Deck 12: Schizophrenia and Other Psychotic Disorders

Question 1

Symptoms of schizophrenia that represent deficits or covert symptoms are referred to as ____ symptoms.

A) positive
B) negative
C) neutral
D) psychotic

Answer 1

negative

Question 2

"Applesauce store buy. Hungry me. Apples red and fall with crunchy leaves. Leaves are dead, but apples are alive." This type of speech by a person with schizophrenia illustrates which symptom?

A) clanging
B) neologisms
C) alogia
D) loose associations

Answer 2

loose associations

Question 3

When Charlie's emotions do not match the context of a given situation he is in, he is considered to manifest

A) insufficient affect.
B) inappropriate affect.
C) delusions.
D) hallucinations.

Answer 3

inappropriate affect.

Question 4

The main areas of dysfunction in psychotic disorders are categorized as

A) internal, external, and dissociated.
B) thoughts, behaviors, and emotions.
C) affect, defect, and bizarre.
D) temporary, stable, and global.

Question 5

Ja'quan is watching the news. The first story is about a little girl who was murdered. He feels certain that this story is a message especially for him that contains hidden meaning. Ja'quan's belief that the news story is a message for him illustrates ____ delusions.

A) thought broadcasting
B) persecutory
C) somatic
D) referential

Question 6

What is a primary distinction between neurotic and psychotic disorders?

A) Psychoses are always more intense.
B) The interpretation per case varies.
C) Psychoses affect many more areas of functioning.
D) The number of symptoms reported varies.

Question 7

Irrational beliefs that one is an especially powerful and important person are referred to as

A) controlled delusions.
B) persecutory delusions.
C) grandiose delusions.
D) referential solutions.

Question 8

Many people with schizophrenia cannot maintain a regular conversation because of

A) misrepresentative speech.
B) speech anomalies.
C) disorganized speech.
D) catatonic speech.

Question 9

Lack of emotional expression, especially in situations that call for great joy or sadness, is referred to as

A) affective lack.
B) flat affect.
C) emotional affect.
D) psychotic affect.

Question 10

Symptoms of schizophrenia such as delusions and hallucinations, as well as disorganized speech and behavior, would be considered ____ symptoms.

A) positive
B) negative
C) neutral
D) atypical

Question 11

Kelika thinks that her neighbors are deliberately placing thoughts in her mind without her permission. This type of delusion is known as

A) thought withdrawal.
B) thought broadcasting.
C) thought insertion.
D) thought manipulation.

Question 12

Symptoms of schizophrenia that represent excessive or overt symptoms are referred to as ____ symptoms.

A) positive
B) negative
C) neutral
D) psychotic

Question 13

Symptoms of schizophrenia that include lack of speech, flat affect, and failure to care for oneself would be considered ____ symptoms.

A) positive
B) negative
C) neutral
D) atypical

Question 14

Which of the following is an example of a persecutory delusion?

A) believing you are the Savior of the World
B) believing that the government is tapping your phones
C) believing that a movie star is in love with you
D) all of these choices

Question 15

The most common perceptual experience in the absence of sensory stimulation for people with schizophrenia is

A) gustatory.
B) olfactory.
C) tactile.
D) auditory.

Question 16

The fragmented and disconnected speech that people with schizophrenia often experience is called

A) alogia.
B) disorganized speech.
C) a neologism.
D) flat affect.

Question 17

All of the following are examples of negative symptoms schizophrenia EXCEPT the

A) lack of spontaneous speech.
B) inability to engage in goal-directed activities.
C) absence of pleasure in life activities.
D) failure to react to environmental events such as someone saying hello.

Question 18

The most well-known of the psychoses is

A) schizoaffective disorder.
B) delusional disorder.
C) schizophrenia.
D) schizophreniform disorder.

Question 19

____ refers to the lack of emotional expression, whereas ____ refers to emotions that do match the context of a situation.

A) Flat affect; inappropriate affect
B) Numb affect; flat affect
C) Emotional affect; context-incongruent affect
D) Flat affect; context-incongruent affect

Question 20

A delusion is a(n) ____ that involves a misperception of life experiences.

A) irrational belief
B) vision
C) odd behavior
D) none of these choices

Question 21

Justin has recently been diagnosed with schizophrenia. He will go weeks without bathing or brushing his hair if not prompted to do so. He may not even get up to eat. His house looks like a wreck. Justin's behavior is an example of which negative symptom of schizophrenia?

A) alogia
B) avolition
C) flat affect
D) anhedonia

Question 22

Many people with schizophrenia begin with a(n) ____ phase that can last for days, weeks, months, or even years, often marked by peculiar behaviors.

