Deck 1: The Sciences of Anatomy and Physiology

Question 1

Which is a physiological description rather than an anatomical one?

A) The muscles of the intestinal wall contract slowly and involuntarily.
B) The walls of blood capillaries are composed of a thin epithelium.
C) The muscles of the thigh are composed of skeletal muscle tissue.
D) There are fenestrations (openings) in the epithelial cells of capillary walls.
E) The esophageal wall includes a middle layer of dense irregular connective tissue.

Answer 1

A

Question 2

The large surface area of the inside of the small intestine means that this structure is

A) well adapted for its physiological role in absorption.
B) derived from an embryological structure that served a different function.
C) anatomically complex but physiologically simple.
D) maladaptive in that it harbors bacteria.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

When medical students study all of the structures in a particular area of the body as a unit (for example, all the muscles, blood vessels, and nerves of the leg), that approach is called

A) surface anatomy.
B) comparative anatomy.
C) popliteal physiology.
D) regional anatomy.
E) systemic anatomy.

Answer 3

D

Question 4

The two main divisions of microscopic anatomy are

A) embryology and parasitology.
B) cytology and histology.
C) comparative anatomy and pathological anatomy.
D) neurobiology and surface anatomy.

Question 5

Cytology is a subdivision of gross anatomy.

Question 6

The anatomic changes that result from disease are studied under

A) pathologic anatomy.
B) systemic anatomy.
C) histology.
D) surgical anatomy.
E) developmental anatomy.

Question 7

A scientist who describes the layers of the heart wall and their relationship to the surrounding pericardium would be a(n)

A) anatomist.
B) physiologist.
C) pathologist.
D) pulmonologist.

Question 8

The discipline that studies the functions of the nervous system, including the way that impulses are conducted, is known as ________.

Question 9

The discipline known as ________ anatomy examines similarities and differences across species.

Question 10

The discipline that associates changes in organ system function with disease or injury is known as ________.

Question 11

Because the body has been the same for thousands of years, anatomy is considered a static classification system instead of a dynamic science.

Question 12

Anatomy is the study of

A) stars.
B) function.
C) sharp tools.
D) structure and form.
E) word histories.

Question 13

Some researchers think pheromones are important tools in human communication. Pheromones are chemical signals that one individual sends to another. What research questions might be asked by anatomists, and what questions might be asked by physiologists, to determine if pheromones are important to humans?

Question 14

Which branch of microscopic anatomy is the study of tissues?

A) Histology
B) Cytology
C) Embryology
D) Developmental anatomy
E) Surgical anatomy

Question 15

Respiratory physiology is primarily the study of

A) cell shape within the alveoli of the lungs.
B) the branching pattern of the small airways of the lungs.
C) the tissue composition of the airways, air sacs, and blood vessels.
D) how gases are transferred between the lungs and the blood vessels supplying them.

Question 16

Gross anatomy refers to the study of

A) cells.
B) structures formed by cells.
C) structures not visible to the unaided eye.
D) structures visible to the unaided eye.
E) nasal secretions.

Question 17

The word "anatomy" comes from

A) Latin and means "to be born."
B) Hebrew and means "shape."
C) Greek and means "to cut apart."
D) German and means "body."
E) Italian and means "form."

Question 18

________ anatomy examines both superficial anatomic markings and internal body structures as they relate to the skin covering them.

A) Regional
B) Surface
C) Radiographic
D) Surgical
E) Systemic

Question 19

Physiologists use chemistry to understand the workings of the body's organ systems.

Question 20

The scientific discipline that studies the functions of body structures is

A) anatomy.
B) physiology.
C) astronomy.
D) anthropology.
E) archaeology.

Question 21

At what level of organization is a tooth?

A) Tissue level
B) Cell level
C) Organ level
D) System level
E) Atomic level

Question 22

Iron atoms help our blood transport oxygen. Describe each level of anatomical structural complexity for an iron atom in your blood, working from the simplest level (atom) to the most complex (organism).

Question 23

A molecule is made up of a combination of two or more atoms.

Question 24

The organ system that transports and filters interstitial fluid while also participating in immune responses is the ________ system.

Question 25

The system responsible for the exchange of gases between the blood and atmospheric air is the ________ system.

A) urinary
B) respiratory
C) cardiovascular
D) endocrine
E) nervous

Question 26

The body system that provides support and protection as well as being a site of blood cell production (hemopoiesis) is the ________ system.

