Deck 1: Computed Tomography: an Overview

Question 1

Which of the following is best used to describe patient dose in CT?

A) CT dose index (CTDI) and multiple-scan average dose (MSAD)
B) Isometric curves
C) Exposure doses
D) Collective doses

Answer 1

CT dose index (CTDI) and multiple-scan average dose (MSAD)

Question 2

The following developments in CT were introduced during the period between 1973 and 1983 except:

A) image quality improvements.
B) quality control (QC).
C) detectors.
D) Multislice CT (MSCT).

Answer 2

Multislice CT (MSCT).

Question 3

The detectors convert the attenuation data into ____________ signals.

A) digital
B) electrical
C) light
D) mechanical

Answer 3

electrical

Question 4

Which term describes the systematic motion of the X-ray tube as it rotates around the patient to collect X-ray transmission readings?

A) Sampling
B) Data processing
C) Scanning
D) Generation

Question 5

All these elements can be used during data acquisition to reduce patient dose except:

A) combined applications.
B) ultrafast ceramic (UFC) detectors.
C) decreased pitch.
D) online dose modulation.

Question 6

What form of archiving has proven most popular among CT departments?

A) Film-based recording
B) Optical card
C) Picture archiving and communication system
D) Magnetic tapes

Question 7

In CT,

A) a computer is used to reconstruct images of sectional anatomy.
B) a computer is used to calculate radiation dose to the patient.
C) a computer is not required because the physicist calculates the image, which the computer then prints out.
D) special detectors are used to reconstruct sectional images.

Question 8

What contribution did Cormack make to the development of clinical CT?

A) He developed Britain's first business computer
B) He developed programs to calculate doses to patients
C) He developed the solutions to the mathematical problems in CT
D) He performed a practical reconstruction of an image of the sun

Question 9

Which of the following refers to modifying CT data to make the images more useful to the observer?

A) Image manipulation
B) Image reconstruction
C) Data collection
D) Pattern recognition

Question 10

Sectional images are obtained from all of the following except:

A) tomography.
B) transverse axial tomography.
C) conventional radiography.
D) computed tomography (CT).

Question 11

Which acronym has been established by the Radiological Society of North America (RSNA) and the accepted term for use within the radiologic community and major American radiology journals?

A) CAT
B) CT
C) CTAT
D) RT

Question 12

The mathematical techniques used by the computer to reconstruct the CT image are known as:

A) computer programs.
B) image reconstruction algorithms.
C) manipulation of images.
D) pattern recognition.

Question 13

Which company pioneered the development of the first clinically useful CT scanner?

A) General Electric
B) Siemens
C) Elscint
D) EMI

Question 14

Data acquisition refers to:

A) collecting X-ray transmission readings from the patient.
B) subjecting data to computer processing.
C) changing the data before they are displayed on a monitor.
D) storing the data collected from the patient onto magnetic tapes or disks.

Question 15

Who developed the first clinically useful CT scanner?

A) Cormack
B) Roentgen
C) Hounsfield
D) Siemens Medical Systems

Question 16

Who developed the first whole-body CT scanner?

A) Ledley
B) Kuhl
C) Cormack and Hounsfield
D) Oldendorf

Question 17

The radiation used by Hounsfield in his original experiments was:

A) gamma rays.
B) X-rays.
C) beta particles.
D) electrons.

Question 18

When a large set of transmission measurements is collected from the patient at different locations and is used to build up an image of internal anatomy, it is referred to as:

A) tomography.
B) image reconstruction from projections.
C) pattern recognition.
D) digital image processing.

Question 19

Which form of imaging primarily uses DSCT scanners?

A) Virtual colonoscopy
B) Cardiac imaging
C) Biopsy procedures
D) Pulmonary imaging

Question 20

Which type of high-speed CT scanner was first introduced to image the cardiovascular system without artifacts caused by motion of the heart?

A) Single-slice CT scanner
B) Electron-beam CT (EBCT) scanner
C) Dual-source CT (DSCT) scanner
D) EMI Mark I CT scanner

Question 21

DSCT scanners feature two X-ray tubes and two detector arrays and were designed with the intention of imaging active bleeding in trauma patients in a short period of time.

Question 22

Please match the following CT concepts. All answer selections will be used just once.

Analog to digital converter

A)Determine tissue types in CT slices
B)Algorithms
C)CT dose descriptor
D)Converting electrical signals into digital data
E)Surface-based rendering

Question 23

CT fluoroscopy is a clinical tool allowing the reconstruction and display of images in real time with variable frame rates.

Question 24

Please match the following CT concepts. All answer selections will be used just once.

Image reconstruction

A)Determine tissue types in CT slices
B)Algorithms
C)CT dose descriptor
D)Converting electrical signals into digital data
E)Surface-based rendering

Question 25

Please match the following CT concepts. All answer selections will be used just once.

3D classification

A)Determine tissue types in CT slices
B)Algorithms
C)CT dose descriptor
D)Converting electrical signals into digital data
E)Surface-based rendering

Question 26

The first clinical prototype CT scanner was used to scan a woman patient with a suspected brain lesion.

Question 27

QC tests in CT meet only quantitative criteria to indicate the scanner is in working condition.

Question 28

Processing images by computer is referred to as digital image processing.

Question 29

The original term used to describe imaging of a specific layer or section of the body was transverse axial tomography.

Question 30

Isodose curves are a dose descriptor used in reporting radiation doses in CT.

Question 31

Ambrose received the Nobel Prize in 1979 with Hounsfield.

Question 32

The first CT scanners' X-ray tube and detector movement was described as translate-rotate-stop-rotate because they moved in a straight line across the patient.

Question 33

Determining tissue types in CT slices is referred to as volume formation.

Question 34

Please match the following CT concepts. All answer selections will be used just once.

MSAD

A)Determine tissue types in CT slices
B)Algorithms
C)CT dose descriptor
D)Converting electrical signals into digital data
E)Surface-based rendering

Question 35

Gas-ionization detectors (xenon gas) are used in the majority of commercial CT scanners today.

Question 36

In the original experiments in CT, the apparatus took 9 hours to scan the object.

Question 37

Please match the following CT concepts. All answer selections will be used just once.

3D technique

A)Determine tissue types in CT slices
B)Algorithms
C)CT dose descriptor
D)Converting electrical signals into digital data
E)Surface-based rendering

Question 38

CT has been applied to the study of internal log defects and Egyptian mummies.

Question 39

ALARA is an acronym for as low as reasonably achievable.