Deck 21: Lymphatic System

Question 1

Lymph is transported through a network of increasingly larger lymphatic passageways. What is the correct order of these, from smallest diameter to largest diameter?

A) Capillaries - ducts - trunks - vessels
B) Ducts - capillaries - vessels - trunks
C) Vessels - capillaries - trunks - ducts
D) Ducts - vessels - capillaries - trunks
E) Capillaries - vessels - trunks - ducts

Answer 1

E

Question 2

The pulsing of arteries that are adjacent to lymphatic vessels provides a pressure on the vessels that helps them propel the lymph.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Fluid collected in lacteals will be carried in ________ trunks.

A) bronchomediastinal
B) lumbar
C) intestinal
D) thoracic

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Lymphatic capillaries

A) cannot be discerned structurally from cardiovascular system capillaries.
B) originate as closed-ended tubes associated with blood capillary networks.
C) filter lymph.
D) concentrate lymph prior to passing it to larger lymphatic vessels.
E) include layers of smooth muscle for peristalsis.

Question 5

The lymphatic system's two main functions are to assist in

A) immunity and fluid balance.
B) blood cell production and endocrine function.
C) endocrine function and neural support.
D) neural support and blood sugar control.
E) removal of fats from the blood and inflammatory responses.

Question 6

A lymphatic capillary that picks up dietary lipids in the small intestine is called a(n)

A) cisterna chyli.
B) lacteal.
C) afferent lymphatic vessel.
D) trabeculum.
E) efferent lymphatic vessel.

Question 7

Lymph contains protein.

Question 8

Lymphatic capillaries

A) are open at both ends.
B) are smaller in diameter than blood capillaries.
C) are like continuous capillaries in that they have many tight junctions.
D) lack a basement membrane.
E) are abundant in epithelial tissues.

Question 9

Lymph contains red blood cells.

Question 10

Lymphatic capillaries originate in the

A) peripheral nervous system ganglia.
B) red bone marrow.
C) yellow bone marrow.
D) tissue spaces between cells.
E) cisterna chyli.

Question 11

The central nervous system contains a dense network of lymphatic capillaries.

Question 12

The walls of the smallest lymphatic vessels contain muscle tissue that rhythmically propels lymph through the system.

Question 13

The force that drives fluid into lymphatic capillaries is

A) osmosis.
B) diffusion of both water and solutes.
C) endocytosis.
D) exocytosis.
E) hydrostatic pressure.

Question 14

Because lymphatic vessels have three tunics (intima, media, and externa) and valves, they structurally resemble

A) veins.
B) arterioles.
C) capillaries.
D) arteries.

Question 15

Like veins, lymphatic vessels rely on skeletal muscle and respiratory pumps to help propel fluid through them.

Question 16

Of the lymphatic trunks, which ones drain lymph from deep thoracic structures?

A) Jugular trunks
B) Subclavian trunks
C) Bronchomediastinal trunks
D) Intestinal trunks
E) Lumbar trunks

Question 17

Migration of cancerous cells through the lymphatic system to other regions of the body is called ________.

Question 18

Structures that connect lymphatic capillary cells to surrounding tissue and prevent the capillaries from collapsing are called ________ filaments.

Question 19

Which fluid does lymph most closely resemble?

A) Whole blood
B) Blood plasma
C) Interstitial fluid
D) Intracellular fluid

Question 20

The path that fluid takes as it enters a lymphatic capillary is through

A) pores (fenestrations) in the cells of the capillary wall.
B) cell membrane leakage channels that allow diffusion.
C) vesicles that move the fluid across the cell (transcytosis).
D) spaces between capillary endothelial cells that are arranged as one-way flaps.
E) active transport protein pumps on endothelial cell membranes.

Question 21

The thymus is at its maximum size

A) at birth.
B) at puberty.
C) between 30 and 50 years of age.
D) in old age.

Question 22

Subclavian trunks drain lymph from the

A) deep thoracic structures.
B) head and neck.
C) upper limbs, breasts, and superficial thorax.
D) abdominopelvic wall.

Question 23

Although they are not a site of lymphocyte formation, ________ lymphatic structures provide sites where immune responses are initiated.

A) hemopoietic
B) primary
C) red marrow
D) secondary

Question 24

The thoracic duct collects lymph from all of the following except the

A) abdomen.
B) left leg.
C) right arm.
D) right foot.
E) left shoulder.

Question 25

Which of the following does not contain red marrow?

A) Ribs
B) Sternum
C) Flat bones of the skull
D) Vertebrae
E) Long bones of digits

Question 26

Which part of a thymic lobule contains mature lymphocytes?

A) Cortex
B) Medulla
C) Capsule
D) Trabecula

Question 27

Where do T-lymphocytes mature?

A) Spleen
B) White bone marrow
C) Tonsils
D) Thymus gland
E) Thyroid gland

Question 28

Red marrow is found within

A) the large cavities contained within the shafts of long bone.
B) compact bone canals.
C) spaces within spongy bone.
D) all osseous tissue of the appendicular skeleton.

Question 29

Lymph from the head and neck is drained by the ________ trunks.