A) skeletal
B) muscular
C) cardiovascular
D) respiratory
E) lymphatic

Question 27

The various chemical reactions that organisms carry out are collectively called

A) reproduction.
B) homeostasis.
C) metabolism.
D) responsiveness.
E) development.

Question 28

Which level consists of related organs that work to achieve a common function?

A) Organ system level
B) Cellular level
C) Tissue level
D) Chemical level
E) Organ level

Question 29

The group of metabolic reactions in which smaller molecules are combined to form larger ones is ________.

Question 30

Which system is responsible for providing protection, regulating body temperature, and being the site of cutaneous receptors?

A) Respiratory
B) Muscular
C) Integumentary
D) Urinary
E) Nervous

Question 31

Specialized subunits of cells that are made of macromolecules are called ________.

Question 32

The mechanism by which the body propels food through the digestive tract is primarily a topic of study for

A) anatomists.
B) physiologists.

Question 33

The pituitary, thyroid, and adrenal glands are typically grouped within the ________ system.

Question 34

Homeostasis refers to an organism's ability to regulate its internal environment despite changes in the external environment.

Question 35

The category of reactions in which larger molecules are broken down into smaller ones is known as

A) anabolism.
B) catabolism.
C) synthesis.
D) homeostasis.
E) enzymatic.

Question 36

Which describes the anatomic position?

A) Body is upright.
B) Palms are facing forward.
C) Thumbs point away from the body.
D) Feet are flat on the floor.
E) All of these apply.

Question 37

The smallest structural unit that exhibits the characteristics of living things is

A) an organ.
B) an individual.
C) tissue.
D) a cell.
E) a system.

Question 38

Which of the following statements accurately describes the organization of structures?

A) Organs are made up of tissues, which are made up of cells, which are made up of organelles and molecules.
B) Tissues are made up of organs, which are made up of cells, which are made up of individual atoms.
C) Organisms are made up of tissues, which are made up of organ systems, which are made up of DNA.
D) Organ systems are made up of cells, which are made up of tissues, which are made up of organelles.
E) Organs are made up of cells, which are made up of atoms, which are made up of molecules.

Question 39

Both anatomists and physiologists are aware that form and function are interrelated.

Question 40

The term that refers to the ability of organisms to react to changes in the environment is

A) responsiveness.
B) reproduction.
C) metabolism.
D) development.
E) organization.

Question 41

The bones of the vertebral column form a cavity called the

A) nervous system passageway.
B) abdominal cavity.
C) pleural cavity.
D) vertebral canal.

Question 42

A(n) ________ plane separates the body into superior and inferior parts.

A) transverse
B) oblique
C) sagittal
D) coronal
E) frontal

Question 43

The directional term that means "away from the midline of the body" is

A) inferior.
B) superior.
C) medial.
D) lateral.
E) caudal.

Question 44

What is the anatomic term for the foot?

A) Pubic
B) Patellar
C) Ped
D) Popliteal
E) Acromial

Question 45

The best term for referring to the rear or "tail end" is

A) caudal.
B) cephalic.
C) inferior.
D) superior.
E) lateral.

Question 46

Which anatomical term describes the wrist region?

A) Tarsal
B) Carpal
C) Digital
D) Olecranal
E) Perineal

Question 47

The anatomic term for the cheek is

A) buccal.
B) pelvic.
C) cervical.
D) crural.
E) sacral.

Question 48

The primary function of serous fluid appears to be

A) to serve as a lubricant.
B) to provide a stabilizing force.
C) to insulate.
D) to store energy.
E) to provide an attachment surface.

Question 49

Describe the positions of the thumbs and the palms of the hands in the anatomic position.

Question 50

The cranial cavity houses the

A) eyeball.
B) ear canals.
C) brain.
D) spinal cord.
E) nasal structures.

Question 51

The popliteal region is best seen from a(n) ________ view.

A) anterior
B) lateral
C) superior
D) inferior
E) posterior

Question 52

With the subject in the anatomic position, one can best see the dorsum of the manus from a(n) ________ view.

A) lateral
B) superior
C) inferior
D) posterior
E) anterior

Question 53

In the anatomic position, the specimen rests horizontally on the examination table and the arms are extended away from the torso.

Question 54

The word ________ implies an imaginary flat surface passing through the body.

