Deck 7: The Axial Skeleton

Question 1

Which of the following is not a facial bone?

A) parietal
B) nasal
C) maxilla
D) zygomatic
E) palatine

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Which of the following bones DOES NOT contribute to the orbit?

A) palatine
B) nasal
C) maxilla
D) sphenoid
E) ethmoid

Answer 2

B

Question 3

How many bones are found in a typical adult human skeleton?

A) 200
B) 206
C) 212
D) 227
E) 250

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Which of the following is found in the axial skeleton?

A) tarsal bone
B) tibia
C) sphenoid
D) scapula
E) clavicle

Question 5

These projections on either side of the foramen magnum articulate with depressions on the first cervical vertebrae.

A) mastoid processes
B) temporomandibular joint
C) foramen magnum
D) occipital condyles
E) sella turcica

Question 6

Which of these facial bones articulates with teeth?

A) lacrimal
B) palatine
C) vomer
D) maxilla
E) nasal

Question 7

Which cranial bone articulates with every other cranial bone?

A) occipital
B) frontal
C) ethmoid
D) nasal
E) sphenoid

Question 8

The carotid foramen is a landmark that is located on the ___.

A) sphenoid bone
B) mandible
C) temporal bone
D) zygomatic bone
E) occipital bone

Question 9

Which of the following bones contributes to the zygomatic arch (cheekbone)?

A) temporal
B) ethmoid
C) lacrimal
D) sphenoid
E) nasal

Question 10

The mastoid process ___.

A) is a rounded projection of the parietal bones
B) is the point of attachment for several neck muscles
C) is anterior to the external auditory meatus
D) is found on the occipital bone
E) is a mandibular landmark

Question 11

The openings in the skull for blood vessels and nerves are the ___.

A) sutures
B) foramina and fissures
C) meatus and horns
D) processes
E) hila and trochanters

Question 12

This cranial bone lies anterior to the sphenoid and posterior to the nasal bones. It contains foramina for the olfactory cranial nerve.

A) ethmoid
B) frontal
C) palatine
D) maxilla
E) temporal

Question 13

Bones in which of these areas protect the brain?

A) cranium
B) vertebral column
C) sacrum
D) cervical
E) thorax

Question 14

Which of these bones form the inferior lateral aspects of the cranium and part of the cranial floor?

A) frontal
B) temporal
C) parietal
D) occipital
E) nasal

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT true of surface markings on bone?

A) Some allow the passage of nerves and blood vessels through the bone.
B) Some serve as attachments for muscles.
C) They provide movement within the bone.
D) They help form joints.
E) Two of the types of surface markings are depressions or projections.

Question 16

Which of the following is found in the appendicular skeleton?

A) hyoid
B) ribs
C) vertebrae
D) carpals
E) sternum

Question 17

Which of the following is FALSE?

A) Typically, the axial skeleton has 80 bones.
B) Typically, the appendicular skeleton has 126 bones.
C) The axial skeleton is composed of the bones that run through the axis of the body.
D) Children have more bones than adults.
E) The appendicular skeleton does not include the girdles.

Question 18

Which is a FALSE statement regarding the skull bones?

A) They include bony cavities lined with mucous membranes.
B) The only moveable bone in the face is the mandible.
C) The skull contains foraminas but no fissures.
D) The facial bones provide support for the entrances into the digestive and respiratory systems.
E) Skull bones protect the central nervous system.

Question 19

These bones house the organs of hearing and balance and articulate with the mandible.

A) frontal
B) temporal
C) parietal
D) occipital
E) nasal

Question 20

Which of the following bones is not visible from the anterior view of the skull?

A) parietal
B) frontal
C) mandible
D) occipital
E) maxilla

Question 21

Which sex exhibits an anteriorly oriented coccyx?

A) females
B) males
C) both sexes
D) The coccyx does not point anteriorly in either sex

Question 22

Which of the following is not a facial bone?

A) vomer
B) palatine
C) lacrimal
D) occipital
E) mandible

Question 23

The function of vertebral processes is ___.

A) to serve as attachment sites for muscles
B) calcium storage
C) to support the body of the vertebrae
D) to hold the hyoid in place
E) to allow passage of the spinal cord

Question 24

On the sacrum, the inferior entrance to the vertebral canal is called the ___.

A) sacral cornua
B) sacral hiatus
C) lateral sacral crest
D) anterior sacral foramina
E) median sacral crest

Question 25

When Joe was found dead, an autopsy revealed that his hyoid bone was fractured. What was the most likely cause of death?

A) natural causes
B) cardiac arrest
C) gun shot
D) strangulation
E) choking

Question 26

Of the following, which is the largest individual vertebra?

