Deck 13: The Central Nervous System

Question 1

The structure containing only sensory axons, which conduct nerve impulses from sensory receptors in the skin, muscles and internal organs into the CNS is the

A) spinal nerves.
B) cauda equina.
C) anterior root.
D) posterior root.
E) central canal.

Answer 1

D

Question 2

In the figure, where is the lateral white column?

A) C
B) D
C) G
D) H
E) I

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Which part of the brain consists of the thalamus, hypothalamus, and epithalamus.

A) cerebellum
B) brain stem
C) diencephalon
D) dura mater

Answer 3

C

Question 4

In the figure, where is the anterior white column?

A) B
B) C
C) H
D) I
E) J

Question 5

Which of the three spinal meninges is the most superficial?

A) arachnoid mater
B) dura mater
C) menix mater
D) pia mater
E) epi mater

Question 6

In the figure, where is the posterior median sulcus?

A) A
B) E
C) F
D) H
E) J

Question 7

Denticulate ligaments are thickenings of

A) arachnoid mater.
B) pia mater.
C) dura mater.
D) interstitial fluid.
E) subdural space.

Question 8

Which is NOT considered a major part of the brain?

A) brain stem
B) cerebellum
C) cauda equina
D) diencephalon
E) cerebrum

Question 9

Which of the following has two layers?

A) spinal dura mater
B) cranial dura mater
C) spinal arachnoid mater
D) cranial arachnoid mater
E) All of these answer choices are correct

Question 10

Describe the spinal cords two principal functions in maintaining homeostasis within the body.

Question 11

Which of the sites in the brain listed below contains cerebrospinal fluid?

A) epidural space
B) subarachnoid space
C) dural space
D) meninx
E) pia mater

Question 12

Describe the gross external anatomy of the spinal cord.

Question 13

In the figure, where is the anterior gray horn?

A) B
B) C
C) H
D) I
E) None of these answer choices are correct.

Question 14

The structure that separates the two hemispheres of the cerebellum is the

A) falx cerebri.
B) falx cerebelli.
C) tentorium cerebelli.
D) tentorium cerebri.
E) None of these answer choices are correct.

Question 15

Which part of the brain consists of the medulla oblongata, pons, and midbrain?

A) brain stem
B) cerebrum
C) cerebellum
D) diencephalon
E) dura mater

Question 16

In reference to the figure, which letter illustrates the pituitary gland?

A) D
B) E
C) F
D) G
E) H

Question 17

In reference to the figure, the diencephalon is composed of?

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) A and B
E) B and C

Question 18

The structure containing cell bodies of somatic motor neurons that provide nerve impulses for skeletal muscle contractions would be:

A) B
B) C
C) D
D) H
E) I

Question 19

The structure that supplies nerves to and from the lower extremities is the

A) lumbar enlargement.
B) filum terminale.
C) cauda equine.
D) spinal nerve 12.
E) cervical enlargement.

Question 20

Briefly explain why the spinal cord is shorter than the vertebral column in an adult.

Question 21

The portion of the cerebellum that carries sensory information into the cerebellum from the medulla, pons, and spinal cord would be the

A) inferior cerebellar peduncles.
B) midbrain.
C) superior cerebellar peduncles.
D) anterior lobe.
E) posterior lobe.

Question 22

The portion of the cerebellum contributing to equilibrium and balance would be the

A) vermis.
B) anterior lobe.
C) posterior lobe.
D) flocculonodular lobe.
E) left hemisphere.

Question 23

Which nuclei are found in the pons?

A) apneustic area
B) pneumotaxic area
C) pyramids
D) apneustic area and pneumotaxic area
E) apneustic area, pneumotaxic area, and pyramids

Question 24

The area of the brain responsible for somatic (startle) reflexes in response to loud sounds would be the

A) spinal cord.
B) midbrain.
C) pons.
D) thalamus.
E) cerebellum.

Question 25

Pyramids are

A) gray matter extensions on the medulla.
B) white matter extensions on the medulla.
C) gray matter extensions on the brain stem.
D) white matter extensions on the brain stem.
E) superior to the medial lemniscus.

Question 26

A netlike region of white and gray matter that extends through the brain, maintaining consciousness would be referred to as the

A) pons.
B) medulla oblongata.
C) midbrain.
D) reticular formation.
E) decussation of pyramids.

Question 27

Neurons within the oval shaped structures lateral to the pyramids relay impulses to the cerebellum to help it make adjustments to muscle activities as new motor skills are learned. This would describe the

A) pons.
B) olives.
C) hypothalamus.
D) midbrain.
E) mammillary bodies.

Question 28

Medulla nuclei are

A) masses of gray matter.
B) masses of white matter.
C) decussations of the pyramids.
D) masses of gray and white matter.
E) None of these answer choices are correct.

Question 29

Which of the following is located in each hemisphere of the cerebrum?

A) lateral ventricle
B) septum pellucidum
C) fourth ventricle
D) third ventricle
E) corpus callosum

Question 30

The major relay station for most sensory impulses that reach the primary somatosensory areas of the cerebral cortex from the brain stem and the spinal cord would be the

A) thalamus.
B) hypothalamus.
C) epithalamus.
D) pons.
E) midbrain.

Question 31

The network of capillaries in the walls of the ventricles is referred to as the

A) choroid plexuses.
B) lateral apertures.
C) interventricular foramina.
D) median aperture.
E) aqueduct of the midbrain.

Question 32

A narrow cavity along the midline superior to the hypothalamus and between the right and left halves of the thalamus would be the

A) lateral ventricle.
B) septum pellucidum.
C) third ventricle.
D) fourth ventricle.
E) fifth ventricle.

