Deck 6: Integumentary System

Question 1

The skin's immune responsiveness will be diminished by a decrease in the number of epidermal ________ cells.

Answer 1

dendritic
Langerhans

Question 2

What type of epithelium is found in the epidermis?

A) Keratinized stratified squamous
B) Nonkeratinized stratified squamous
C) Keratinized stratified cuboidal
D) Nonkeratinized stratitified cuboidal
E) Transitional

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Thick skin contains

A) seven epidermal strata and lacks sweat glands.
B) five epidermal strata and lacks sweat glands.
C) four epidermal strata and lacks sebaceous glands.
D) six epidermal strata and lacks sweat glands.
E) five epidermal strata and lacks sebaceous glands.

Answer 3

E

Question 4

Which are applicable to the stratum corneum?
A: Most superficial stratum
B: Consists of about 3-5 cell layers
C: Cells are dead
D: Interlocking keratinized cells
E: Cells are anucleate

A) a, c, d
B) a, c, e
C) a, b, d
D) a, c, d, e
E) a, b, c, d, e

Question 5

From deep to superficial, the order of the strata of the epidermis is

A) Basale - spinosum - granulosum - lucidum - corneum
B) Spinosum - granulosum - basale - lucidum - corneum
C) Corneum - lucidum - granulosum - spinosum - basale
D) Basale - granulosum - spinosum - lucidum - corneum
E) Corneum - granulosum - lucidum - spinosum - basale

Question 6

Another name for the skin is the ________ membrane.

A) serous
B) parietal
C) mucous
D) cutaneous
E) visceral

Question 7

Epidermal dendritic (Langerhans) cells function as part of the ________ response.

A) immune
B) sensory
C) tanning
D) heating
E) sweating

Question 8

Which skin markings usually disappear during childhood?

A) Friction ridges
B) Capillary hemangiomas
C) Cavernous hemangiomas
D) Pili
E) Nevi

Question 9

Which is not a function of the integument?

A) Protection
B) Water loss prevention
C) Temperature regulation
D) Synthesis of cholecalciferol (vitamin D precursor)
E) No exceptions; all are functions of the integument

Question 10

The stratum ________ is found only in thick skin, such as the skin covering the palms and soles.

Question 11

Tactile (Merkel) cells are sensitive to

A) sound.
B) light.
C) touch.
D) heat.
E) cold.

Question 12

Normally, skin color results from a combination of
A: melanin
B: hemoglobin
C: bilirubin
D: carotene

A) a, b, d
B) a, c, d
C) a, d
D) a, b, c
E) b, c, d

Question 13

The function of melanin in the skin is to

A) reduce water loss.
B) prevent infections.
C) help regulate body temperature.
D) protect against UV light.
E) keep the epidermis soft and pliable.

Question 14

The stratum ________ derives its name from the spiny appearance of the "bridges" that connect neighboring cells.

Question 15

The process of keratinization begins in the stratum granulosum.

Question 16

Within the body, carotene is converted to

A) vitamin A, which is important for auditory function.
B) vitamin E, which is important for auditory function
C) vitamin E, which is important for visual function.
D) vitamin A, which is important for visual function.

Question 17

Keratinocytes are

A) the most abundant cell type in the epidermis.
B) found throughout all epidermal strata.
C) sometimes alive and sometimes dead, depending on where they are found.
D) able to synthesize the protein keratin.
E) All of the choices are correct.

Question 18

Generally, people have ________ number of melanocytes ________.

A) about the same; no matter where they live
B) a highly variable; irrespective of where they live
C) a lower; if they live in colder climates of the northern hemisphere
D) a higher; if they live in the warmer climates near the equator
E) a higher; if they live in the southern hemisphere

Question 19

What type of stimulus is detected by the sensory receptors of the skin?

A) Heat
B) Cold
C) Pressure
D) Vibration
E) All of the choices are correct.

Question 20

Freckles are the result of

A) melanocyte number and genetic inheritance.
B) melanocyte number and sun exposure.
C) melanocyte activity, genetic inheritance, and sun exposure.
D) melanocyte number, genetic inheritance, and diet.
E) melanocyte activity and diet.

Question 21

Areas where adult males tend to accumulate subcutaneous fat include the

A) hips and buttocks.
B) abdomen, forearms, and hips.
C) neck, abdomen, and buttocks.
D) breasts, upper back, and buttocks.

Question 22

Fine hair called ________, which is unpigmented or lightly pigmented, is the primary human hair and is found on the upper and lower limbs.

A) terminal
B) lanugo
C) vellus
D) cuticle
E) phalanx

Question 23

Among the components of the dermis are
A: sweat glands
B: hair follicles
C: collagen fibers
D: sensory nerve endings
E: arrector pili muscles

A) a, b, d
B) a, c, d
C) a, b, d, e
D) a, b, c, e
E) a, b, c, d, e

Question 24

Lines of cleavage are a result of

A) the alignment of dermal papillae.
B) the orientation of collagen fibers in the dermis.
C) the alignment of epidermal ridges.
D) wounds to the epidermis such as hemangiomas.