A) C5
B) L4
C) T4
D) C7
E) T12

Question 27

Which of the cervical vertebrae differs from the others because of its large spinous process that is used as a surface landmark on the spine?

A) C1, the atlas
B) C2, the axis
C) C5
D) C7, the vertebra prominems
E) None of the cervical vertebrae has a larger spinous process than the others

Question 28

What landmark is found on the second cervical vertebrae?

A) primary projection
B) ocular process
C) odontoid process
D) cervical projection
E) cervix

Question 29

The xiphoid process ___.

A) ossifies during infancy
B) is an attachment site for ribs
C) is an attachment site for some abdominal muscles
D) never ossifies completely
E) articulates with the manubrium

Question 30

The vertebral arch is made up of ___.

A) a lamina and the vertebral body
B) the vertebral body and 2 transverse processes
C) a transverse process and 2 spinous processes
D) 2 pedicles and 2 laminae
E) 2 transverse processes and a pedicle

Question 31

Which of these statements about the true ribs is FALSE?

A) There are 7 pairs of true ribs.
B) Some of the true ribs are also called floating ribs.
C) The posterior end of true ribs articulates with thoracic vertebrae.
D) Each true rib is greater in length than the one just superior to it.
E) The anterior end of true ribs have costal cartilages that attach directly to the sternum.

Question 32

Which of these statements about the hyoid bone is FALSE?

A) It consists of a body and paired projections: the lesser horns and greater horns.
B) It supports the tongue.
C) It is the only bone in the axial skeleton that does not articulate with any other bone.
D) It has attachment sites for muscles of the pharynx and larynx.
E) It is located in the anterior neck below both the larynx and the mandible.

Question 33

Which sex exhibits an inferiorly oriented coccyx?

A) females
B) males
C) both sexes
D) The coccyx does not point inferiorly in either sex

Question 34

Which of these statements about the sternum is FALSE?

A) The parts of the sternum usually fuse by age 25.
B) The sternal angle is a clinical landmark at the junction of the manubrium and body of sternum.
C) The smallest part of the sternum is the xiphoid process.
D) The most inferior part of the sternum is the manubrium.
E) The points of fusion in the sternum are marked by transverse ridges.

Question 35

In addition to the sacrum and coccyx, the adult vertebral column consists of ___.

A) 5 cervical, 12 thoracic, and 5 lumbar vertebrae
B) 5 cervical, 2 manubrial, 7 thoracic, and 5 lumbar vertebrae
C) 10 cervical, 7 thoracic, and 6 lumbar vertebrae
D) 7 cervical, 12 thoracic, and 5 lumbar vertebrae
E) 5 cervical, 12 thoracic, and 7 lumbar vertebrae

Question 36

What is the junction between the manubrium and the body of the sternum called?

A) suprasternal notch
B) xiphoid process
C) sternal angle
D) sternoclavicular joint
E) manubrium joint

Question 37

The vertebral column has four slight bends or normal curves, and the ___ regions curve to the posterior when viewed from the side.

A) lumbar and sacral
B) cervical and sacral
C) thoracic and lumbar
D) cervical and lumbar
E) thoracic and sacral

Question 38

What is the purpose of the nucleus pulposus?

A) to compress the vertebral bones
B) to absorb vertical shock
C) calcium storage
D) spinal fluid reservoir
E) muscle attachment

Question 39

Which bone of the axial skeleton does NOT articulate with any other bone?

A) vertebrae
B) ethmoid
C) sternum
D) hyoid
E) ilium

Question 40

The vertebral column has four slight bends or normal curves, and the ___ regions bulge to the anterior when viewed from the side.

A) lumbar and sacral
B) cervical and sacral
C) thoracic and lumbar
D) cervical and lumbar
E) thoracic and sacral

Question 41

Which of the following bones DOES NOT contain sinuses?

A) frontal
B) maxilla
C) ethmoid
D) sphenoid
E) palatine

Question 42

The foramen lacerum is found between the ___.

A) parietal and temporal bones
B) maxilla and mandible
C) temporal and occipital bones
D) sphenoid and ethmoid bones
E) sphenoid and temporal bones

Question 43

The coronal suture is found between the ___.

A) parietal and temporal bones
B) frontal and parietal bones
C) temporal and occipital bones
D) sphenoid and ethmoid bones
E) sphenoid and temporal bones

Question 44

Which of the following statements is FALSE?

A) All cervical vertebrae have transverse foramina.
B) All thoracic vertebrae articulate with ribs.
C) All cervical vertebrae have bifid spinous processes.
D) Lumbar vertebrae are robust, and reflect their weight bearing role.
E) The first cervical vertebra is called the atlas.

