Deck 4: Biology of the Cell

Question 1

Which is a non-membrane-bound organelle?

A) Microtubule
B) Lysosome
C) Golgi apparatus
D) Rough endoplasmic reticulum
E) Mitochondrion

Answer 1

A

Question 2

One of the general functions that all cells must maintain throughout their life is the ability to divide and give rise to new cells.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

An image produced by passing visible light through a specimen is obtained using the

A) transmission electron microscope.
B) light microscope.
C) scanning electron microscope.
D) dissecting scope.
E) ocular examination method.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

The microscope of choice for a detailed three-dimensional study of the surface of a specimen is the

A) scanning electron microscope.
B) transmission electron microscope.
C) light microscope.
D) telescope.

Question 5

Peroxisomes are membrane-bound organelles.

Question 6

The diameter of a red blood cell is a little less than 1 μm.

Question 7

The centrosome is considered to be an inclusion.

Question 8

The pigment melanin is a(n)

A) membrane-bound organelle.
B) non-membrane-bound organelle.
C) inclusion.
D) nutrient.
E) triglyceride.

Question 9

One example of a membrane-bound organelle is a ribosome.

Question 10

The largest internal cellular structure is known as the ________ and is the cell's control center.

A) Golgi apparatus
B) nucleus
C) lysosome
D) cytosol
E) smooth ER

Question 11

The shape of skeletal muscle cells is described as

A) columnar.
B) biconcave.
C) cylindrical.
D) spherical.
E) irregular.

Question 12

Which is not considered part of the cytoplasm?

A) Cytosol
B) Nucleus
C) Organelles
D) Inclusions

Question 13

Another name for the intracellular fluid is

A) cytosol.
B) interstitial fluid.
C) intercellular matrix.
D) cytoplasm.
E) cisternae.

Question 14

What unit of measurement is often used to measure cell size?

A) Millimeter
B) Micrometer
C) Nanometer
D) Centimeter

Question 15

Some of the largest spherical cells in the human body (for example, oocytes) have a diameter of approximately

A) 1 nm.
B) 1 cm.
C) 1 μm.
D) 100 nm.
E) 100 μm.

Question 16

Cartilage cells and intestinal lining cells are described as being cube-shaped.

Question 17

The fluid contained in the nucleus is the ________.

Question 18

If the nutrient glycogen is found stored inside a cell, it is considered a(n)

A) inclusion.
B) membrane-bound organelle.
C) non-membrane-bound organelle.
D) pigment.

Question 19

Most cells in the human body are between 1 μm and 100 μm in diameter.

Question 20

The ________ is responsible for forming the outer, limiting barrier of a cell.

A) peroxisome
B) ribosome
C) mitochondrion
D) plasma membrane
E) centrosome

Question 21

The pressure that must be exerted onto a solution in order to prevent water from diffusing into that solution through a semipermeable membrane is called ________ pressure.

Question 22

Diffusion rate is fastest when the concentration gradient is

A) steepest and temperature is highest.
B) steepest and temperature is at body temperature.
C) slightest and temperature is highest.
D) slightest and temperature is at body temperature.
E) slightest and temperature is lowest.

Question 23

Glycolipids are found on the

A) outer layer of the cell membrane, and they help make the sticky sugar coating on its surface.
B) middle layer of the cell membrane, and they function to transmit solutes through the membrane.
C) inner layer of the cell membrane, and they provide scaffold support to the cell membrane.
D) inside of the cell, where they are a source of high-energy nutrition to power mitochondria.

Question 24

Which type of protein is used by cells of the immune system to distinguish normal cells from foreign or infected cells?

A) Anchoring proteins
B) Ligands
C) Cell adhesion proteins
D) Identity markers
E) Transport proteins

Question 25

Over time, diffusion results in the even distribution of a substance throughout an area.

Question 26

The most abundant lipid of the membrane consists of a head and two tails. This type of lipid is

A) a phospholipid.
B) cholesterol.
C) glycolipid.
D) glycoprotein.
E) a steroid.

Question 27

Osmosis is the diffusion of

A) water within the inside of a cell.
B) water across a membrane.
C) solutes within the inside of a cell.
D) solutes across a membrane.

Question 28

Water can cross cell membranes only by way of channel-mediated diffusion.

Question 29

Channel-mediated diffusion is a subtype of

A) simple diffusion.
B) carrier-mediated diffusion.
C) active transport.
D) facilitated diffusion.
E) endocytosis.

Question 30

During osmosis, water moves toward the solution with the ________ solute concentration.

