Deck 13: Nervous System: Brain and Cranial Nerves

Question 1

The opening of the neural tube that is closest to the future head is the

A) anterior neural fold.
B) cranial neuropore.
C) rostral neural groove.
D) caudal neural canal.
E) neural crest aperture.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

The portion of the adult brain that includes the cerebrum is derived from which secondary brain vesicle?

A) Telencephalon
B) Diencephalon
C) Myelencephalon
D) Metencephalon
E) Mesencephalon

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Dural venous sinuses are areas where

A) the meningeal and periosteal layers separate to form large blood-filled spaces.
B) cerebrospinal fluid is produced.
C) cerebrospinal fluid is stored.
D) large numbers of nuclei congregate.
E) glial cells are formed.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Which of the cranial meninges consists of dense irregular connective tissue in two layers (the periosteal layer and the meningeal layer)?

A) Pia mater
B) Arachnoid
C) Dura mater
D) Subdural layer
E) Subarachnoid layer

Question 5

Neural tissue develops in the embryo from a portion of the

A) ectoderm.
B) endoderm.
C) mesoderm.

Question 6

The portion of the adult brain that includes the medulla oblongata is derived from which secondary brain vesicle?

A) Telencephalon
B) Diencephalon
C) Myelencephalon
D) Metencephalon
E) Mesencephalon

Question 7

The cerebral cortex consists of ________ matter.

A) gray
B) white

Question 8

Which secondary brain vesicle forms the portion of the adult brain that includes the epithalamus, thalamus, and hypothalamus?

A) Telencephalon
B) Diencephalon
C) Myelencephalon
D) Metencephalon
E) Mesencephalon

Question 9

Arrange the five secondary vesicles in the correct anterior to posterior order.
A: Diencephalon
B: Myelencephalon
C: Telencephalon
D: Metencephalon
E: Mesencephalon

A) b, a, c, d, e
B) a, b, c, d, e
C) b, c, a, e, d
D) c, d, e, a, b
E) c, a, e, d, b

Question 10

The portion of the adult brain that includes the cerebral peduncles, superior colliculi, and inferior colliculi is derived from which secondary brain vesicle?

A) Telencephalon
B) Diencephalon
C) Myelencephalon
D) Metencephalon
E) Mesencephalon

Question 11

Arrange the primary brain vesicles in the correct anterior to posterior order.
A: Rhombencephalon
B: Mesencephalon
C: Prosencephalon

A) a, c, b
B) b, a, c
C) a, b, c
D) c, b, a
E) c, a, b

Question 12

Lobes of the brain are named for the bones that protect them, and these lobes are part of the

A) cerebrum.
B) cerebellum.
C) diencephalon.
D) metencephalon.

Question 13

The shallow depressions between folds on the surface of the brain are called

A) gyri.
B) sulci.
C) ventricles.
D) syncitia.

Question 14

The primary vesicle from which the metencephalon arises is the

A) diencephalon.
B) rhombencephalon.
C) mesencephalon.
D) myelencephalon.
E) prosencephalon.

Question 15

The process by which the notochord induces the formation of the neural tube is known as ________.

Question 16

In human brain anatomy, the term ________ is synonymous with anterior.

A) caudal
B) dorsal
C) rostral

Question 17

The meninx composed of a delicate web of collagen and elastic fibers is the

A) pia mater.
B) arachnoid mater.
C) dura mater.
D) periosteal layer.
E) subarachnoid layer.

Question 18

The scientific name for the embryonic midbrain is the ________.

Question 19

Clusters of gray matter that contain neuron cell bodies and lie within masses of white matter are the

A) cortex.
B) cerebral ganglia.
C) cerebral nuclei.
D) cerebral peduncles.
E) ventricles.

Question 20

What is the correct order for the cranial meninges, from superficial to deep?
A: Dura mater
B: Pia mater
C: Arachnoid mater

A) a, b, c
B) a, c, b
C) b, a, c
D) b, c, a
E) c, b, a

Question 21

The brain ventricle located between the pons and the cerebellum is the ________ ventricle.

