Deck 9: Skeletal System: Articulations

Question 1

Functionally, a gomphosis is categorized as a

A) cartilagenous joint.
B) diarthrosis.
C) synarthrosis.
D) synovial joint.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

The term "diarthrosis" refers to a joint that is

A) immobile.
B) freely mobile.
C) fused.
D) slightly mobile.
E) dislocated.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Which is not a cartilaginous joint?

A) First costochondral joint
B) Intervertebral joint
C) Second costochondral joint
D) First sternocostal joint
E) Second sternocostal joint

Answer 3

E

Question 4

Structurally, a syndesmosis is a ________ joint; functionally, it is a(n) ________.

A) cartilagenous; diarthrosis
B) cartilagenous; amphiarthrosis
C) fibrous; amphiarthrosis
D) fibrous; synarthrosis
E) ball and socket; pivot

Question 5

A synarthrosis is

A) always made of cartilage.
B) a joint that has a capsule.
C) a joint within a fetus that ossifies during early development.
D) immobile.
E) slightly mobile.

Question 6

Sutures are joints that are found

A) throughout the axial and appendicular skeletons.
B) between all bones and teeth of the skull.
C) between certain bones of the skull.
D) only where a facial bone articulates with a cranial bone.

Question 7

A fibrous joint contains a joint capsule.

Question 8

A synarthrotic joint would have

A) high mobility and high stability.
B) high mobility and low stability.
C) low mobility and low stability.
D) low mobility and high stability.

Question 9

Sutures permit skull growth during childhood.

Question 10

A slightly mobile joint is referred to as a(n) ________.

Question 11

In a young person, the joint between the sphenoid bone and the occipital bone is a

A) suture.
B) synchondrosis.
C) syndesmosis.
D) symphysis.
E) gomphosis.

Question 12

The pubic symphysis is classified as a

A) cartilaginous joint and an amphiarthrosis.
B) fibrous joint and a synarthrosis.
C) synovial joint and a diarthrosis.
D) cartilaginous joint and a synarthrosis.
E) fibrous joint and an amphiarthrosis.

Question 13

Gomphoses

A) contain fluid-filled joint cavities.
B) are found only in tooth sockets.
C) consist of sheets of hyaline cartilage.
D) cover the tendons in the shoulder and coxal joints.
E) are also called saddle joints.

Question 14

The interosseous membrane between the radius and the ulna is an example of a

A) synchondrosis.
B) suture.
C) synostosis.
D) synarthrosis.
E) syndesmosis.

Question 15

An articular capsule is present in

A) fibrous joints.
B) fibrous joints and cartilaginous joints.
C) synovial joints.
D) fibrous joints and synovial joints.
E) all joints.

Question 16

In a gomphosis, a tooth is held in place by fibrous structures known as ________ membranes.

Question 17

In fibrous joints, the articulating surfaces are held together by

A) dense regular connective tissue.
B) areolar connective tissue.
C) dense irregular connective tissue.
D) fibrocartilage.
E) articular cartilage.

Question 18

The connection between a tooth and jaw bone is an example of a joint.

Question 19

Which is not correct regarding articulations?

A) An articulation is a joint between a bone and another bone, cartilage, or tooth.
B) All articulations contain some type of cartilage.
C) Arthrology is the scientific study of articulations.
D) Articulations can range in motion from freely mobile to immobile.
E) There are three structural categories of articulations.

Question 20

The sagittal suture is a(n)

A) cartilaginous joint.
B) fibrous joint.
C) synovial joint.
D) synchondrosis.
E) amphiarthrosis.

Question 21

Which of these synovial joints does not have at least one rounded or convex surface?

A) Saddle
B) Ball and socket
C) Pivot
D) Plane
E) Condylar

Question 22

One of the functions of synovial fluid is to act as a shock absorber that distributes force evenly across the joint surface.

Question 23

The ________ joint is the simplest synovial joint and also the least mobile synovial joint.

A) pivot
B) plane
C) hinge
D) saddle
E) suture

Question 24

In the body, a joint serves as a(n) ________ for a long bone.

A) fulcrum
B) lever
C) effort arm
D) resistor

Question 25

What type of cartilage is located between the bones in a symphysis?

A) Elastic cartilage
B) Reticular cartilage
C) Hyaline cartilage
D) Fibrocartilage
E) Sutural cartilage

Question 26

Which is not a function of synovial fluid?

