Deck 8: Eating Disorders

Question 1

Serious limitation of food intake that worsens over time, combined with being deliberately underweight, having an intense fear of gaining weight, and a distorted perception of one's body, describes

A) anorexia nervosa, restricting subtype.
B) anorexia nervosa, purging subtype.
C) bulimia nervosa, restricting subtype.
D) bulimia nervosa, compensating subtype.

Answer 1

anorexia nervosa, restricting subtype.

Question 2

People with anorexia nervosa lose weight mainly by ____ and ____.

A) exercise; purging
B) restricted eating; purging
C) eating more; purging
D) eating less; exercising excessively

Answer 2

eating less; exercising excessively

Question 3

Chantal is 10% below what her physician says would be an ideal body weight for her. She eats very little food, and what she does eat, she tends to try to get rid of by taking laxatives. Chantal has symptoms consistent with

A) anorexia nervosa, purging subtype.
B) anorexia nervosa, restricting subtype.
C) bulimia nervosa, compensatory subtype.
D) bulimia nervosa, noncompensatory subtype.

Answer 3

anorexia nervosa, purging subtype.

Question 4

Like mood disorders, eating behavior can be classified as

A) nonserious vs. serious.
B) normal, mild, moderate, less severe, or more severe.
C) an all or none phenomenon.
D) strongly gender and culture related.

Question 5

Excessive eating may develop into ____, which is not itself considered an eating disorder.

A) bulimia
B) addiction
C) obesity
D) anorexia

Question 6

Ridding oneself of food or bodily fluids, as a person with a particular anorexia nervosa subtype routinely does, is known as

A) voiding.
B) calorie emancipation.
C) homeostasis runoff.
D) purging.

Question 7

Some people have intense weight concerns and body dissatisfaction that escalate toward a(n)

A) anxiety disorder.
B) depressive disorder.
C) eating disorder.
D) fearful disorder.

Question 8

Distress with one's appearance; an overinvestment in the way one appears; and avoidance of certain situations or things because they elicit body concerns are all associated with

A) food disorders.
B) weight concerns.
C) body assessment.
D) body dissatisfaction.

Question 9

Achieving and maintaining normal weight is important for

A) developing adequate self-esteem.
B) increasing cardiovascular risk factors.
C) reducing risk of diabetes.
D) normal psychosocial maturation.

Question 10

People with weight concerns often have

A) a drive for thinness.
B) high self-esteem.
C) strong family support.
D) preoccupation with eating healthy.

Question 11

In the case study on Lisa in Chapter 8 of your text, Lisa continued to binge and purge until she notices that

A) her teeth have eroded.
B) she has out-of-control eating.
C) there is blood in her vomit.
D) her friends are ignoring her.

Question 12

Carol is 20 years old and underweight. She has not had a menstrual cycle for the past six months. The fact that she has not menstruated indicates she is experiencing

A) dysmenorrhea.
B) compensatory behaviors.
C) amenorrhea.
D) histological disorder.

Question 13

Weight concerns and body dissatisfaction are two of the three key components of an eating disorder. The third major component is

A) eating problems.
B) control problems.
C) social problems.
D) fitness problems.

Question 14

People with ____ refuse to maintain a minimum, normal body weight and have an intense fear of gaining weight.

A) body dysmorphic disorder
B) anorexia bulimia
C) bulimia nervosa
D) anorexia nervosa

Question 15

Aimee is constantly worried about her appearance. She is sure that her thighs are too fat, although her friends insist sincerely that she looks fantastic. Yet Aimee still avoids wearing shorts and going swimming because she is embarrassed by and worried about her appearance. Aimee is experiencing which main component of an eating disorder?

A) lack of control
B) body dissatisfaction
C) eating problems
D) obesity

Question 16

People who feel they are overweight much of the time, even when they are not, and view their weight negatively, can be best described as having

A) mental illness.
B) weight concerns.
C) control issues.
D) poor prognoses.

Question 17

People with anorexia nervosa have extreme misperceptions of

A) the body image of others.
B) their own body image.
C) how many calories are in different foods.
D) how much exercise is required for good health.

Question 18

Individuals who seek to lose weight by purging may do so by

A) self-induced vomiting.
B) misusing laxatives or diuretics.
C) performing enemas.
D) engaging in all of these behaviors.

Question 19

Weight concerns, body dissatisfaction, and eating problems are issues that may vary in intensity over time, because they occur along a(n)

A) continuum.
B) scale.
C) index.
D) sequence.