A) third
B) lateral
C) fourth
D) median
E) falx

Question 22

Lipid-soluble compounds are incapable of penetrating the blood-brain barrier.

Question 23

The type of glial cell that plays a critical role in the formation of CSF is the ________ cell.

Question 24

The amount of CSF within the brain at any given moment is approximately

A) 600 ml.
B) 1,200 ml.
C) 130 ml.
D) 12 ml.
E) 4,800 ml.

Question 25

The blood-brain barrier is made up of

A) microglial extensions and capillary endothelial cells.
B) ependymal cells and venous blood vessels.
C) astrocyte perivascular feet and capillary endothelial cells.
D) astrocyte extensions and dural sinuses.
E) astrocyte perivascular feet and the falx cerebri.

Question 26

Excess CSF is removed from the subarachnoid space by

A) the median aperture.
B) microglia.
C) astrocytes.
D) arachnoid villi.
E) the choroid plexus.

Question 27

List these events in the correct order for CSF flow in the CNS.
A: CSF flows into the arachnoid villi
B: CSF enters the blood
C: CSF flows through the cerebral aqueduct to the 4th ventricle
D: CSF flows into the subarachnoid space
E: CSF is produced by the choroid plexus

A) a, b, c, e, d
B) e, a, b, c, d
C) c, d, a, e, b
D) e, c, d, a, b
E) e, d, a, b, c

Question 28

A sickle-shaped vertical partition that divides the left and right cerebellar hemispheres is the

A) diaphragma sellae.
B) falx cerebelli.
C) tentorium cerebelli.
D) superior sagittal sinus.
E) falx cerebri.

Question 29

The area underneath the middle meninx where cerebrospinal fluid is located is the ________ space.

Question 30

Cerebrospinal fluid is formed by the

A) choroid plexus.
B) arachnoid villi.
C) arachnoid granulation.
D) septum pellucidum.
E) mesencephalic aqueduct.

Question 31

Which is not a function of cerebrospinal fluid?

A) CSF helps to remove waste products from the brain.
B) CSF helps to reduce the effective weight of the brain.
C) CSF transports nutrients and chemicals to the brain.
D) CSF helps to promote mitosis within neuronal tissue.
E) CSF provides a liquid cushion to protect the brain from sudden movements.

Question 32

Endothelial cells within capillaries of the brain are linked to their neighbors by ________ junctions that prevent diffusion of some substances across the capillary wall.

Question 33

The largest of the four dural septa, this large, sickle-shaped vertical fold of dura mater separates the left and right cerebral hemispheres.

A) Diaphragma sellae
B) Falx cerebelli
C) Tentorium cerebelli
D) Superior sagittal sinus
E) Falx cerebri

Question 34

The partition between the lateral ventricles is the

A) central canal.
B) interventricular foramen.
C) mesencephalic aqueduct.
D) ventricular canal.
E) septum pellucidum.

Question 35

The brain floats within the cerebrospinal fluid.

Question 36

The horizontally-oriented fold of dura mater that separates the occipital and temporal lobes of the cerebrum from the cerebellum is the

A) diaphragma sellae.
B) falx cerebelli.
C) tentorium cerebelli.
D) superior sagittal sinus.
E) falx cerebri.

Question 37

The blood-brain barrier is reduced or missing from three locations in the brain. Which is not one of these locations?

A) Hypothalamus
B) Pineal gland
C) Cerebrum
D) Choroid plexus

Question 38

The brain ventricle located in the diencephalon is the ________ ventricle.

A) third
B) lateral
C) fourth
D) median
E) falx

Question 39

The meninx composed of a thin layer of delicate areolar connective tissue that follows every contour of the brain surface is the

A) pia mater.
B) arachnoid mater.
C) dura mater.
D) periosteal layer.
E) subdural layer.

Question 40

A brain ventricle located in the cerebrum is the ________ ventricle.

