Deck 9: Articulations

Question 1

Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding the synovial membrane?

A) It produces synovial fluid, which acts to reduce friction, absorb shock, and supply oxygen and nutrients to the chondrocytes within the articular cartilage.
B) It is composed of dense irregular connective tissue, with abundant collagen fibers.
C) It is the deepest layer of the articular capsule.
D) It is a component of all synovial joints.
E) It has no epithelial component.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding the medial meniscus of the knee joint?

A) It is made of elastic cartilage.
B) It has a ligamentous attachment to the fibula.
C) It helps maintain stability of the knee joint.
D) It is easily healed if injured.
E) It is firmly attached to the femoral condyles.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

The joint between the first rib and the manubrium of the sternum is classified as a ___.

A) synchondrosis
B) synarthrosis
C) cartilaginous joint
D) all of these choices
E) none of these choices

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Which of the following terms best describes the functional classification of the joint found between the epiphysis and diaphysis of a growing bone?

A) synchondrosis
B) symphysis
C) synarthrotic
D) synovial
E) synostosis

Question 5

Which of the following is FALSE regarding synovial joints?

A) are characterized by a joint cavity
B) are freely moveable
C) have bones covered in hyaline cartilage at their articulating ends
D) include elastic cartilage
E) have reinforcing ligaments

Question 6

An immovable joint found between skull bones is called a

A) condyle.
B) cartilaginous joint.
C) suture.
D) synovial joint.
E) synchondrosis.

Question 7

Which of these joints is also called a dentoalveolar joint?

A) syndesmosis
B) gomphosis
C) synchondrosis
D) symphysis
E) suture

Question 8

Where do symphyses occur?

A) upper limbs
B) lower limbs
C) midline of the body
D) ankles
E) knees

Question 9

Synovial membranes are found lining the cavities of synovial joints, and are made of areolar connective tissue and simple squamous epithelium.

Question 10

How is a suture classified functionally in an adult?

A) synarthrotic
B) amphiarthrotic
C) diarthrotic
D) synovial
E) cartilaginous

Question 11

The epiphyseal plate is an example of which type of joint?

A) gomphosis
B) suture
C) symphysis
D) synovial
E) synchondrosis

Question 12

Which type of joint lacks a cavity?

A) fibrous
B) cartilaginous
C) synovial
D) both fibrous and cartilaginous joints
E) all of these choices

Question 13

Which type of joint is held together by dense connective tissue?

A) fibrous joint
B) cartilaginous joint
C) synovial joint
D) both fibrous and cartilaginous joints
E) all of these choices

Question 14

Which of the following terms best describes the structural classification of the joint found between the first rib and the sternum?

A) synovial
B) symphysis
C) synchondrosis
D) synarthrotic
E) gomphosis

Question 15

Which type of joint is freely movable?

A) synarthrosis
B) amphiarthrosis
C) diarthrosis
D) both amphiarthrosis and diarthrosis
E) all of these choices

Question 16

In which type of fibrous joint is the connective tissue arranged either as a bundle or as a sheet?

A) suture
B) gomphosis
C) syndesmosis
D) both suture and gomphosis
E) both gomphosis and syndesmosis

Question 17

Which of the following is made from dense regular connective tissue?

A) ligaments
B) articular cartilage
C) articular fat pads
D) synovial membrane
E) synovial fluid

Question 18

Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding synovial joints?

A) All synovial joints are diarthrotic joints.
B) Synovial joints are characterized by a joint cavity.
C) The fibrous layer of the articular capsule associated with synovial joints is made of areolar connective tissue.
D) Synovial fluid is rich in hyaluronic acid and serves to reduce friction by lubricating the joint.
E) An example of a synovial joint is the proInterosseous membranesal radioulnar joint.

Question 19

Which of the following factors is FALSE regarding the stability of the "hip" joint?

A) The articular capsule is very dense and strong tissue that extends from the rim of the acetabulum to the neck of the femur.
B) The acetabular labrum is a rim of fibrocartilage that increases the depth of the socket, thus making dislocation rare.
C) Several strong reinforcing ligaments include the iliofemoral and ischiofemoral ligaments, which are made of dense regular connective tissue and provide support to the joint.
D) The hip joint is formed by the extremely stable articulation of the femur to the coxal bone via a cartilaginous joint consisting of hyaline cartilage.
E) Several large muscles cross the joint and contribute to its stability.

Question 20

Which of the following synovial structural sub-classifications best describes the joint found between your carpal bone and the metacarpal of your thumb?

A) condyloid
B) plane
C) hinge
D) saddle
E) symphysis

Question 21

Bending the trunk forward at the intervertebral discs is an example of what type of angular movement?

A) flexion
B) extension
C) lateral flexion
D) hyperextension
E) none of these choices

Question 22

Which of the following is not a structural category of synovial joints?

