Deck 5: The Integumentary System

Question 1

___ are the most abundant type of cell found in the epidermis.

A) Melanocytes
B) Keratinocytes
C) Tactile cells
D) Langerhans cells
E) Lymphocytes

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Keratin ___.

A) is a protein
B) participates in immune responses to protect the body from viruses
C) is produced in melanocytes only
D) is involved in viral immune responses and is produced in melanocytes only
E) all of these choices

Answer 2

A

Question 3

What is another name for the subcutaneous layer?

A) dermis
B) epidermis
C) corpuscle
D) stratum basale
E) hypodermis

Answer 3

E

Question 4

This layer of epidermis is composed of a single row of cuboidal or columnar keratinocytes.

A) stratum basale
B) stratum spinosum
C) stratum granulosum
D) stratum lucidum
E) stratum corneum

Question 5

The muscle associated with a hair follicle that causes the hair to stand on end when contracted is called the ___.

A) spinous folliculi
B) arrector pili
C) arrector ceruminae
D) pili folliculi
E) pili folliculus spinous

Question 6

Which of these cells are the least numerous of the epidermal cells and exist in the deepest layer where they are in contact with the flattened process of a sensory neuron?

A) phagocytes
B) keratinocytes
C) melanocytes
D) tactile cells
E) Langerhans cells

Question 7

Which of the following receptors is best suited for pressure reception in the skin?

A) melanocytes
B) pacinian corpuscles
C) keratinocytes
D) Langerhans cells
E) Root hair plexuses

Question 8

Which part of a hair would be activated to send a nerve impulse if an insect crawling on your arm bumped the hair?

A) arrector pili
B) hair follicle
C) hair root plexus
D) dermal root sheath
E) hair matrix

Question 9

Which of the following statements is most accurate?

A) Cells in the stratum granulosum exhibit a high rate of mitotic division.
B) The epidermis is highly regenerative and richly vascular.
C) The reticular layer of the dermis is made mostly of dense irregular connective tissue.
D) The lamellated corpuscles found near keratinocytes contain precursor forms of the protein keratin.
E) Thin skin has five distinct layers called strata.

Question 10

This layer of the epidermis contains layers of flattened keratinocytes that are going through apoptosis.

A) stratum basale
B) stratum spinosum
C) stratum granulosum
D) stratum lucidum
E) stratum corneum

Question 11

Constant exposure of skin to friction, a mechanical stress, stimulates the formation of a callus. Which one of these layers is thickened in a callus?

A) stratum basale
B) stratum spinosum
C) stratum granulosum
D) stratum lucidum
E) stratum corneum

Question 12

This layer is composed of keratinized stratified squamous epithelium.

A) epidermis
B) dermis
C) hypodermis
D) subcutaneous
E) corpuscle

Question 13

Which layer of the epidermis is the most mitotically active? In other words, which layer has rapidly dividing cells?

A) stratum granulosum
B) stratum basale
C) stratum corneum
D) stratum lucidum, although only in thick skin
E) stratum spinosum

Question 14

The ___ layer of the dermis is composed of dense irregular connective tissue.

A) reticular
B) papillary
C) epithelial
D) superficial
E) keratinized

Question 15

This layer of the skin is composed of loose areolar connective tissue.

A) epidermis
B) papillary layer of dermis
C) reticular layer of dermis
D) stratum lucidum
E) cutaneous

Question 16

Keratinization ___.

A) is the process of synthesizing pigment in skin cells
B) is the process where cells accumulate a fibrous protein called keratin
C) is only seen in thin skin
D) is the process where cells secrete a waxy substance, keratin, to waterproof the skin
E) None of these answer choices are correct

Question 17

The stratum lucidum ___.

A) contains lamellar granules
B) lies just superficial to the stratum basale
C) is the layer used in a skin graft
D) is present only in thick skin
E) consists of more than 30 layers of dead keratinocytes

Question 18

This epidermal cell has a role in immunity and disease resistance.

A) Langerhans cells
B) keratinocytes
C) melanocytes
D) tactile cells
E) corpuscles

Question 19

What is the name of the pigment that absorbs ultraviolet light?