Question 25

Nails are hard derivatives formed from the stratum ________ of the epidermis.

A) granulosum
B) basale
C) lucidum
D) corneum
E) spinosum

Question 26

The white crescent at the proximal end of the nail plate is called the ________.

Question 27

Another name for the cuticle is the

A) eponychium.
B) hyponychium.
C) nail bed.
D) nail matrix.
E) nail root.

Question 28

What is the composition of the subcutaneous layer?

A) Adipose connective tissue
B) Areolar connective tissue
C) Dense irregular connective tissue
D) Areolar connective tissue and dense irregular connective tissue
E) Areolar connective tissue and adipose connective tissue

Question 29

The part of the hair that extends beyond the skin surface is called the

A) shaft.
B) root.
C) bulb.
D) papilla.
E) alopecia.

Question 30

Fingernails are helpful in protecting the distal tips of fingers and in grasping small objects.

Question 31

Blood capillaries that supply nourishment for the epidermis are located in the

A) dermal papillae.
B) epidermal ridges.
C) reticular connective tissue.
D) epidermis proper.
E) subcutaneous layer.

Question 32

While most of the cells in a hair are dead, the living epithelial cells are found in

A) the cuticle of the hair shaft.
B) the cortex of the hair shaft.
C) the hair bulb.
D) the hyponychium.

Question 33

Which is the actively growing part of the nail?

A) Free edge
B) Nail root
C) Nail bed
D) Nail folds
E) Nail matrix

Question 34

Why might someone pale when they are exposed to a cold temperature?

A) Vasodilation has occurred
B) Vasoconstriction has occurred
C) Purely psychological
D) Dehydration of the stratum corneum
E) Constriction of the dermal collagen and elastic fibers

Question 35

The reticular layer of the dermis consists primarily of

A) adipose tissue.
B) reticular connective tissue.
C) dense irregular connective tissue.
D) nervous tissue.
E) elastic connective tissue.

Question 36

The deeper sublayer of the dermis is the ________ layer, and it is the ________ of the two.

A) reticular, thicker
B) reticular, thinner
C) papillary, thicker
D) papillary, thinner

Question 37

To speed healing from surgery, incisions should be placed ________ to lines of cleavage.

A) parallel
B) perpendicular

Question 38

Which type of hair forms the beard on the faces of males?

A) Terminal
B) Lanugo
C) Vellus
D) Nonpigmented
E) Pilus

Question 39

The hypodermis is rich in adipose, and thus its functions include

A) frequent regeneration, structural support, and defense against infection.
B) maintenance of boundaries and sensation of stimuli.
C) water regulation and vitamin synthesis.
D) organ protection, energy storage, and thermal insulation.

Question 40

Which of these comprise the nail plate?
A: Free edge
B: Nail folds
C: Eponychium
D: Nail root
E: Nail body

A) a, d, e
B) a, b, d, e
C) a, b, c, e
D) a, c, d, e
E) a, b, e

Question 41

The epithelial tissue root sheath is the ________ layer of the concentric layers making up the hair follicle wall; it derives from the ________.

A) inner; epidermis
B) inner; dermis
C) outer; epidermis
D) outer; dermis

Question 42

The type of gland that secretes sweat into a hair follicle that is found in the axillary, anal, and genital regions is the ________ sweat gland.

A) apocrine
B) merocrine
C) ceruminous
D) sebaceous

Question 43

What is the greatest risk factor for skin cancer?

A) Exposure to UV light rays
B) Advanced age
C) Being a female
D) Low skin hydration levels
E) Using excessive sun block

Question 44

When exposed to ultraviolet light, keratinocytes convert a steroid precursor into ________, a molecule that is crucial for regulation of calcium levels.

A) calcitriol
B) cholecalciferol
C) calcitonin
D) creatine
E) phosphorus

Question 45

From what else, besides physical trauma, does the skin provide protection?

Question 46

Drugs that are administered by skin patches tend to be ________ soluble molecules that are absorbed ________.

A) lipid; slowly
B) lipid; quickly
C) water; slowly
D) water; quickly

Question 47

Sebum is a secretion that

A) cools the skin and eliminates certain drugs.
B) lubricates skin and helps defend against bacteria.
C) maintains water balance through waterproofing the skin.
D) acts as a pheremone once reproductive maturity is reached.

Question 48

Cerumen is a secretion that

A) lubricates vellus hairs and waterproofs the skin of the limbs.
B) lubricates the ear canal and traps debris before it reaches the eardrum.
C) cools the body through water evaporation.
D) tends to cause acne on the skin of the face.
E) acts as a pheremone.

Question 49

Where on the human body is the hair thick enough to retain heat?

A) Beard
B) Axillary region
C) Nose
D) Pubic region
E) Scalp

Question 50

Apocrine sweat glands secrete sweat by having the apical portion of epithelial cells pinch off.

Question 51

The structure responsible for pulling on the follicle and causing "goose bumps" is the

A) external root sheath.
B) internal root sheath.
C) epithelial root sheath.
D) arrector pili muscle.
E) papilla.