A) Nourishes osteocytes
B) Lubricates articulating surfaces
C) Removes wastes
D) Serves as shock absorber
E) Distributes stress forces across articular surfaces

Question 27

The metatarsophalangeal joints allow movement in two planes and are classified as ________ joints.

A) planar
B) ball and socket
C) condylar
D) pivot
E) hinge

Question 28

Synovial fluid is

A) a watery fluid produced by hyaline cartilage.
B) an oily fluid produced by the synovial membrane.
C) a watery fluid produced by capsular ligaments.
D) an oily fluid produced by articular cartilage.

Question 29

Fluid-filled sacs that cushion synovial joints are called

A) fat pads.
B) articular discs.
C) bursae.
D) menisci.
E) diarthroses.

Question 30

Which is not a correct pairing of a joint with its classification?

A) Tibiofemoral - hinge
B) Glenohumeral - ball and socket
C) Trapezium and first metacarpal - saddle
D) Intertarsal - condylar
E) Proximal radioulnar - pivot

Question 31

Based on its range of motion, the elbow is classified as a(n) ________ joint.

A) multiaxial
B) gliding
C) uniaxial
D) biaxial
E) ellipsoid

Question 32

The fixed point around which a lever rotates is the

A) fulcrum.
B) condyle.
C) resistance node.
D) effort arm.
E) multiaxis.

Question 33

Which is false regarding ligaments?

A) Intracapsular ligaments are within the articular capsule.
B) Ligaments are composed of dense regular connective tissue.
C) Extrinsic ligaments are physically separate from the articular capsule.
D) Intrinsic ligaments are thickenings of the articular cartilage.
E) Extracapsular ligaments are outside the articular capsule.

Question 34

Which joint is multiaxial?

A) Pivot
B) Ball and socket
C) Condylar
D) Plane
E) Hinge

Question 35

The joint formed by the axis and atlas that permits the "no" shaking of the head is a ________ joint.

A) condylar
B) hinge
C) plane
D) pivot
E) saddle

Question 36

A tendon sheath is a fat pad that fills the spaces that form when bones move.

Question 37

Articular cartilage is composed of hyaline cartilage that lacks a perichondrium.

Question 38

Which are not considered to be features of a synovial joint?

A) Muscles
B) Nerves
C) Blood vessels
D) Articular cartilage
E) Synovial fluid

Question 39

A ________ is an elongated, rigid object that can be used to alter the distance of movement produced by a force.

Question 40

Which is false about synovial joints?

A) All articulating bone surfaces are covered with articular cartilage.
B) Synovial joints are enclosed by fibrous articular capsules.
C) Synovial fluid is secreted by the synovial membrane.
D) Ligaments strengthen and reinforce joints.
E) Blood circulates within the joint cavity to nourish the articular cartilage.

Question 41

When the arm is raised anteriorly, the movement at the shoulder is

A) extension.
B) flexion.
C) abduction.
D) adduction.
E) rotation.

Question 42

In general, the movements demonstrated at plane joints between the carpals are

A) rotations.
B) gliding movements.
C) flexions and extensions.
D) circumductions.
E) pivots.

Question 43

Circumduction is an example of a gliding motion.

Question 44

If you move your head in such a way to look up at the ceiling, you are ________ your neck.

A) hyperextending
B) rotating
C) circumducting
D) flexing
E) elevating

Question 45

The movement that occurs when the trunk of the body moves in a coronal plane laterally away from the body is

A) adduction.
B) hyperextension.
C) eversion
D) lateral flexion.
E) gliding.

Question 46

The part of a lever from the fulcrum to the point of effort is called the effort arm.

Question 47

Movement of a body part toward the main axis of the body is called

A) abduction.
B) flexion.
C) inversion.
D) retraction.
E) adduction.

Question 48

When considering joints in the human body, the most common lever type is the

A) first-class lever.
B) second-class lever.
C) third-class lever.

Question 49

When the angle between articulating bones increases beyond the anatomic position, the movement is referred to as

A) dislocation.
B) supination.
C) hyperextension.
D) hyperflexion.
E) hypertrophy.

Question 50

Adduction is an example of an angular motion.

Question 51

Our calf muscles contract to cause plantar flexion, resembling the lever system of a wheelbarrow. Therefore, it is a ________ -class lever.

A) first
B) second
C) third

Question 52

When the distal end of a limb makes a circular motion while the proximal end of the limb stays stationary, such that the entire limb's movement defines an imaginary cone shape, the motion is known as ________.