A) keratin
B) melanin
C) melatonin
D) carotene
E) hemoglobin

Question 20

Which layer is composed mainly of connective tissue with collagen and elastic fibers?

A) hypodermis
B) basement membrane
C) epidermis
D) dermis
E) all of these choices

Question 21

Basal stem cells are stimulated to divide and replace the stratum basale cells that migrate into the site of a wound. What is the name of the hormone that stimulates these cells to divide?

A) calcitriol
B) insulin
C) melanin
D) epidermal growth factor (EGF)
E) carotene

Question 22

Which of the following plays an important role in thermoregulation?

A) tactile cell
B) sebaceous gland
C) sweat gland
D) nail
E) langerhans cells

Question 23

Which of the following statements is FALSE concerning apocrine glands?

A) They are modified sweat glands in the external ear.
B) They have excretory ducts that open into hair follicles.
C) They are found mainly in the groin and axillary regions.
D) They are stimulated during emotional stress and sexual excitement.
E) They do not function until puberty.

Question 24

Light-skinned people have a translucent epidermis that ranges in color from pink to red depending on the amount of oxygen being carried by ___, a pigment in red blood cells.

A) hemoglobin
B) carotene
C) tannin
D) melanin
E) renin

Question 25

How does scar tissue differ from normal skin?

A) There are fewer blood vessels in scar tissue.
B) Scars are usually lighter in color.
C) Scar tissue is less elastic, and it has a denser arrangement of collagen fibers.
D) Scar tissue may have fewer hairs, glands, and sensory structures than normal skin.
E) All of these choices.

Question 26

Which of the following is FALSE regarding epidermal wound healing?

A) The edges of the wound only involve slight damage to the superficial epidermal cells.
B) Stratum basale cells migrate across the wound.
C) Stratum basale cells cease migration due to contact inhibition.
D) Granulation tissue forms after the migratory phase.
E) The stratum basale cells detach from their basement membrane.

Question 27

Ceruminous glands ___.

A) are modified sweat glands in the external ear
B) are found in the palms of your hands and soles of your feet
C) are found mainly in the groin and axillary regions
D) are stimulated during emotional stress and sexual excitement
E) do not function until puberty

Question 28

Which of these glands produces a waxy secretion that slows the entrance of foreign material into the external auditory canal and prevents microbes from entering cells?

A) ceruminous glands
B) apocrine sweat glands
C) eccrine sweat glands
D) sebaceous glands
E) mammary glands

Question 29

This secretion is a mixture of triglycerides, cholesterol, proteins and inorganic salts.

A) sweat
B) lanugo
C) vellus
D) sebum
E) mucus

Question 30

Which of the following is FALSE regarding melanin?

A) Freckles are red or brown patches where melanin has accumulated in the skin.
B) Repeated exposure to ultraviolet light stimulates melanocytes to release melanin, resulting in a tanned appearance.
C) Age spots are accumulations of melanin in patches that do not fade in winter.
D) The number of melanin-producing cells, melanocytes, is approximately the same in all people.
E) A nevus is a benign overgrowth of melanocytes in a localized area.

Question 31

In the diagram, where is the sebaceous gland?

A) C
B) D
C) E
D) F
E) H

Question 32

Which of the following is FALSE regarding exposure to ultraviolet (UV) light?

A) Precursors to calcitriol are produced in the skin by UV light.
B) Melanocytes are stimulated by UV light to produce more melanin, giving the skin a tanned appearance.
C) Age spots can be avoided by spending more time under the sun as you grow older.
D) Melanin provides protection for the DNA in the epidermal keratinocytes by absorbing UV light.
E) Too much exposure to UV light can lead to skin cancer, and melanocytes are particularly susceptible to damage from UV light.

Question 33

Thick skin ___.

A) is found in the palms, soles of the feet and fingertips
B) does not contain hair follicles
C) contains more sweat glands than thin skin
D) contain epidermal ridges
E) is characterized by all of these choices

Question 34

This structure acts to prevent water loss as well as inhibiting bacterial growth on the surface of the skin.

A) melanin
B) nail
C) sweat glands
D) hair
E) sebaceous glands

Question 35

Which of these glands usually is not connected to a hair follicle?

