) TSH
C) corticotropin
D) melanocyte stimulating hormone
E) growth hormone

Question 5

Which of the following is NOT a way hormone secretion is regulated?

A) signals from the nervous system
B) chemical changes in the blood
C) signals from the peripheral nervous system
D) the action of other hormones
E) both signals from the nervous system and chemical changes in the blood

Question 6

Complete loss of the aldosterone will lead to death due to

A) decreased heart rate.
B) decreased airway dilation.
C) dehydration.
D) no oxygen to the brain.
E) kidney failure.

Question 7

Which of the following hormones opposes the action of parathyroid hormone?

A) thyroid stimulating hormone
B) testosterone
C) insulin
D) calcitonin
E) calcitriol

Question 8

Parathyroid hormone is the major regulator of which ions in the blood?

A) calcium
B) sodium
C) potassium
D) chloride
E) manganese

Question 9

Which of the following anterior pituitary hormones stimulates growth?

A) human growth hormone
B) prolactin
C) thyrotropin
D) follicle stimulating hormone
E) adrenocorticotropic hormone

Question 10

Which of the following anterior pituitary hormones stimulates milk production?

A) leutinizing hormone
B) prolactin
C) thyrotropin
D) melanocyte stimulating hormone
E) adrenocorticotropic hormone

Question 11

When a hormone is present in excessive levels, the number of target-cell receptors may decrease. This is called

A) receptor recognition.
B) circulating hormone.
C) paracrine.
D) up regulation.
E) down regulation.

Question 12

How many hormones do the five types of anterior pituitary cells secrete?

A) 5
B) 7
C) 10
D) 12
E) unlimited

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT a glucocorticoid effect?

A) protein and fat breakdown
B) glucose formation
C) immune suppression
D) reduction of inflammation
E) increase in blood cell production

Question 14

The amount of ADH that is secreted varies with

A) blood osmotic pressure.
B) blood calcium levels.
C) oxygen content of blood
D) blood levels of glucose.
E) All of these answer choices are correct.

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT a function of a hormone?

A) regulates chemical composition and volume of the internal environment
B) regulates metabolism
C) regulates glandular secretions
D) produces electrolytes
E) controls growth and development

Question 16

What is a major difference in the action of a water soluble hormone versus a lipid soluble hormone?

A) how they diffuse through blood
B) how the mRNA is transcribed
C) the use of a second messenger
D) only one type needs a hormone receptor
E) lipid hormones are not found in the bloodstream

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT a means of synthesizing and secreting T3 and T4?

A) iodide trapping
B) oxidation of iodide
C) coupling of T1 and T2
D) hydrolysis of calcium
E) iodination of tyrosine

Question 18

Which of the following anterior pituitary hormones stimulates Cortisol production?

A) leutinizing hormone
B) prolactin
C) insulin like growth factors
D) melanocyte stimulating hormone
E) adrenocorticotropic hormone

Question 19

Which type of anterior pituitary cell secretes human growth hormone?

A) thyrotrophs
B) gonadotrophs
C) somatotrophs
D) lactotrophs
E) corticotrophs

Question 20

What controls the anterior pituitary gland?

A) chemical signals from the blood
B) the peripheral nervous system
C) action of hypothalamic hormones
D) action potentials from the thalamus
E) chemical changes in CSF

Question 21

Describe the role of the hypothalamus in the regulation of the pituitary gland.

Question 22

Which blood glucose lowering hormone is produced by the pancreatic islet cells?

A) insulin
B) plasma proteins
C) blood clotting factors
D) thyroid hormones
E) calcitonin

Question 23

Enuresis, or bedwetting, may be caused by psychological, anatomical or physiological factors. In the latter case, vasopressin is often prescribed and is a very effective treatment. What is vasopressin? How can it prevent enuresis?

Question 24

This gland produces stress-reducing steroid hormones.

A) D
B) G
C) H
D) I
E) F

Question 25

This gland's hormones help regulate blood calcium levels.

A) B
B) A
C) H
D) D
E) I

Question 26

Which cell secretes somatostatin?

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 27

Which step represents coupling of T1 and T2?

A) 3
B) 4
C) 5
D) 6
E) 7

Question 28

Which cell secretes glucagon?

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 29

The hormones from this gland help regulate metabolism.

A) C
B) D
C) A
D) G
E) I

Question 30

Which layer secretes androgens?

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D

Question 31

Describe and explain the similarities between starvation and diabetes mellitus.

Question 32

Compare and contrast the mechanisms of action of lipid soluble vs. water soluble hormones.

Question 33

Which hormone is stimulated by decreasing levels of blood glucose?

A) insulin
B) leutinizing hormone
C) glucagon
D) parathyroid hormone
E) calcitonin

Question 34

Which step represents the synthesis of TGB?

A) 1
B) 2
C) 4
D) 6
E) 7

Question 35

Which cell secretes the blood glucose-reducing hormone?

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 36

This gland secretes HGH, TSH and FSH among other hormones.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) I
E) D

Question 37

___ is an amine hormone derived from serotonin.

A) Melatonin
B) Melanin
C) Glucose
D) Glucocorticoid
E) Eicosanoid

Question 38

What is a goiter? Using the appropriate negative feedback loops in your answer, explain how goiters can develop in both hyposecretion and hypersecretion disorders. In these hyposecretion and hypersecretion disorders, would you expect the levels of other hormones involved in the loops to be high or low? Why?

Question 39

Which level secretes mainly aldosterone?

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D

Question 40

Which hormone increases metabolic rate?

A) insulin
B) adrenocorticotropic hormone
C) glucagon
D) thyroid hormone
E) calcitonin

Question 41

The primary androgen produced by the male is ___.

A) estrogen
B) testosterone
C) aldosterone
D) inhibin
E) progesterone

Question 42

Which gland secretes the hormone melatonin?

A) pituitary
B) hypothalamus
C) thyroid
D) adrenal
E) pineal

Question 43

Which of the following is NOT an effect of the glucocorticoids?

A) protein breakdown
B) glucose formation
C) breakdown of triglycerides
D) increases reabsorption of Na + from the urine into the blood
E) anti-inflammatory effects

Question 44

Which hormone contributes to the setting of the body's biological clock, which is controlled by the hypothalamus?

A) calcitonin
B) aldosterone
C) calcitrol
D) melatonin
E) glucagons

Question 45

Epinephrine and norepinephrine are secreted by the

A) adrenal medulla.
B) adrenal cortex.
C) renal cortex.
D) thyroid.
E) parathyroid.