Question 20

Some people have an inability to keep themselves from eating large amounts of food. These people often consume excessive quantities of food and are considered to have a(n)

A) lack of control over eating.
B) dietary excess pattern.
C) restricted eating approach.
D) excessive consumption disorder.

Question 21

Some people have recurrent episodes of binge eating without compensatory behaviors such as purging, exercise, or fasting. These people have symptoms consistent with

A) bulimia nervosa.
B) anorexia nervosa.
C) binge nervosa.
D) binge-eating disorder.

Question 22

Features of ____ include eating more rapidly than normal, eating despite feeling uncomfortably full, eating large amounts even when not hungry, eating alone because of embarrassment over quantity of food consumed, and feeling disgusted, depressed, or guilty after overeating.

A) bulimia
B) comfort eating
C) anorexia nervosa
D) binge-eating episodes

Question 23

Purging and nonpurging are classifications of

A) compensatory behaviors.
B) anorexia behaviors.
C) bulimic behaviors.
D) binge behaviors.

Question 24

The two subtypes of bulimia nervosa are

A) overcompensatory subtype and non-transitory subtype.
B) purging subtype and nonpurging subtype.
C) conscious and unconscious subtypes.
D) stress-related and biological subtypes.

Question 25

Eating disorders are ____ comorbid with other mental disorders.

A) minimally
B) slightly
C) moderately
D) highly

Question 26

Eating disorders are

A) less common than anxiety and depressive disorders.
B) more common than anxiety and depressive disorders.
C) equally common as anxiety and depressive disorders.
D) more common than depressive disorders, but less common than anxiety disorders.

Question 27

Joelle has episodes of binge eating that are beyond most people's imagination-entire bags of cookies, whole loaves of bread, and two or three frozen pizzas all in one sitting. After these sessions, she feels horrible, and has a compulsion to make up for the binge somehow. She can't quite bring herself to induce vomiting, so she fasts for two or more days to make up for her binge. Joelle has symptoms consistent with

A) bulimia nervosa with purging compensatory behaviors.
B) bulimia nervosa with nonpurging compensatory behaviors.
C) anorexia nervosa, restricting subtype.
D) anorexia nervosa, purging subtype.

Question 28

To be diagnosed with binge-eating disorder, a person must engage in binge eating, on average, at least ____ day(s) a week for at least ____.

A) two; one month
B) one; three months
C) six; one month
D) six; six months

Question 29

Rates of core eating disorder symptoms (fear of being fat, body weight and shape concerns, and binge eating) in females aged 11-26 years are

A) higher for European American females than African American females.
B) higher for African American females than European American females.
C) lowest for Asian American females.
D) similar for European American, African American, Asian American, and Latina females.

Question 30

Bulimia nervosa is most notably marked by

A) binge eating and then fasting.
B) binge eating and vomiting.
C) restricted binge eating and exercise.
D) involuntary vomiting due to over eating.

Question 31

Men with eating disorders often display

A) depression.
B) self-injurious behaviors.
C) substance use disorders.
D) all of these behaviors.

Question 32

One explanation for the comorbidity of bulimia nervosa and binge-eating disorder with substance abuse disorders is that they all

A) have common environmental risk factors.
B) share impulse control problems.
C) share many biological detriments.
D) focus on individual overindulgence.

Question 33

When theorists focus on media models of thinness for women, stress from abuse and sexual harassment, poor recognition of achievements, and excessive attention to beauty and body shape, they are thinking about

A) objectification.
B) personification.
C) maladaptation.
D) capitalization.

Question 34

Nearly 50% of those with anorexia nervosa develop ____ symptoms.

A) anxiety disorder
B) depressive disorder
C) another eating disorder
D) schizophrenia

Question 35

Although eating disorders occur less frequently than anxiety or mood disorders, they should be a major concern because

A) they have the highest death rate of any major mental disorder.
B) the relapse is quite significant.
C) they affect males and females equally.
D) those with the disorders almost always seek treatment.

Question 36

The disorder marked by binge eating, inappropriate methods to prevent weight gain, and self-evaluation greatly influenced by body shape and weight is called

A) overeating disorder.
B) obesity.
C) bulimia nervosa.
D) binge nervosa.

Question 37

Racial or ethnic differences in the occurrence of eating disorders in America

A) have not yet been documented.
B) affect large females only.
C) interact with counseling opportunities.
D) appear to be small.