A) planar
B) hinge
C) condyloid
D) inversion
E) saddle

Question 23

Which of these reduces friction in joints?

A) bursae
B) synovial fluid
C) accessory ligaments
D) elastic fibers
E) both bursae and synovial fluid

Question 24

In anatomical position, the antebrachium is ___.

A) pronated
B) laterally flexed
C) supinated
D) medially rotated
E) opposed

Question 25

Which type of movement would include moving the humerus away from the midline of the body?

A) lateral flexion
B) hyperextension
C) adduction
D) abduction
E) gliding

Question 26

What is another term for menisci?

A) articular fat pads
B) articular discs
C) articular spaces
D) capsular fat pads
E) capsular discs

Question 27

Flexion and extension usually occur along which plane?

A) frontal
B) transverse
C) sagittal
D) oblique
E) none of these choices

Question 28

Which of the following is NOT used to reduce friction at joints?

A) tendon sheaths
B) synovial fluid
C) bursae
D) menisci
E) all of these choices reduce friction

Question 29

Which structural subclass best describes the tarsometatarsal joints?

A) planar
B) pivot
C) ball and socket
D) condyloid
E) saddle

Question 30

Which special movement includes the ability of your thumb to move across the palm to touch the tips of the fingers on the same hand?

A) pronation
B) supination
C) eversion
D) retraction
E) opposition

Question 31

Which type of motion results from relatively flat bone surfaces moving back and forth and from side to side with respect to one another?

A) flexion
B) extension
C) gliding
D) circumduction
E) hyperextension

Question 32

Which of these would include the fibular and tibial collateral ligaments of the knee joint?

A) synovial membranes
B) articular fat pads
C) menisci
D) accessory ligaments
E) tendon sheath

Question 33

In this type of joint, the rounded or pointed surface of one bone articulates with a ring formed partly by another bone and partly by a ligament.

A) pivot joint
B) planar joint
C) hinge joint
D) ball-and-socket joint
E) saddle joint

Question 34

Which of the following bones can NOT be elevated or depressed?

A) hyoid
B) clavicle
C) ribs
D) maxilla
E) mandible

Question 35

This type of movement is a continuous sequence of flexion, abduction, extension, and adduction.

A) gliding
B) lateral flexion
C) hyperextension
D) circumduction
E) elevation

Question 36

Which structural subclass best describes the atlanto-axial joint between the dens of the axis and the anterior arch of the atlas?

A) planar
B) pivot
C) ball and socket
D) condyloid
E) symphysis

Question 37

Which special movement occurs when you roll back on your heels?

A) inversion
B) eversion
C) dorsiflexion
D) plantar flexion
E) supination

Question 38

Which type of movement is described when there is a decrease in the angle between articulating bones?

A) flexion
B) extension
C) gliding
D) circumduction
E) rotation

Question 39

Which of the following is not considered a special movement?

A) depression
B) protraction
C) elevation
D) supination
E) flexion

Question 40

Articular discs ___.

A) maintain the stability of a joint
B) may be found in a synovial joint
C) are made of hyaline cartilage
D) are only found in the vertebral column
E) both maintain the stability of a joint and may be found in a synovial joint

Question 41

The anterior cruciate ligament has an attachment to the ___.

A) posterior intercondylar area of the tibia
B) lateral surface of the medial condyle of the femur
C) tibial tuberosity
D) head of the fibula
E) medial surface of the lateral condyle of the femur

Question 42

Which of the following structures is associated with the elbow?

A) subacromial bursa
B) radial collateral ligament
C) medial meniscus
D) iliofemoral ligament
E) acetabular labrum

Question 43

The posterior cruciate ligament has an attachment to the ___.

A) posterior intercondylar area of the tibia
B) medial surface of the medial condyle of the femur
C) tibial tuberosity
D) head of the fibula
E) lateral surface of the lateral condyle of the femur

Question 44

What is this structure?

A) pubofemoral ligament
B) coracohumeral ligament
C) iliofemoral ligament
D) oblique popliteal ligament
E) ischiofemoral ligament

Question 45

Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding this structure? A) It is called the acetabular labrum.
B) It is composed primarily of fibrocartilage.
C) It contributes to the stability of the hip joint.
D) It is enclosed within the articular capsule.
E) It is a bony lip that extends around the head of the femur.

Question 46

In the diagram, which type of joint is represented?

A) suture
B) syndesmosis
C) symphysis
D) cartilaginous
E) synovial

Question 47

Which one of these muscles is NOT part of the rotator cuff muscle group?

A) supraspinatus
B) infraspinatus
C) subscapularis
D) teres minor
E) teres major

Question 48

What is this structure?

A) annular ligament of the radius
B) coracohumeral ligament
C) radial collateral ligament
D) oblique popliteal ligament
E) ulnar collateral ligament

Question 49

Bending the foot at the ankle joint such as when you stand on your toes is called ___.