A) section
B) plane
C) direction
D) tangent
E) figure

Question 55

The axillary region is ________ to the pectoral region.

A) lateral
B) medial
C) distal
D) proximal
E) inferior

Question 56

The directional term that means "in back of" or "toward the back surface" is

A) posterior.
B) caudal.
C) cephalic.
D) anterior.
E) proximal.

Question 57

A plane that passes through the structure at an angle is called

A) frontal.
B) coronal.
C) oblique.
D) sagittal.
E) transverse.

Question 58

The directional term that means "closest to the point of attachment to the trunk" is

A) distal.
B) proximal.
C) medial.
D) cephalic.
E) dorsal.

Question 59

Which best defines "superficial"?

A) On the inside
B) On the outside
C) Toward the end of an appendage
D) Close to the attachment of the appendage to the trunk
E) At the head end

Question 60

The head, neck, and trunk make up the ________ region of the body.

A) appendicular
B) axial
C) cephalic
D) caudal
E) thoracic

Question 61

The urinary bladder is found in which abdominopelvic region?

A) Hypogastric
B) Right lumbar
C) Hypochondriac
D) Left iliac
E) Left lumbar

Question 62

With a specimen in the anatomic position, you can best see the mediastinum with a(n) ________ view.

A) midsagittal
B) superior
C) inferior
D) frontal
E) posterior

Question 63

Which serous membrane covers the surface of an organ?

A) The parietal layer
B) The visceral layer
C) The muscle layer
D) The dorsal layer
E) The ventral layer

Question 64

A professional fighter hit in the mental region might have damage to the

A) jaw.
B) ear.
C) nose.
D) knee.
E) shoulder.

Question 65

The serous fluid that helps in cardiac function is located

A) inside the heart's chambers.
B) between the parietal pericardium and the sternum.
C) in the pericardial cavity, between the parietal and visceral pericardial layers.
D) between the visceral pericardium and the cardiac muscle.

Question 66

"Pollex" refers to the

A) eyebrow.
B) thumb.
C) great toe.
D) little finger.
E) kneecap.

Question 67

Of the nine abdominopelvic regions, the one that is most superior in the middle column is called the

A) lumbar.
B) umbilical.
C) epigastric.
D) hypogastric.
E) hypochondriac.

Question 68

Which abdominopelvic regions have both a right and a left side?

A) Only the lumbar and iliac
B) Only the hypogastric and hypochondriac
C) The hypochondriac, lumbar, and hypogastric
D) Only the iliac and hypochondriac
E) The lumbar, iliac, and hypochondriac

Question 69

What is the anatomic term for the hip region?

A) Sternal
B) Coxal
C) Dorsal
D) Crural
E) Sural

Question 70

The mediastinum is within the ventral cavity.

Question 71

An inguinal hernia is in the region of the

A) umbilicus.
B) groin.
C) calf.
D) thigh.
E) shoulder.

Question 72

The moist, two-layered serous membrane that lines the abdominopelvic cavity is called the

A) peritoneum.
B) thoracic diaphragm.
C) synovium.
D) pleura.
E) pericardium.

Question 73

The term "hallux" refers to the

A) little finger.
B) thumb.
C) great toe.
D) lateral-most toe.
E) middle digit.

Question 74

The median space in the thoracic cavity is called the

A) pleural cavity.
B) pericardial cavity.
C) mediastinum.
D) peritoneal cavity.
E) hypochondriac space.

Question 75

The pericardium is a two-layered serous membrane that

A) encloses the heart.
B) encloses the kidney.
C) encloses a lung.
D) provides lubrication for the knee.
E) covers the small intestine.

Question 76

The limbs of the body are attached to the axis and make up the

A) abdominal region.
B) thoracic region.
C) axial region.
D) appendicular region.
E) antebrachial region.

Question 77

The anatomic term for the calf is

A) crural.
B) popliteal.
C) tarsal.
D) carpal.
E) sural.

Question 78

The pleural cavity is the

A) same as the mediastinum.
B) the serous membrane lining the abdomen.
C) space within which the heart sits.
D) potential space between the two serous membranes surrounding a lung.

Question 79

Explain the spatial relationship between the following: thoracic cavity, pericardial cavity, ventral cavity, mediastinum.

Question 80

Lateral to the umbilical abdominopelvic region are the ________ regions.

A) hypochondriac
B) iliac
C) hypogastric
D) epigastric
E) lumbar