Question 30

B-lymphocytes are

A) antibody-producing red blood cells.
B) platelets that are generated in the thymus.
C) white blood cells that are generated in red bone marrow.
D) immune system cells that are generated in the tonsils.
E) blood cells found only in people with type B blood.

Question 31

Tonsils are secondary lymphatic structures.

Question 32

The ossa coxae contain red marrow.

Question 33

Which is not drained by the right lymphatic duct?

A) Right side of abdomen
B) Right side of thorax
C) Right side of head and neck
D) Right shoulder
E) Right arm

Question 34

Which of the lymphatic trunks drain into the cisterna chyli?

A) Intestinal trunks
B) Lumbar trunks
C) Intestinal trunks and lumbar trunks
D) Subclavian trunks and jugular trunks
E) Bronchomediastinal trunks and intestinal trunks

Question 35

The spleen is considered a primary lymphatic structure.

Question 36

The thoracic duct and the right lymphatic duct empty lymph into the

A) superior vena cava.
B) subclavian veins.
C) inferior vena cava.
D) azygos vein.
E) brachiocephalic veins.

Question 37

Which would be the route taken by lymph traveling from lymphatic vessels in the right leg to the bloodstream?

A) Right lumbar trunk - cisterna chyli - thoracic duct - right subclavian vein
B) Right lumbar trunk - cisterna chyli - thoracic duct - left subclavian vein
C) Right lumbar trunk - right intestinal trunk - right lymphatic duct - right subclavian vein
D) Right femoral trunk - right lumbar trunk - right lymphatic duct - superior vena cava
E) Right femoral trunk - cisterna chyli - thoracic duct - left subclavian vein

Question 38

The letter "T" within "T-lymphocytes" stands for the ________.

Question 39

The term "primary lymphatic structure" applies

A) only to red bone marrow.
B) to the spleen and lymph nodes.
C) to the red bone marrow and thymus.
D) only to lymph nodes.
E) to lymph nodes and MALT.

Question 40

The thymus contains ________ lobes and is located ________.

A) 2; anterior to the laryngeal prominence (Adam's apple)
B) 2; in the mediastinum
C) 4; anterior to the laryngeal prominence (Adam's apple)
D) 4; in the mediastinum

Question 41

Lymphatic organs

A) contain a complete capsule of dense irregular connective tissue.
B) contain an incomplete capsule of dense irregular connective tissue.
C) lack a connective tissue capsule.

Question 42

The thymus contains lymphatic cells as well as secretory ________ tissue.

A) muscle
B) neural
C) epithelial
D) osseous
E) areolar

Question 43

Lymph nodes

A) filter lymph.
B) contain a dense network of collagen fibers.
C) serve as auxiliary exchange surfaces for respiratory gases.
D) produce red blood cells.
E) serve as the main recycling centers for red blood cells and their parts.

Question 44

Lymphatic nodules consist of

A) central arteries and monocytes.
B) lymphatic cells, extracellular matrix, and an incomplete connective tissue capsule.
C) crypts, trabeculae, and Reed-Sternberg cells.
D) afferent vessels, efferent vessels, a cortex, and medulla.
E) a hilum that is located intermediate to two lobules.

Question 45

Which is not correct regarding lymph nodes?

A) They contain strands of lymphatic cells supported by medullary cords.
B) They are drained by efferent lymphatic vessels.
C) They contain macrophages.
D) They filter lymph.
E) No exceptions; all are true of lymph nodes.

Question 46

Which area does not contain MALT?

A) Urinary tract
B) Respiratory tract
C) Genital tract
D) Gastrointestinal tract
E) No exceptions; all choices contain MALT

Question 47

Lymph nodes may be found individually, or clustered in specific regions of the body. Which cluster of lymph nodes receives lymph from the head and neck?

A) Inguinal lymph nodes
B) Cervical lymph nodes
C) Thoracic lymph nodes
D) Axillary lymph nodes
E) Abdominal lymph nodes

Question 48

The pharyngeal tonsils are located

A) along the posterior margins of the tongue.
B) in the posterior wall of the nasopharynx.
C) at the base of the palatoglossal arches.
D) in the posterolateral region of the oral cavity.
E) lateral to the uvula in the oropharynx.

Question 49

With respect to the lymphatic system, what do the letters in the acronym MALT stand for?

A) Membrane-adhering lymphatic T-cells
B) Mucosa-associated lymphatic tissue
C) Multiple-antigen lymphocyte target
D) Multiple-antibody lymphocyte test

Question 50

Tonsils have multiple invaginated outer edges called ________ that help trap material.

A) crypts
B) trabeculae
C) sinuses
D) clefts
E) fissures

Question 51

Which are not tonsils?

A) Adenoids
B) Palatine tonsils
C) Pharyngeal tonsils
D) Lingual tonsils
E) Palatoglossal tonsils

Question 52

Another name for a lymphatic follicle is a

A) lymphatic nodule.
B) white pulp.
C) lymph node medulla.
D) thymic lobule.

Question 53

The appendix contains lymphatic nodules.

Question 54

MALT is found in which layer of the wall of a hollow organ?