A) third
B) lateral
C) fourth
D) median
E) falx

Question 41

The frontal eye field is immediately anterior to the premotor cortex.

Question 42

A person with damage to the premotor cortex area that coordinates eye movements

A) can read but cannot understand the words.
B) cannot read or understand the words.
C) can understand the words but cannot follow the lines on the page.
D) can process linguistic information visually but not through auditory inputs.

Question 43

The portion of the brain involved primarily with vision is the

A) occipital lobe.
B) temporal lobe.
C) insula.
D) parietal lobe.
E) frontal lobe.

Question 44

The Wernicke area is the motor speech area of the frontal lobe.

Question 45

Association tracts

A) connect different regions of the cerebral cortex with the opposite hemisphere.
B) extend between the right and left cerebral hemispheres.
C) link the cerebral cortex to the caudal brain regions and the spinal cord.
D) connect different regions of the cerebral cortex within the same hemisphere.
E) None of the choices is correct.

Question 46

Most commonly, which cerebral hemisphere is responsible for controlling speech?

A) Left
B) Right

Question 47

The feet of the sensory homunculus are located

A) medially on the postcentral gyrus.
B) medially on the precentral gyrus.
C) laterally on the postcentral gyrus.
D) laterally on the precentral gyrus.

Question 48

Generally, the left cerebral hemisphere issues motor commands for the right side of the body.

Question 49

The primary gustatory cortex processes information about ________ and is located in the ________.

A) sound; cerebellum
B) taste; insula
C) taste; frontal lobe
D) smell; parietal lobe
E) smell; temporal lobe

Question 50

Commissural tracts

A) extend between the right and left cerebral hemispheres.
B) connect a region of one lobe with another lobe in the same hemisphere.
C) connect different regions within a lobe.
D) connect different regions of the cerebral cortex within the same hemisphere.
E) link the cerebral cortex to the caudal brain regions and the spinal cord.

Question 51

One function of the brain's frontal lobe is

A) smell.
B) verbal communication.
C) hearing.
D) speech interpretation.
E) vision.

Question 52

Cerebral lateralization refers to the

A) difficulty in assigning a precise function to a specific region of the cortex.
B) generalization that both cerebral hemispheres receive their sensory information from and project motor commands to the opposite side of the body.
C) separation of the various lobes of the brain from each other.
D) crisscrossing of information between the two hemispheres.
E) functional differences between the right and left hemispheres.

Question 53

The lobe that is immediately posterior to the central sulcus and that is involved in general sensory functions is the

A) occipital lobe.
B) temporal lobe.
C) insula.
D) parietal lobe.
E) frontal lobe.

Question 54

Which of the five cerebral lobes is the one not visible on the surface of the brain?

A) Insula
B) Temporal
C) Frontal
D) Occipital
E) Parietal

Question 55

Primary sensory areas of the brain have connections to association areas. What are the names, locations, and functions of the association areas for sight, hearing, and touch?

Question 56

The major pathway of communication between the right and left hemispheres is the

A) cerebral gyri.
B) cerebral sulci.
C) longitudinal fissure.
D) hypothalamus.
E) corpus callosum.

Question 57

Association areas

A) correlate information from opposite sides of the brain.
B) correlate similar functions from different lobes on the same side of the brain.
C) correlate similar functions from the same lobes on the opposite side of the brain.
D) integrate new sensory inputs with memories of past experiences.
E) integrate outgoing motor information.

Question 58

Projection tracts

A) extend between the right and left cerebral hemispheres.
B) link the cerebral cortex to the caudal brain regions and the spinal cord.
C) connect different regions within a lobe.
D) connect different regions of the cerebral cortex within the same hemisphere.
E) connect a region of one lobe with another lobe in the same hemisphere.

Question 59

The location of conscious thought processes and the origin of all complex intellectual functions is the

A) cerebellum.
B) pons.
C) hypothalamus.
D) corpus callosum.
E) cerebrum.