A) greater
B) lesser

Question 31

When a small, polar solute binds to a membrane protein that then changes shape and transports the solute across the membrane, the process is known as

A) simple diffusion.
B) channel-mediated diffusion.
C) carrier-mediated diffusion.
D) active transport.
E) endocytosis.

Question 32

Some membrane proteins are not embedded within the lipid bilayer but are instead anchored loosely to either the inner or the outer surface. Such proteins are called ________ proteins.

Question 33

Movement of a substance from an area of higher concentration to one where it is less concentrated is known as

A) equilibrium.
B) active transport.
C) diffusion.
D) facilitation.
E) selective transport.

Question 34

Which is a passive transport process?

A) Phagocytosis
B) Pinocytosis
C) Receptor-mediated endocytosis
D) Osmosis
E) Ion pump

Question 35

Proteins that assist the movement of a substance across the membrane are called ________ proteins.

A) catalytic
B) cytoskeleton
C) transport
D) identification
E) intercellular attachment

Question 36

Proteins that are embedded within, and extend across, the phospholipid bilayer are called ________ proteins.

A) catalytic
B) integral
C) cytoskeleton
D) peripheral

Question 37

The movement of glucose across a plasma membrane is achieved by

A) ion pumps.
B) receptor-mediated exocytosis.
C) osmosis.
D) facilitated diffusion.
E) phagocytosis.

Question 38

The lipid that stabilizes the membrane at extreme temperatures and is found in the hydrophobic regions of the bilayer is

A) the polar head.
B) the nonpolar tails.
C) cholesterol.
D) glycolipid.
E) glycocalyx.

Question 39

All cells must obtain nutrients, form new chemical structures, and dispose of waste molecules.

Question 40

Which of the following choices describes three general functions cells must perform?

A) Maintain shape, obtain nutrients, and dispose of wastes
B) Respond to all hormones, maintain a waterproof barrier, give rise to gametes
C) Grow until dividing, store complex carbohydrates, generate antibodies
D) Take up oxygen, prevent water entry, undergo mitosis frequently

Question 41

Coupled transport that involves the moving of one substance against its concentration gradient by using energy from a second substance moving down its concentration gradient is known as

A) primary active transport.
B) receptor-mediated endocytosis.
C) bulk transport.
D) sympathetic exocytosis.
E) secondary active transport.

Question 42

Consider a cell with a total internal solute concentration of 0.9%. Placing the cell in which bath solution would result in creation of the greatest osmotic pressure in the cell?

A) 0.5% NaCl
B) 0.9% NaCl
C) 1.2% NaCl

Question 43

The uptake of cholesterol into cells is an example of

A) phagocytosis.
B) pinocytosis.
C) receptor-mediated endocytosis.
D) receptor-mediated exocytosis.
E) simple diffusion.

Question 44

Pinocytosis is the process in which the cell

A) internalizes ("drinks") a droplet of interstitial fluid.
B) internalizes ("eats") a large solid particle.
C) splits ("pinches") off a small part of itself to secrete into the extracellular space.
D) pumps small solutes against their concentration gradient and out of the cell.

Question 45

The sodium-potassium ATPase functions by performing

A) primary active transport.
B) secondary active transport.
C) exocytosis.
D) both exocytosis and endocytosis.
E) receptor-mediated endocytosis.

Question 46

When a skin wound is healing, cell contact on all sides is a strong stimulus for cell division.

Question 47

Cell shrinking, also known as crenation, occurs when a cell is placed into a(n) ________ solution.

A) isotonic
B) hypertonic
C) hypotonic
D) exergonic

Question 48

When a cell is placed in a solution with a very low solute concentration, water diffuses into the cell. Such a solution is called a(n) ________ solution.

A) hypertonic
B) hypotonic
C) isotonic
D) endergonic

Question 49

The sodium-potassium pump moves ions against their concentration gradients and helps maintain an electrochemical gradient across the plasma membrane.

Question 50

The type of vesicular transport by which large molecules or large amounts of substances are secreted from a cell is ________.

Question 51

The release of neurotransmitter from a neuron is an example of

A) endocytosis and is a form of passive transport.
B) receptor-mediated endocytosis and it requires expenditure of ATP.
C) exocytosis and is a form of passive transport.
D) exocytosis and it requires expenditure of ATP.
E) pinocytosis and it is a form of primary active transport.

Question 52

Exocytosis is a form of secondary active transport.

Question 53

Most cells perform pinocytosis.

Question 54

Body cells communicate with immune system cells through direct contact involving the sugary coatings on the cells' surfaces.

Question 55

Placing a red blood cell in an extremely hypertonic solution leads to hemolysis.