A) sebaceous gland
B) eccrine sweat gland
C) apocrine sweat gland
D) none of these choices

Question 36

Which of the following is FALSE regarding vitamin D?

A) Approximately 15 minutes of exposure to ultraviolet light every 3 days is all the exposure the body requires for vitamin D synthesis.
B) The liver and kidneys have enzymes to produce calcitriol, the most active form of vitamin D.
C) Ultraviolet light in the skin produces an activated molecule that is a precursor to the most active form of vitamin D.
D) Melanocytes produce the pigment that absorbs ultraviolet light just before transferring the energy to the vitamin D precursor.
E) Calcitriol is a hormone that increases the absorption of calcium in the digestive system.

Question 37

The dermis and stratum corneum accumulate a yellow-orange pigment when you eat foods, such as egg yolk and carrots, that are rich in ___.

A) indole
B) carotene
C) tannic acid
D) melanin
E) rhodopsin

Question 38

Which of the following is NOT excreted from the skin in sweat?

A) water
B) collagen
C) carbon dioxide
D) salts
E) urea

Question 39

This type of gland is a coiled tubular gland found almost throughout most of the skin of the body.

A) sebaceous
B) eccrine
C) apocrine
D) ceruminous
E) goblet cell

Question 40

A bluish tinge to the skin indicates ___.

A) albinism
B) hypoxia
C) chickenpox
D) embarrassment
E) decreased melanin production

Question 41

In the photo, which layer is only seen in thick skin?

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 42

Describe how an arrector pili muscle works.

Question 43

In the diagram of the inflammatory phase of deep wound healing, where is the blood clot?

A) A
B) C
C) D
D) G
E) H

Question 44

In the diagram, where is the cortex?

A) B
B) C
C) D
D) E
E) F

Question 45

In the diagram, where is the dermal root sheath?

A) C
B) D
C) E
D) F
E) G

Question 46

In the diagram, where is the arrector pili muscle?

A) C
B) D
C) E
D) F
E) G

Question 47

What is happening at B in the diagram of the inflammatory phase of deep wound healing?

A) a blood clot is forming
B) collagen fibers are forming
C) damaged blood vessels are regrowing
D) epithelial cells are migrating across the wound
E) scar tissue is forming

Question 48

In the figure, where is the cuticle?

A) A
B) B
C) E
D) F
E) G

Question 49

In the figure, where is the nail matrix?

A) B
B) C
C) E
D) F
E) G

Question 50

In the diagram, where is the reticular region of the dermis?

A) E
B) F
C) G
D) H
E) A

Question 51

In the photo, which layer is the stratum spinosum?

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 52

In the diagram of the inflammatory phase of deep wound healing, where are the collagen fibers?

A) B
B) C
C) D
D) E
E) F

Question 53

In the figure, where is the lunula?

A) A
B) C
C) E
D) F
E) G

Question 54

In the diagram, where is the apocrine sweat gland?

A) C
B) D
C) E
D) F
E) H

Question 55

In the photomicrograph, which layer contains dying cells that have distinctive lipid-filled granules?

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 56

In the figure, where is the nail root?

A) A
B) C
C) E
D) F
E) G

Question 57

In the diagram, where is the cuticle of the hair?

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 58

In the diagram, where are the dermal papillae?

A) A
B) B
C) E
D) H
E) D

Question 59

In the photo, which layer is the stratum basale?

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 60

In the figure, where is the nail body?

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 61

Briefly describe the functions of the skin.

Question 62

Briefly describe the steps in deep wound healing.

Question 63

John has just been brought into the emergency room following a fiery explosion at a chemical plant. He is diagnosed with third degree burns over the anterior surfaces of his arms and trunk, approximately 36% of his skin surface. What specific structural damage has occurred to his skin? What risks to John's life have resulted from this damage?

Question 64

Compare and contrast the locations and structure of thin and thick skin.

Question 65

Describe the structural characteristics of the epidermis that relate to its protection function.

Question 66

Briefly describe the steps in epidermal wound healing.

Question 67

List and briefly discuss the functions of skin.