Question 60

The lateral sulcus is superior to the

A) occipital lobe.
B) temporal lobe.
C) insula.
D) parietal lobe.
E) frontal lobe.

Question 61

Which skills are associated with the right hemisphere for most individuals?

A) Language and task sequencing
B) Categorization and symbolization
C) Visuospatial skills and music
D) Mathematics and the partitioning of information into small fragments

Question 62

A football player can hear his coach's voice above the noise of the crowd and can sense an opponent about to run him down. These abilities are due to the action of what part of the brain?

A) Hypothalamus
B) Epithalamus
C) Thalamus
D) Pineal body
E) Pons

Question 63

Which part of the brain contains the epithalamus, hypothalamus, and the thalamus?

A) Pons
B) Medulla oblongata
C) Diencephalon
D) Cerebrum
E) Cerebellum

Question 64

Which structure plays a crucial role in filtering out the irrelevant noise at a crowded party so that you can listen to someone speaking to you?

A) Thalamus
B) Hypothalamus
C) Epithalamus

Question 65

The brain region that exerts significant control over the endocrine system is the

A) pons.
B) thalamus.
C) hypothalamus.
D) epithalamus.

Question 66

This portion of the brain forms part of the roof of the diencephalon and covers the third ventricle. Its posterior portion houses the pineal gland and the habenular nuclei.

A) Epithalamus
B) Thalamus
C) Hypothalamus
D) Cerebellum
E) Infundibulum

Question 67

The hypothalamus exerts master control over the motor system.

Question 68

Following a head injury, a young woman frequently loses her temper and is often depressed and otherwise "moody." What part of the brain do you think has been damaged?

A) Amygdaloid body
B) Caudate nucleus
C) Putamen
D) Globus pallidus
E) Claustrum

Question 69

This portion of the brain secretes the hormone melatonin, which helps to regulate the body's circadian rhythm.

A) Habenular nucleus
B) Anterior nucleus
C) Pineal gland
D) Mammillary body
E) Paraventricular nucleus

Question 70

This nucleus both excites and inhibits the activities of the thalamus to control and adjust muscle tone.

A) Amygdaloid body
B) Caudate nucleus
C) Putamen
D) Globus pallidus
E) Claustrum

Question 71

Which structure serves as the main relay point for sensory information that is headed to a primary sensory region of the cerebral cortex?

A) Hypothalamus
B) Epithalamus
C) Thalamus
D) Pineal body
E) Pons

Question 72

Which structures form the lentiform nucleus?

A) Putamen and globus pallidus
B) Globus pallidus and caudate nucleus
C) Caudate nucleus and claustrum
D) Putamen and claustrum
E) Amygdaloid body and globus pallidus

Question 73

The ________ hemisphere is known for its involvement in categorization, symbolization, and analytical reasoning.

A) left
B) right

Question 74

Paired, irregular masses of gray matter buried deep within the central white matter in the basal region of the cerebral hemispheres, inferior to the floor of the lateral ventricle, are the

A) cerebral nuclei.
B) corpus callosi.
C) inferior colliculi.
D) interthalamic adhesions.
E) ventricular connections.

Question 75

The bundle of projection tracts that passes between the cerebral nuclei and the thalamus is the ________ capsule.

Question 76

Functions of the hypothalamus include regulation of body temperature and water intake.

Question 77

The left hemisphere is dominant for speech in almost all right-handed people and in many left-handed ones.

Question 78

Anatomical asymmetries between the two cerebral hemispheres are known as ________.

Question 79

Which nucleus stimulates the muscles to produce the pattern of arm and leg movements associated with walking?

A) Amygdaloid body
B) Caudate nucleus
C) Putamen
D) Globus pallidus
E) Claustrum

Question 80

Which nucleus is part of the lentiform nucleus that controls muscular movement at the subconscious level?

A) Amygdaloid body
B) Caudate nucleus
C) Putamen
D) Dentate nucleus
E) Claustrum