A) psychotic
B) active
C) prodromal
D) initial

Question 23

People who show features of schizophrenia for one to six months, and whose daily life functioning is not yet greatly impaired, may have

A) pseudoschizophrenia.
B) borderline schizophrenia.
C) schizophreniform disorder.
D) affective disorder.

Question 24

Quentin has been institutionalized due to schizophrenia. He often stands immobile in odd postures for long periods of time. Sometimes when he does this, his limbs may stick out into a walkway, but the staff finds it very easy to move his arms out of the way. In fact, he continues to hold the posture into which they move him. In doing so, Quentin is displaying

A) waxy flexibility.
B) disorganized behavior.
C) stereotypy.
D) echopraxia.

Question 25

"I rang dang sang a long song dong to my tom mom bomb," says Anne. Anne is a patient with schizophrenia, and when she speaks this way, she displays which symptom of the disorder?

A) clanging
B) tangentiality
C) flat affect
D) catalepsy

Question 26

The prodromal phase is characterized by all of the following EXCEPT

A) minor disturbances in speech.
B) withdrawn social interactions.
C) overwhelming hallucinations.
D) depression.

Question 27

Gavin has been holding a nearly immovable position for the past 12 hours. Gavin is displaying a symptom of psychotic symptom known as

A) hallucination.
B) catatonia.
C) alogia.
D) flat affect.

Question 28

Some people with schizophrenia speak quite clearly, stop without warning, and talk about completely different topics. This phenomenon is known as

A) loose associations.
B) neologisms.
C) tangentiality.
D) clang associations.

Question 29

A common four-stage progression of schizophrenic symptoms starts with a ____ phase.

A) active
B) psychotic
C) prodromal
D) residual

Question 30

Liesl has schizophrenia. She says to her mother, "My tie-father's birthday is near!" Her mother understands from the rest of the conversation that Liesl means "brother" when she says "tie-father." Tie-father is an example of which form of disorganized speech?

A) clang association
B) loose association
C) neologism
D) tangentiality

Question 31

Theo believes that someone has been following him. However, there is no evidence to support this belief. Despite Theo's odd belief, he does not appear to exhibit other thoughts or behaviors that are cause for concern. He is most likely to be diagnosed with

A) a delusional disorder.
B) schizophrenia.
C) brief psychotic disorder.
D) no disorder at all given that his belief is nonbizarre.

Question 32

Following the prodromal phase, a person may enter a(n) ____ marked by the first full-blown positive symptoms of schizophrenia such as hallucinations.

A) transitional phase
B) interim phase
C) active phase
D) psychotic phase

Question 33

Many people with schizophrenia show ____ behavior, meaning that their symptoms are present in different combinations and severity.

A) heterogeneous
B) heterozygous
C) homogeneous
D) homozygous

Question 34

Clinicians may have a difficult time distinguishing between severe mood disorder and schizophrenia because

A) the severity precludes the concern with labels.
B) negative schizophrenia symptoms present much like depression.
C) severely disturbed individuals always have both problems.
D) they often alternate on different days.

Question 35

In order to determine if someone meets criteria for schizoaffective disorder or a mood disorder with psychotic features, a clinician must consider

A) the duration of the mood symptoms.
B) if the schizophrenia symptoms are primary or not.
C) the duration of the psychotic symptoms.
D) all of these choices.

Question 36

Serita has experienced psychotic symptoms that have not yet significantly impacted her ability to function, but they are still concerning. According to Serita's mom, Serita suddenly began experiencing these symptoms about four months ago, when they seemed to come on suddenly. Serita seems to have very flat affect and to be confused by her experiences. Given this information, which diagnosis is most appropriate?

A) schizophrenia
B) delusional disorder
C) schizophreniform disorder
D) brief psychotic disorder

Question 37

In what disorder do delusions occur without the other symptoms of schizophrenia?

A) schizophreniform disorder
B) delusional disorder
C) brief psychotic disorder
D) schizoaffective disorder

Question 38

Marnie was hospitalized for psychotic symptoms that made her a danger to herself and others. During this time, she had many hallucinations and delusions, flat affect, and very disorganized thinking. These symptoms had been emerging for many months, but eventually got severe enough after about eight months to require hospitalization. Now, Marnie is out and living in a group home in which she receives extra support and monitoring, as well as transportation to a job. Her thinking is still somewhat unusual, she is still pretty quiet, and she often has trouble paying attention to directions, but her psychotic symptoms are much improved. Marnie is currently experiencing the ____ phase of schizophrenia.

A) prodromal
B) active
C) residual
D) psychotic

Question 39

Someone suffering from symptoms of both schizophrenia and depression in which the symptoms of schizophrenia predominate might most appropriately be diagnosed with

A) schizoaffective disorder.
B) manic-depression.
C) bipolar disorder.
D) severe mood disorder.