Question 38

Binge eating disorder criteria specify that binge eating must be present for at least

A) 1 month.
B) 2 months.
C) 3 months.
D) 6 months.

Question 39

Eating an amount of food in a limited time period that is much larger than most people would eat in that circumstance describes

A) anorexia nervosa.
B) bulimia nervosa.
C) binge eating.
D) compensatory behaviors.

Question 40

Eating disorders appear to be on the rise among male

A) wrestlers.
B) runners.
C) rowers.
D) all of these are correct.

Question 41

Reduced ____ may be associated with overeating and carbohydrate craving.

A) epinephrine
B) norepinephrine
C) serotonin
D) GABA

Question 42

Serotonin is responsible for the feeling to ____, or fullness from eating.

A) satiety
B) saturation
C) stomach stress
D) fullness saturation

Question 43

People with bulimia nervosa are at increased risk of excessive alcohol and ____ use.

A) opiate
B) hallucinogen
C) stimulant
D) benzodiazepine

Question 44

Genetic influence is probably strongest for

A) anorexia nervosa, restricting subtype.
B) anorexia nervosa, purging subtype.
C) bulimia nervosa.
D) binge-eating disorder.

Question 45

Which of the following statements about cultural syndromes and eating disorders is correct?

A) All eating disorders are cultural syndromes, linked to the media's "thin ideal."
B) Anorexia nervosa probably is a cultural syndrome, but bulimia nervosa probably is not.
C) Bulimia nervosa probably is a cultural syndrome, but anorexia nervosa probably is not.
D) Neither anorexia nervosa nor bulimia nervosa is a cultural syndrome.

Question 46

The stigma associated with eating disorders seems to be mainly from the widespread belief that persons with an eating disorder

A) are largely responsible for their own problems.
B) have perverse beliefs and cannot connect with others.
C) will ultimately self-destruct.
D) only care about themselves.

Question 47

The neurotransmitter most closely linked to eating disorders is

A) norepinephrine.
B) gabapentin.
C) serotonin.
D) endorphin.

Question 48

Studies to find genetic markers for eating disorders in general have produced

A) consistent results.
B) inconsistent results.
C) locating a drive for thinness on chromosome 5.
D) locating an obesity gene on chromosome 12.

Question 49

Eating disorder researchers who look for brain differences as biological risk factors tend to focus primarily on the

A) thalamus.
B) hypothalamus.
C) hippocampus.
D) amygdala.

Question 50

What is a common stigmatizing belief that people hold towards individuals with eating disorders?

A) Individuals with eating disorders lack self-discipline.
B) Individuals with eating disorders fake their symptoms.
C) Individuals with eating disorders are just picky eaters.
D) None of these are common stigmatizing beliefs.

Question 51

Jon has a binge-eating disorder. You might expect that the connections between his lateral hypothalamus and ____ are abnormal, possibly leading him to respond more to learned cues rather than feelings of fullness with regard to his eating behavior.

A) nucleus accumbens
B) amygdala
C) thalamus
D) hippocampus

Question 52

Eating disorders have been described as ____, or problems that appear only in certain cultures and Western, industrialized nations.

A) selective
B) cultural syndromes
C) cross-cultural syndromes
D) cultural selective

Question 53

Genetic studies indicate that eating disorders

A) do run in families.
B) do not run in families.
C) do run in families, but this is only true for anorexia nervosa.
D) are purely environmental.

Question 54

People with bulimia nervosa have relatively higher rates of ____ personality disorder, a condition characterized by high levels of impulsivity.

A) borderline
B) histrionic
C) schizotypal
D) dependent

Question 55

The heritability estimates of eating disorders are thought to be

A) large.
B) moderate.
C) small.
D) too inconsistent to have meaning.

Question 56

Roxanne has lost significant weight since being in college. While visiting home for the summer, she received several compliments about her weight loss. This is an example of ____, a risk factor eating disorders.

A) reinforcement
B) expressed emotion
C) extreme complimenting
D) self-esteem enhancement

Question 57

The neurotransmitter most strongly connected to eating disorders because of its effect on mood, obsessive thinking, impulsivity, eating behavior, and satiety is

A) melatonin.
B) dopamine.
C) norepinephrine.
D) serotonin.