Question 33

The region of the brain that helps to maintain consciousness would be the

A) reticular activating system.
B) pons.
C) substantia nigra.
D) olive.
E) inferior peduncles.

Question 34

The structure responsible for secondary control of respiration would be the

A) spinal cord.
B) midbrain.
C) pons.
D) thalamus.
E) cerebellum.

Question 35

Cerebrospinal fluid carries chemicals from the ___ to neurons.

A) interstitial fluid
B) bile
C) intracellular fluid
D) arachnoid space
E) blood

Question 36

The structure protecting the brain by preventing passage of harmful substances and pathogens would be

A) dura mater.
B) arachnoid mater.
C) cerebrospinal fluid.
D) blood brain barrier.
E) All of these answer choices are correct.

Question 37

Which of the following glands is directly controlled by hormones produced by the hypothalamus?

A) kidney
B) pituitary
C) thymus
D) pancreas
E) pineal

Question 38

In most people, a bridge of gray matter called the intermediate mass crosses the third ventricle, joining the right and left halves of the

A) midbrain.
B) thalamus.
C) hypothalamus.
D) pituitary Gland.
E) cerebellum.

Question 39

Which of the following is NOT controlled by the hypothalamus?

A) hunger
B) thirst
C) blood calcium
D) emotional behavior
E) body temperature

Question 40

The fingerlike projections that reabsorb CSF are

A) hydrocephalus.
B) microcephalus.
C) arachnoid villi.
D) dura villi.
E) lemniscus.

Question 41

In the figure, where is the arachnoid mater?

A) E
B) F
C) G
D) H
E) I

Question 42

In the figure, where is the denticulate ligament?

A) C
B) D
C) F
D) H
E) I

Question 43

Which structure in the figure represents the thalamus?

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 44

Describe the structural and functional relationship between the hypothalamus and the pituitary gland.

Question 45

Which structure in the figure is considered to include the cardiovascular center and rhythmicity area as well as controlling reflexes for vomiting, coughing, sneezing, and hiccupping?

A) A
B) D
C) H
D) F
E) G

Question 46

A common cause of death in the United States is a CVA, which is

A) a heart attack.
B) a stroke.
C) a convulsion.
D) caused from a buildup of glucose.
E) caused from a buildup of CSF.

Question 47

Where would cerebrospinal fluid be found in the above figure?

A) A
B) D
C) E
D) F
E) All of these answer choices are correct.

Question 48

Which of the following functional areas of the cerebrum is responsible for sensing body touch and temperature?

A) broca's area
B) primary visual area
C) common integrative area
D) prefrontal cortex area
E) primary somatosensory area

Question 49

The major portion of the brain shown in the figure that is used to coordinate skilled movements and to regulate posture and balance would be:

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) E
E) F

Question 50

Blood supplies oxygen and nutrients to the CNS. It flows to the brain mainly via the

A) external carotid arteries and the external jugular veins.
B) internal carotid arteries and the internal jugular veins.
C) internal carotid arteries and the vertebral arteries.
D) external carotid arteries and the dural sinuses.
E) external carotid arteries and the internal carotid arteries.

Question 51

Which of the following would not apply to the Blood-Brain Barrier?

A) Water-soluble substances cross by active transport whereas substances such as creatinine, urea, and most ions, cross very slowly.
B) It protects the CNS from harmful substances and pathogens by preventing passage of these substances from blood into the interstitial fluid of brain tissue.
C) Proteins and most antibiotic drugs-do not pass at all from the blood into brain tissue.
D) Trauma, toxins, and inflammation will generally not harm the blood-brain-barrier.
E) Lipid soluble substances, such as oxygen, carbon dioxide, alcohol, and most anesthetic agents, easily cross the blood-brain barrier.

Question 52

Which of the following functional areas of the cerebrum is responsible for the planning and production of speech?

A) broca's area
B) primary gustatory area
C) common integrative area
D) prefrontal cortex area
E) primary somatosensory area

Question 53

Which of the following functional areas of the cerebrum is responsible for vision?

A) broca's area
B) primary visual area
C) common integrative area
D) primary olfactory area
E) primary somatosensory area

Question 54

In the figure, where is the subdural space?

A) E
B) F
C) G
D) H
E) I

Question 55

In the figure, where is the subarachnoid space?

A) E
B) F
C) G
D) H
E) I

Question 56

Which structure is involved in conducting nerve impulses from gyri in one cerebral hemisphere to corresponding gyri in the other hemisphere?

A) association tracts
B) corpus callosum
C) projection tracts
D) pyramids
E) sulci

Question 57

In the figure, where is the pia mater?

A) E
B) F
C) G
D) H
E) I

Question 58

Gyri are made because

A) the white matter enlarges faster than the gray matter.
B) the cerebellum grows faster than the cerebrum.
C) the hypothalamus is larger than the epithalamus.
D) the gray matter grows faster than the white matter.
E) the lobes of the cerebellum are not symmetrical.

Question 59

Which of the following functional areas of the cerebrum is responsible for conscious movements the body?

A) broca's area
B) primary visual area
C) somatosensory association area
D) primary motor area
E) primary somatosensory area

Question 60

Which structure in the figure controls heart rate and blood pressure?

A) A
B) B
C) D
D) G
E) B and C

Question 61

Distinguish between the three functional area divisions of the cerebral cortex.

Question 62

Discuss the importance of the Limbic System and describe its location.

Question 63

Where is the epidural space?

A) A
B) D
C) E
D) F
E) G