Question 52

One of the main dangers of burns is

A) dehydration, as water can escape from the body.
B) hyperthermia, as temperature regulation is very compromised.
C) hypocalcemia, as blood ion levels are dramatically altered.
D) respiratory infection, as body defenses are concentrated superficially.

Question 53

Cancer cells in the epidermis are attacked by

A) Merkel cells.
B) epidermal dendritic cells.
C) melanocytes.
D) keratinocytes.

Question 54

Production of this vitamin requires skin exposure to the sun. This vitamin is crucial for regulation of calcium and phosphate.

A) Vitamin A
B) Vitamin B₁₂
C) Vitamin C
D) Vitamin D
E) Vitamin E

Question 55

Skin is an entirely waterproof barrier, preventing all gain or loss of fluid from the skin except sweat.

Question 56

Transpiration is another name for sweating.

Question 57

Which of these are functions of hair?
A: Sensory reception
B: Heat retention
C: Immune function
D: Protection
E: Formation of Vitamin D₃

A) a, b, d
B) a, d, e
C) a, b, d, e
D) a, b, c, d, e

Question 58

One of the components of sweat is the nitrogenous waste urea.

Question 59

Immune cells of the epidermis tend to be found in the stratum

A) granulosum.
B) lucidum.
C) spinosum.
D) basale.
E) corneum.

Question 60

The growth rate for a scalp hair is about ________ per day for 1.5 to 7 years, and then the hair becomes dormant.

A) 1.3 mm
B) 1.3 cm
C) 1/30 mm
D) 1/3 mm
E) 3.1 mm

Question 61

In order to retain heat, what occurs in the skin on a cold day?

A) Blood vessels of the dermis constrict.
B) Blood vessels of the dermis dilate.
C) Blood vessels of the epidermis constrict.
D) Blood vessels of the epidermis dilate.

Question 62

Compared to the young, elderly individuals have ________ epidermal dendritic skin cells.

A) fewer
B) more

Question 63

Severe injuries and burns to the skin result in scars that are

A) produced by stratum basale keratinocytes, which effectively bind damaged skin parts together.
B) produced by chondrocytes and made mainly of desmosomes.
C) produced by fibroblasts and made mainly of collagen.
D) made by macrophages, which produce a dense granulation tissue.
E) fully functional regenerations.

Question 64

Sensory receptors in the dermis detect touch, temperature, and light.

Question 65

Module E04 Anatomy & functional roles of accessory structures.
Which number indicates the eponychium?

A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 4
E) 5

Question 66

The two types of leukocytes that clean up debris underneath the blood clot of a wound are

A) keratinocytes and macrophages.
B) Merkel cells and dendritic cells.
C) dendritic cells and keratinocytes.
D) macrophages and neutrophils.
E) fibroblasts and neutrophils.

Question 67

Module E06 Predictions related to homeostatic imbalance, including disease states & disorders.
Which number indicates a dermal papilla?

A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 4
E) 5

Question 68

The epidermis derives from

A) mesoderm.
B) ectoderm.
C) mesenchyme.
D) granulation tissue.

Question 69

Fingernails and toenails start to form in the ________ week of development.

A) 2nd
B) 3rd
C) 5th
D) 10th
E) 16th

Question 70

Module E06 Predictions related to homeostatic imbalance, including disease states & disorders.
What does number 5 indicate?

A) Eccrine gland
B) Hair follicle
C) Hair matrix
D) Hair shaft
E) Epidermal ridge

Question 71

Describe the changes in the skin that occur with aging. Although skin cancers can occur at any age, why might skin cancers have a higher incidence in the elderly?

Question 72

Module E04 Anatomy & functional roles of accessory structures.
Which number indicates the lunula?

A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 4
E) 5

Question 73

Sweat and sebaceous glands develop from the

A) stratum corneum.
B) stratum basale of the epidermis.
C) hypodermis.
D) reticular layer.
E) papillary layer of the dermis.

Question 74

Module E06 Predictions related to homeostatic imbalance, including disease states & disorders.
Which number indicates the reticular layer of the dermis?

A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 4
E) 5

Question 75

Granulation tissue is

A) vascular connective tissue.
B) avascular connective tissue.
C) vascular epithelial tissue.
D) avascular epithelial tissue.

Question 76

Compared to a young adult, an older individual has ________ skin.

A) thicker
B) thinner

Question 77

Fingernails reach the tips of the fingers before toenails are fully formed.

Question 78

What types of stimuli are detected by the skin's sensory receptors?

Question 79

Early in the development of skin, ectoderm becomes

A) periderm and mesoderm becomes mesenchyme.
B) mesenchyme and endoderm becomes periderm.
C) the vernix caseosa and mesoderm becomes the stratum basale.
D) perichondrium and mesoderm becomes the vernix caseosa.

Question 80

Skin cancer is the ________ type of cancer, and due to sun exposure it occurs most frequently on the ________.

A) most common; head and neck
B) third most common; head and neck
C) most common; hands and ears
D) third most common; hands and ears