Question 56

The sodium-potassium pump moves

A) sodium and potassium into the cell.
B) sodium and potassium out of the cell.
C) sodium into the cell and potassium out of the cell.
D) sodium out of the cell and potassium into the cell.

Question 57

Symport active transporters move two substances across the membrane in the same direction.

Question 58

If a transport protein moves two solutes across a membrane in opposite directions, the protein is called a countertransporter or ________.

Question 59

Physiological saline contains the same concentration of solutes as the inside of a cell, and it is therefore a(n) ________ solution.

Question 60

When a cell surrounds a large particle with pseudopodia and then engulfs it, the process is called

A) exocytosis.
B) phagocytosis.
C) pinocytosis.
D) secondary active transport.
E) receptor-mediated endopinocytosis.

Question 61

Which of the following structures function in holding organelles in place, maintaining cell shape and rigidity, and directing organelle movement?

A) Centrioles
B) Flagella
C) Golgi apparatus
D) Microtubules
E) Cilia

Question 62

Which choice describes the activation steps of a G protein-coupled receptor properly (and in correct order)?

A) Ligand binds to receptor, G protein activated, effector protein activated, second messenger made available
B) Ligand binds to receptor, second messenger activated, G protein turned on, protein kinase activated
C) Protein kinase activated, ion channel opened, ions enter and activate second messenger, G protein turned on
D) Ion channel opened, G protein activated, second messenger synthesized, phosphatase ends signal

Question 63

In humans, the only cell that bears a flagellum is the ________ cell.

A) kidney
B) oocyte
C) red blood
D) brain
E) sperm

Question 64

Removal of old organelles is via a process called

A) pinocytosis.
B) autophagy.
C) autolysis.
D) filtration.
E) vascularization.

Question 65

Identify the organelle that provides enzymes for autolysis.

A) Peroxisomes
B) Mitochondria
C) Smooth ER
D) Golgi apparatus
E) Lysosomes

Question 66

In order to process digested nutrients and detoxify chemical agents such as drugs and alcohol, the ________ contains abundant amounts of smooth ER.

A) liver
B) kidney
C) small intestine
D) pancreas
E) stomach

Question 67

The folds of the internal membrane of a mitochondrion are called

A) matrix.
B) vesicles.
C) vacuoles.
D) cristae.
E) cisternae.

Question 68

When ligands bind to them, ________ receptors directly phosphorylate enzymes within the cell.

A) enzymatic
B) channel-linked
C) G protein-coupled
D) phosphatase

Question 69

The organelles responsible for organizing microtubules that are part of the mitotic spindle are called

A) centrioles.
B) nucleoli.
C) microvilli.
D) cilia.
E) vesicles.

Question 70

Which of the following factors influence cell membrane permeability?

A) Phospholipid composition of the membrane
B) Ionic charge along the membrane
C) Presence or absence of transport proteins
D) Molecule size
E) All of the choices are correct.

Question 71

Because they produce ribosome subunits, one would expect to find large numbers of nucleoli in cells that synthesize

A) energy sources.
B) pigments.
C) solubility-enhancing substances.
D) steroid hormones.
E) proteins.

Question 72

The ________ are responsible for synthesizing most of a human body cell's ATP.

A) lysosomes
B) microfilaments
C) nucleoli
D) ribosomes
E) mitochondria

Question 73

Which is not a membrane-bound organelle?

A) Endoplasmic reticulum
B) Lysosome
C) Golgi apparatus
D) Peroxisome
E) All of the choices are membrane-bound organelles.

Question 74

Peroxisomes are membrane-bound organelles.

Question 75

Which is an active transport process?

A) Simple diffusion
B) Bulk filtration
C) Osmosis
D) Facilitated diffusion
E) Ion pump

Question 76

Which of the following serve to increase the surface area of a cell for absorption and secretion?

A) Flagella
B) Microvilli
C) Cilia
D) Cilia and flagella
E) Cilia and microvilli

Question 77

Exocytosis occurs as a result of

A) hydrostatic pressure.
B) the expenditure of energy in the form of ATP.
C) molecular movement with carrier assistance.
D) concentration gradients.
E) ion pumps.

Question 78

Catalase-containing peroxisomes are most abundant in ________ cells.

A) liver
B) kidney
C) pancreas
D) thymus
E) pituitary

Question 79

Channel-linked receptors are also known as ________ gated channels.

Question 80

When fertilization occurs, the sperm recognizes the egg by

A) the chemical messages the egg secretes into the interstitial space.
B) the unique glycocalyx on the egg's surface.
C) the much larger relative size of the egg.
D) the strong acidity of the egg's environment.