A) Epithelial
B) Lamina propria
C) Muscularis externa
D) Submucosa

Question 55

The main function of tonsils is to detect and protect against infections agents that are

A) in the blood.
B) in the lymph.
C) ingested or inhaled.
D) secreted by salivary glands.

Question 56

What conditions would warrant removal of the spleen (splenectomy) or removal of the tonsils (tonsillectomy), and what prognosis or complications (if any) might result from these procedures?

Question 57

Which is not correct regarding lymph nodes?

A) They are covered by a connective tissue capsule.
B) They contain a network of lymphatic sinuses.
C) Each node has an outer cortex and inner medulla.
D) Connective tissue bands called tendineae divide nodes.
E) Lymphatic nodules produce lymphocytes.

Question 58

Regions of MALT called Peyer patches are found in the

A) urinary bladder.
B) stomach.
C) vagina.
D) small intestine.
E) trachea.

Question 59

Fibrous extensions of the connective tissue capsule that surround thymic lobes are known as septa or ________.

Question 60

When women with breast cancer undergo surgery to remove the tumor or the entire breast, the axillary lymph nodes are often removed as well. Why?

A) In removing the breast, the blood supply to the nodes is removed and they will inevitably cease to function.
B) The axillary lymph nodes receive lymph from the breast and may contain cancer cells.
C) The nerves that supply the axillary lymph nodes are often cut during the breast surgery.
D) It is impossible to remove the breast without physically damaging the lymph nodes.
E) With the removal of the breast, there is no further need for lymph drainage and filtering in that part of the body.

Question 61

The thymus gland begins to atrophy immediately after birth.

Question 62

Lymphatic cells, tissues, & organs.

-This figure shows the lymphatic system. Which number indicates the inguinal lymph nodes?

A) 1
B) 4
C) 5
D) 9
E) 10

Question 63

Typically, a hilum of a lymph node contains

A) one afferent lymphatic vessel.
B) one efferent lymphatic vessel.
C) numerous afferent vessels.
D) numerous efferent vessels.

Question 64

Which is not a function of the spleen?

A) Serves as a platelet reservoir
B) Filters blood
C) Filters lymph
D) Recycles aged erythrocytes
E) Houses lymphocytes

Question 65

The cortex of a lymph node contains multiple lymphatic nodules.

Question 66

Lymphatic cells, tissues, & organs.

-This figure shows the lymphatic system. What structure does number 8 indicate?

A) Lymphatic nodule
B) Thymus gland
C) Cisterna chyli
D) Spleen
E) Adenoid

Question 67

Which is not correct regarding the white pulp of the spleen?

A) Its cells include T-lymphocytes, B-lymphocytes, and macrophages.
B) Its cells are arranged in clusters that are circular in shape.
C) It contains a central artery.
D) It serves as a blood reservoir.

Question 68

In which abdominal quadrant is the spleen located?

A) Left upper quadrant
B) Right upper quadrant
C) Left lower quadrant
D) Right lower quadrant

Question 69

The hilum of the spleen is part of its

A) concave anteromedial border.
B) concave posterolateral border.
C) convex anteromedial border.
D) convex posterolateral border.

Question 70

The term "swollen glands" is usually meant to refer to lymph nodes in which

A) the valves of afferent vessels are bulging.
B) macrophages are clogging afferent lymphatic vessels.
C) lymphocytes are proliferating in germinal centers.
D) phagocytes are consuming the infected lymph nodes.
E) macrophages are entering at the hilum.

Question 71

The walls of lymphatic capillaries are only one cell thick.

Question 72

The spleen is essentially a giant lymph node, because it is encapsulated, has trabeculae, and filters lymph to remove antigens.

Question 73

Which is not correct regarding the spleen?

A) It has an outer cortex and inner medulla.
B) It is divided into sections by capsular extensions called trabeculae.
C) Its white pulp contains T-lymphocytes, B-lymphocytes, and macrophages.
D) Its blood is supplied by the splenic artery and drained by the splenic vein.

Question 74

Lymphatic cells, tissues, & organs.

-This figure shows a lymph node and its components. The region indicated by number 1 is a

A) germinal center.
B) mantle zone.
C) cortical sinus.
D) medullary cord.
E) medullary sinus.

Question 75

One of the functions of the spleen is phagocytosis of bacteria in the blood.

Question 76

Which lymphatic organ contains red pulp and white pulp?

A) Thymus gland and lymph nodes
B) Spleen and lymph nodes
C) Lymph nodes
D) Spleen
E) Thymus gland

Question 77

The germinal center of a lymphatic nodule contains proliferating B-lymphocytes and macrophages.

Question 78

Lymphatic cells, tissues, & organs.

-This figure shows a lymph node and its components. What structure is indicated by number 4?

A) Medullary cord
B) Lymphatic nodule
C) Hilum
D) Trabecula
E) Lymphatic sinusoid

Question 79

Within the red pulp of the spleen are enlarged capillaries called ________, which have a discontinuous basal lamina that allows blood cells to enter and exit easily.

A) splenic cords
B) trabecular vessels
C) splenic vessels
D) splenic sinusoids
E) trabecular cords

Question 80

One of the functions of the lymphatic system is to transport fat.