Question 45

The optic foramen is a landmark found on this bone:

A) parietal
B) sphenoid
C) temporal
D) mandible
E) ethmoid

Question 46

The squamous suture is found between the ___.

A) parietal and temporal bones
B) frontal and parietal bone
C) temporal and occipital bones
D) sphenoid and ethmoid bones
E) sphenoid and temporal bones

Question 47

In the diagram, where is the lacrimal bone?

A) E
B) F
C) G
D) H
E) I

Question 48

The stylomastoid foramen is a landmark found on this bone:

A) parietal
B) hyoid
C) temporal
D) mandible
E) ethmoid

Question 49

The internal auditory meatus is a landmark found on this bone:

A) parietal
B) maxilla
C) temporal
D) mandible
E) ethmoid

Question 50

The cribriform plate is a landmark found on this bone:

A) parietal
B) maxilla
C) temporal
D) mandible
E) ethmoid

Question 51

In the diagram, where is the ethmoid bone?

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 52

The jugular foramen is found between the ___.

A) parietal and temporal bones
B) maxilla and mandible
C) temporal and occipital bones
D) sphenoid and ethmoid bones
E) sphenoid and temporal bones

Question 53

The infraorbital foramen is a landmark found on this bone:

A) parietal
B) maxilla
C) temporal
D) mandible
E) ethmoid

Question 54

In the diagram, which bone articulates with every other bone of the face except the mandible?

A) F
B) G
C) H
D) I
E) J

Question 55

The fontanels on a child's skull are eventually replaced by osseous tissue by the process of ___.

A) endochondral ossificiation
B) reticulation
C) keratinization
D) intramembranous ossification
E) chondroblast replacement

Question 56

The superior orbital fissure is a landmark formed by this bone.

A) parietal
B) sphenoid
C) temporal
D) mandible
E) ethmoid

Question 57

Most often, a "broken nose" is damage to the ___.

A) vomer bone
B) septal cartilage
C) nasal bone
D) lacrimal bone
E) the perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone

Question 58

The external auditory meatus is a landmark found on this bone:

A) parietal
B) maxilla
C) temporal
D) mandible
E) ethmoid

Question 59

The nasal septum is ___.

A) formed by a portion of the sphenoid bone, the vomer, and hyaline cartilage
B) formed by the vomer bone and the maxillae with septal cartilage
C) a series of scroll-shaped projections made up by the ethmoid bone and the inferior nasal concha
D) a horizonal partition in the nasal cavity
E) formed by the vomer bone, the perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone, and septal cartilage

Question 60

In the diagram, which bone primarily forms the roof of the cranial cavity?

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) G

Question 61

In the diagram, where is the vomer?

A) D
B) E
C) F
D) I
E) J

Question 62

In the diagram, where is the foramen rotundum?

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) E
E) F

Question 63

In the diagram, where is the superior nuchal line?

A) A
B) E
C) F
D) H
E) I

Question 64

In the diagram, where is the mastoid process?

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) G

Question 65

In the diagram, where are the crista galli?

A) D
B) E
C) F
D) G
E) H

Question 66

In the diagram, which bone is considered the keystone of the skull?

A) E
B) B
C) G
D) H
E) I

Question 67

In the diagram, where is the zygomatic bone?

A) G
B) H
C) I
D) J
E) None of these choices

Question 68

In the diagram, where is the vomer?

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 69

In the diagram, where is the frontal bone?

A) J
B) K
C) D
D) H
E) I

Question 70

In the diagram, where is the temporal bone?

A) H
B) K
C) C
D) J
E) A

Question 71

In the diagram, where is the styloid process?

A) J
B) K
C) G
D) H
E) I

Question 72

In the diagram, where is the external occipital protuberance?

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) G
E) H

Question 73

In the diagram, where is the stylomastoid foramen?

A) C
B) D
C) E
D) F
E) G

Question 74

In the diagram, where is the mastoid process?

A) J
B) K
C) G
D) H
E) I

Question 75

In this diagram, which bone includes the foramen magnum as one of its landmarks?

A) B
B) C
C) D
D) F
E) G

Question 76

In the diagram, where is the foramen magnum?

A) C
B) D
C) G
D) H
E) I

Question 77

In the diagram, where is the palatine process of the right maxilla?

A) B
B) E
C) H
D) G
E) I

Question 78

In the diagram, where is the palatine bone?

A) B
B) E
C) H
D) G
E) I

Question 79

In the diagram, where is the foramen ovale?

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 80

In the diagram, where is the mandibular fossa?

A) B
B) C
C) D
D) E
E) F