Question 40

Amelie has delusional disorder. She believes that Zac Efron, a famous actor, secretly loves her, and that he sends her "messages" through any interactions he has in media interviews. She and Zac Efron have never actually spoken. Amelie has

A) erotomanic delusions.
B) jealous delusions.
C) somatic delusions.
D) all of these types of delusions.

Question 41

Stigma resistance is associated with

A) sufficient friendships in one's social network.
B) insufficient friendships in one's social network.
C) having a large family.
D) having a small family.

Question 42

Evidence for biologic factors in the etiology of schizophrenia is

A) nonexistent.
B) quite strong.
C) quite weak.
D) less than for environmental factors.

Question 43

Which statement about the genetic contribution to schizophrenia is most accurate?

A) The environment is far more important than genetics when it comes to schizophrenia.
B) Most relatives of people with schizophrenia do not develop the disorder themselves.
C) Having even one parent with schizophrenia makes it almost certain that an individual will be diagnosed with schizophrenia.
D) A single genetic mutation, if present, means that an individual will develop schizophrenia.

Question 44

To meet the diagnostic criteria for brief psychotic disorder, a person would have psychotic symptoms for what range of time?

A) one day to less than one month
B) one day to less than one week
C) one to three months
D) six months or less

Question 45

As many as one-half to two-thirds of people with schizophreniform disorder may eventually receive a diagnosis of

A) mixed personality disorders.
B) schizoaffective disorder or delusional disorder.
C) schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder.
D) bipolar disorder.

Question 46

When examining schizophrenia by gender, we find

A) about an equal frequency and severity.
B) women in higher numbers but less severity.
C) men in higher numbers but less severity.
D) men in higher numbers and greater severity.

Question 47

The mild or subtle signs of psychosis that can cause distress and have been studied among as adolescents and young adults may be called

A) severe college stress.
B) academic psychosis.
C) attenuated psychotic symptoms.
D) brief psychotic disorder.

Question 48

Studies find that among those with schizophrenia,

A) arrests for violence are more frequent than in the general public.
B) arrests for violence are less frequent than in the general public.
C) females but not males are more likely to be arrested for violence.
D) violent behaviors are much more subjectively interpreted.

Question 49

Which statement about the epidemiology of schizophrenia is most accurate?

A) Schizophrenia is equally common in males and females and has a median age of onset of 20 to 24 years.
B) Schizophrenia is more common among men, among whom it has a median age of onset of 20 to 24 years.
C) Schizophrenia is more common among females, among whom it has a median age of onset of 20 to 24 years.
D) Schizophrenia is equally common in males and females and has a median age of onset of 25 to 29 years.

Question 50

Current thinking indicates that many people with schizophrenia have multiple genes that work together to help produce the disorder. This is known as a

A) isogenic model.
B) polygenic model.
C) multiple gene model.
D) epigenetic model.

Question 51

Suicide is ____ in people with schizophrenia compared to the general population.

A) less likely
B) more common
C) less violent
D) about as common

Question 52

One key feature in the brains of people with schizophrenia is often

A) an enlarged cortex.
B) an enlarged thalamus.
C) enlarged ventricles.
D) enlarged oracles.

Question 53

A study about stigma among individuals with schizophrenia found that most individuals with schizophrenia

A) conceal their disorder due to fear of stigma.
B) are unaware of how they are stigmatized.
C) disclose their diagnosis to seek hospitalization.
D) are somewhat proud of the uniqueness of their diagnosis.

Question 54

The irrational belief that one's physical body is being affected negatively by an outside source is the key feature of ____ delusions.

A) referential
B) grandiose
C) somatic
D) persecutory

Question 55

Schizophrenic problems related to auditory processing and language have been connected to

A) occipital lobe underdevelopment.
B) thalamus deterioration.
C) poor temporal lobe development.
D) ventromedial hypothalamus irregularity.

Question 56

Which statement about the comorbidities of schizophrenia are most accurate?

A) Because people with schizophrenia already experience altered perceptions, substance use disorders are very rare.
B) The breadth and severity of schizophrenic symptoms makes it rare for people with schizophrenia to be diagnosed with other mental disorders.
C) The diagnostic criteria for schizophrenia specify that no other mental disorders be present, so even if other symptoms are present, no other disorder can be diagnosed.
D) Schizophrenia is especially likely to be comorbid with anxiety-related, depressive, and bipolar disorders.

Question 57

A brief psychotic disorder is one that is limited and temporary, also known as

A) minor, non-lasting psychosis.
B) intermittent/terminated psychosis.
C) acute transient psychosis.
D) transitional delusion.