A) plantar flexion
B) pronation
C) inversion
D) dorsiflexion
E) opposition

Question 50

Which of these refers to the range through which the bones of a joint can be moved?

A) axial
B) biaxial
C) multiaxial
D) range of motion
E) disuse

Question 51

What is this structure?

A) pubofemoral ligament
B) coracohumeral ligament
C) iliofemoral ligament
D) oblique popliteal ligament
E) ischiofemoral ligament

Question 52

Which of the following structures is associated with the glenohumeral joint?

A) subacromial bursa
B) radial collateral ligament
C) medial meniscus
D) iliofemoral ligament
E) acetabular labrum

Question 53

Identify this structure.

A) acetabulum
B) glenoid cavity
C) acromion
D) coracoid process
E) femoral head

Question 54

In the diagram of a suture joint, where is the spongy bone?

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) Both A and C
E) Both A and B

Question 55

Identify this structure.

A) subdeltoid bursa
B) subcoracoid bursa
C) subscapular bursa
D) subacromial bursa
E) suprapatellar bursa

Question 56

Which of the following structures is associated with the coxal joint?

A) subacromial bursa
B) radial collateral ligament
C) medial meniscus
D) iliofemoral ligament
E) glenoid labrum

Question 57

What is this structure?

A) pubofemoral ligament
B) coracohumeral ligament
C) iliofemoral ligament
D) oblique popliteal ligament
E) ischiofemoral ligament

Question 58

Which of the following structures is NOT associated with the glenohumeral joint?

A) subacromial bursa
B) coracohumeral ligament
C) oblique popliteal ligament
D) articular capsule
E) glenoid labrum

Question 59

Which of the following structures is NOT associated with the coxal joint?

A) iliofemoral ligament
B) glenoid labrum
C) pubofemoral ligament
D) ligament of the head of the femur
E) ischiofemoral ligament

Question 60

What type of tissue makes up the fibrous portion of a synovial joint's articular capsule?

A) hyaline cartilage
B) dense irregular connective tissue
C) dense regular connective tissue
D) areolar connective tissue
E) simple squamous epithelium

Question 61

When a suture becomes completely synarthotic, it becomes a

A) syndesmosis.
B) gomphosis.
C) synchondrosis.
D) symphysis.
E) synostosis.

Question 62

When a limb is rotated such that the anterior surface of the bone is turned toward the midline, this is called ___.

A) circumduction
B) circumspection
C) lateral rotation
D) sagittal rotation
E) medial rotation

Question 63

In the figure, which represents a biaxial joint?

A) B
B) C
C) D
D) E
E) Both D and E

Question 64

In the figure, which represents a saddle joint?

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 65

Which type of joint permits this type of movement?

A) synovial
B) cartilaginous
C) fibrous
D) both synovial and cartilaginous
E) both cartilaginous and fibrous

Question 66

Another name for inversion of the foot is ___.

A) dorsiflexion
B) supination
C) plantar flexion
D) pronation
E) pointing your toes

Question 67

Which of these statements about synovial fluid is FALSE? Synovial fluid ___.

A) consists of hyaluronic acid and collagen fibers filtered from blood plasma
B) is clear and viscous, often compared to uncooked egg whites
C) supplies oxygen and nutrients to cells in the articular cartilage
D) contains phagocytic cells that remove debris resulting from joint wear and tear
E) becomes more gel-like when a joint is immobile

Question 68

Briefly describe what is happening when a person "cracks their knuckles."

Question 69

In the figure, which one permits only side to side, and back and forth gliding movements?

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) Both a and b
E) Both b and c

Question 70

Briefly describe the structural classifications of joints.

Question 71

Angular movement of a synovial joint is a category that includes ___.

A) gliding
B) elevation and depression
C) inversion and eversion
D) flexion and extension
E) rotation

Question 72

The rotator cuff muscles and their tendons encircle the ___ joint and provide much of the stability of the joint.

A) hip
B) knee
C) shoulder
D) wrist
E) elbow

Question 73

In the figure shown, which one represents a condyloid joint?

A) B
B) C
C) D
D) E
E) F

Question 74

Which of the following shows a movement only seen in the intervertebral joints?

A) B
B) F
C) G
D) D
E) A

Question 75

Describe the functions of synovial fluid.

Question 76

Briefly describe the three types of functional classifications of joints.

Question 77

In the diagram, which one represents a pivot joint?

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 78

Which of these statements about tendon sheaths is FALSE? Tendon sheaths ___.

A) reduce friction at joints
B) are found where there is a great deal of movement, such as fingers
C) are tubelike bursae wrapped around some tendons
D) drain synovial fluid into the lymph system
E) are found where tendons pass through synovial cavities