Question 58

People with bulimia nervosa and binge-eating disorder may have low levels of

A) norepinephrine.
B) gabapentin.
C) serotonin.
D) endorphin.

Question 59

Anorexia nervosa may be less common in certain countries where

A) there are higher levels of spirituality.
B) food is scarce.
C) there are longer seasons.
D) none of these are correct.

Question 60

Some symptoms of eating disorders may be due to

A) semi-starvation and binging.
B) starvation and nourishment.
C) semi-starvation and malnutrition.
D) semi-starvation and nutrition.

Question 61

Often cited as a risk factor for eating disorders, especially among people with an obsessive drive for thinness, is

A) hyperactivity.
B) neuroticism.
C) perfectionism.
D) consternation.

Question 62

The two main personality risk factors associated with eating disorders are

A) self-loathing and introversion.
B) perfectionism and impulsivity.
C) arrested development and social phobia.
D) neuroticism and paraphilia.

Question 63

A risk factor in eating disorder is substantial ____ given by family members to a person who has lost significant weight and who is thus thought to have demonstrated great self-control.

A) concern
B) punishment
C) reinforcement
D) abuse

Question 64

European-American women report higher levels of body dissatisfaction than

A) Latina women.
B) Asian American women.
C) African American women.
D) Native American women.

Question 65

Low self-esteem, perfectionism, impulsivity, image dissatisfaction, and a distorted body image are all

A) biological vulnerabilities.
B) psychological vulnerabilities.
C) psychocultural vulnerabilities.
D) stress vulnerabilities.

Question 66

Sandy has anorexia nervosa and reports having very little motivation to seek food. Disruption in her ____ system may make food less rewarding for Sandy, resulting in her low motivation for eating.

A) serotonin
B) dopamine
C) acetylcholine
D) GABA

Question 67

L'Chelle has bulimia nervosa. Her physician believes that she may have ____, which contributes to her cravings for food.

A) high levels of serotonin
B) low levels of dopamine
C) high levels of endogenous opioid
D) low levels of endogenous opioid

Question 68

The main source of body dissatisfaction relative to the "thin ideal" comes from

A) media exposure.
B) family members.
C) distorted self-image.
D) an acknowledgment of the thin advantage.

Question 69

A(n) ____ model can be used to integrate various risk factors to explain mental disorder in general and eating disorders specifically.

A) diathesis-stress
B) psychological
C) experimental
D) confound reducing

Question 70

Genetics, brain, or neurochemical features that lead some people to have trouble regulating mood or behavior, and to react strongly when upset or stressed, would be biological

A) stressors.
B) distressers.
C) diatheses.
D) perfectionism.

Question 71

Hostility, conflict, and overinvolvement often occur in families of those with eating disorders. This cluster is called

A) depressed emotion.
B) expressed emotion.
C) compressed emotion.
D) counterintuitive emotion.

Question 72

Child maltreatment, family conflict, and media-based pressures to be thin are all

A) biological stressors.
B) psychocultural vulnerabilities.
C) environmental stressors.
D) psychological vulnerabilities.

Question 73

Which subculture of women seems to have some immunity to the problems associated with the "thin ideal?"

A) Asian Americans
B) Latina Americans
C) European Americans
D) African Americans

Question 74

Which of the following is an example of a psychological diathesis for an eating disorder?

A) low serotonin
B) genetic history of an eating disorder
C) low self-esteem
D) all of these choices

Question 75

A sociocultural feature cited as a risk factor for eating disorders is

A) family conflict.
B) maltreatment.
C) media exposure.
D) all of these choices.

Question 76

A personality feature cited as a risk factor for bulimia nervosa is

A) nervousness.
B) impulsivity.
C) distractibility.
D) eagerness.

Question 77

Bodily chemicals that reduce pain, enhance positive mood, and suppress appetite are

A) endorphins.
B) serotonin.
C) endogenous opioids.
D) epinephrine.

Question 78

The ideal body type shown in the media clashes with the fact that size and weight of the average female has ____ over the years.

A) naturally decreased
B) remained the same
C) increased
D) varied unpredictably

Question 79

All of the following are risk factors for eating disorders EXCEPT

A) childhood maltreatment.
B) high self-esteem.
C) media exposure.
D) expressed emotion.

Question 80

Major cognitive risk factors for eating disorder include

A) body dissatisfaction and body image disturbance.
B) body satisfaction and body disturbance.
C) body dissatisfaction and body image arousal.
D) thought process and body image.