Question 58

Schizophrenia researchers have paid particular attention to poor development of the ____ lobe of the brain.

A) occipital
B) cortical
C) temporal
D) thalamic

Question 59

People living in ____ settings may be at higher risk for schizophrenia than those in ____ settings.

A) urban; rural
B) suburban; rural
C) rural; urban
D) rural; suburban

Question 60

Who among the following is MOST likely to be diagnosed with schizophrenia?

A) the identical twin of someone with schizophrenia
B) the half-sibling of someone with schizophrenia
C) the fraternal twin of someone with schizophrenia
D) the sibling of someone with schizophrenia

Question 61

The brains of people with schizophrenia tend to show a(n)

A) diminished hypothalamus.
B) enlarged hypothalamus.
C) lack of asymmetry.
D) lack of symmetry.

Question 62

Prenatal risk factors most prominent in schizophrenia include

A) the mother's health, father's health, and mother's trauma.
B) disease exposure, lack of oxygen, and maternal stress.
C) alcohol exposure, drug exposure, and toxic exposure.
D) the inconsistent acceptance of pregnancy.

Question 63

Labeling is the process of

A) assigning someone with a diagnosis of a severe mental disorder.
B) misdiagnosing a person with schizophrenia when he/she really has depression.
C) calling someone with a severe mental disorder by a derogatory name.
D) identifying positive behaviors and reinforcing them.

Question 64

One of the most prominent theories of schizophrenia is that symptoms are caused by an excess of

A) serotonin.
B) noradrenaline.
C) dopamine.
D) GABA.

Question 65

Dopamine receptors, especially D2 receptors, may be ____ in the brains of some people with schizophrenia.

A) looser
B) defective
C) stronger
D) denser

Question 66

Schizophrenia appears to be more common in people

A) from developed countries.
B) who are non-immigrants.
C) from developing countries.
D) who are highly educated.

Question 67

Among persons with schizophrenia, problems with attention

A) may begin in adolescence of childhood.
B) are virtually unheard of.
C) typically do not occur until the individual is very ill.
D) only appear during the residual phase of the disorder.

Question 68

One theory argues that humans tolerate greater deviation from normal function as they

A) develop more social skills.
B) develop more complex social lives.
C) experience more social stigmatization.
D) experience more social isolation.

Question 69

Some theorists believe that early brain changes associated with schizophrenia become especially pertinent when the adolescent brain goes through

A) psychosocial development.
B) psychosexual stages.
C) reorganization and increased use.
D) reorganization and streamlining.

Question 70

A study by Rosenhan underscored the fact that ____ can be quite strong and hard to challenge once a diagnosis of severe mental disorder is given.

A) a prognosis
B) labels
C) cognitive distortions
D) institutionalization

Question 71

Along with dopamine, which of the following neurotransmitters have been implicated in schizophrenia?

A) serotonin
B) GABA
C) glutamate
D) all of these choices

Question 72

Physical problems associated with schizophrenia include

A) irregularities of the ears and head.
B) irregularities of the face and tongue.
C) irregularities of the hands and feet.
D) all of these choices.

Question 73

People with schizophrenia often develop poor social cognition and ____, or an understanding of the thoughts and beliefs of others.

A) social theory
B) theory of socialization
C) theory of mindfulness
D) theory of mind

Question 74

Brain changes and other biological factors may help explain why many people with schizophrenia have several key ____ deficits.

A) socioeconomic
B) educational
C) psychosomatic
D) cognitive

Question 75

Sociocultural models of schizophrenia often focus on

A) social isolation and labeling.
B) inconsistent subcultural values.
C) cultural definitions of abnormality.
D) social aspects that may or may not contribute.

Question 76

According to your textbook, people with psychotic disorders are much more likely to abuse ____ than the general population.

A) marijuana
B) alcohol
C) cocaine
D) painkillers

Question 77

Strange motor movements early on seem to be related to some schizophrenia development later on. These symptoms sometimes predict other disorders such as

A) psychopathy.
B) somatoform disorders.
C) mood disorders.
D) anxiety disorders.

Question 78

Children at risk for developing schizophrenia often show

A) higher than normal intelligence
B) a decline in intelligence over time
C) disproportionately high verbal intelligence
D) average verbal but high nonverbal intelligence

Question 79

The theory that psychotic disorders can develop from early subtle brain changes that get progressively more advanced is called the

A) neurodevelopmental hypothesis.
B) cephalo degeneration theory.
C) neuro psychotic hypothesis.
D) cortical/cerebral model.

Question 80

People with schizophrenia have often experienced

A) traumatic life events and substance abuse.
B) traumatic life events and subsequent overindulgence.
C) overindulgence during childhood and substance abuse.
D) overindulgence during childhood and sexual abuse.