Question 53

The ankle joint is the only joint that makes the movements "dorsiflexion" and "plantar flexion."

Question 54

Humans are able to grasp objects between the thumb and fingers due to a special joint movement called ________.

Question 55

A movement that increases or decreases the angle between two bones is a(n) ________ motion.

A) angular
B) rotational
C) eversion
D) sliding

Question 56

When considering leverage, the part of the bone from the muscle attachment to the joint would be the

A) fulcrum.
B) effort arm.
C) resistance arm.

Question 57

Gliding is an example of an angular motion.

Question 58

If a heavy load is at one end of a lever, the distance between the fulcrum and that load is called the

A) effort arm.
B) resistance arm.
C) lever length.

Question 59

Rotation of the forearm so as to direct the palm anteriorly (as in anatomic position) is called

A) abduction.
B) pronation.
C) eversion.
D) supination.
E) protraction.

Question 60

In a first-class lever

A) the fulcrum is in the middle, between the effort and the resistance.
B) the resistance is between the fulcrum and the effort.
C) the effort is between the resistance and the fulcrum.
D) there is no effort arm.

Question 61

When protracting the jaw or making small side-to-side movements during chewing, the temporomandibular joint makes ________ movements.

A) rotation
B) gliding
C) flexion
D) extension
E) circumduction

Question 62

Which is not a correct pairing of a joint with its common name?

A) Radiocarpal joint - wrist
B) Glenohumeral joint - elbow
C) Metacarpophalangeal - knuckle
D) Temporomandibular - TMJ
E) Talocrural - ankle

Question 63

Which does not correctly pair a movement with its opposing movement?

A) Flexion - extension
B) Abduction - adduction
C) Pronation - supination
D) Elevation - retraction
E) Dorsiflexion - plantar flexion

Question 64

The glenohumeral ligaments are

A) strong and distinct.
B) weak and indistinct.

Question 65

In the temporomandibular joint, a pad of fibrocartilage called the ________ divides the synovial cavity into two separate chambers.

A) meniscus
B) articular disc
C) mandibular partition
D) sphenomandibular ligament
E) coronoid capsule

Question 66

The coracoclavicular ligament is a ________ ligament that connects the clavicle to part of the ________.

A) strong; scapula
B) strong; sternum
C) weak; scapula
D) weak; sternum

Question 67

Which ligament is not associated with the glenohumeral joint?

A) Coracoacromial ligament
B) Coracohumeral ligament
C) Glenohumeral ligament
D) Humeral collateral ligament

Question 68

When elevating the mandible to chew food, the temporomandibular joint functions as a ________ joint.

A) pivot
B) ball and socket
C) hinge
D) saddle

Question 69

The articular capsule of the temporomandibular joint is exceptionally

A) loose.
B) tight.

Question 70

Clenching the fingers to make a fist, then relaxing and straightening them, is an example of ________ followed by ________.

A) flexion; extension
B) extension; flexion
C) adduction; abduction
D) abduction; adduction
E) extension; hyperextension

Question 71

Lateral rotation is also known as external rotation.

Question 72

Medial rotation turns the anterior surface of the femur or humerus away from the main axis of the body.

Question 73

The acromioclavicular joint is part of the

A) sternum.
B) shoulder.
C) elbow.
D) neck.
E) cranium.

Question 74

The glenohumeral joint exhibits

A) a high degree of stability and a wide range of motion.
B) a high degree of stability but a narrow range of motion.
C) a low level of stability but a wide range of motion.
D) a low level of stability and a narrow range of motion.

Question 75

The sternoclavicular joint is a saddle joint with a ________ range of movement.

A) wide
B) narrow

Question 76

One of the weakest parts of the shoulder is the part that lacks tendons of the rotator cuff. This weak area is the ________ aspect of the shoulder.

A) inferior
B) superior
C) anterior
D) posterior

Question 77

If you were to reach out your hand to receive a set of keys from someone, what movements of your forearm and hand would be involved?

A) Pronation and adduction
B) Supination and extension
C) Depression and flexion
D) Protraction and rotation
E) Eversion and abduction

Question 78

The sternoclavicular joint contains an articular disc.

Question 79

The joint movement called eversion involves

A) lateral rotation of the coxal joint.
B) medial rotation of the coxal joint.
C) turning the sole of the foot laterally.
D) turning the palm of the hand laterally.
E) turning the palm of the hand or sole of the foot laterally.

Question 80

The temporomandibular joint is the only mobile joint between skull bones.