Deck 8: Physiology of Mastication and Deglutition

Question 1

Which of the following is not considered part of mastication?

A) Passing the bolus into the pharynx
B) Moving the bolus onto the teeth
C) Mixing the bolus with saliva
D) All are considered part of the mastication process

Answer 1

A

Question 2

The sucking reflex can be stimulated by

A) light stimulation of the lips in neonates.
B) visual presentation of food in older infants.
C) stroking the epithelium of the cheeks.
D) a & b
E) a, b, & c

Answer 2

D

Question 3

The process of swallowing is termed

A) deglutition.
B) trituration.
C) mastication.
D) none of the above.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Velar closure during the swallow is important because

A) it keeps one from having nasal regurgitation.
B) it keeps postnasal mucus from entering the airway.
C) it provides a seal for the positive pressure of swallowing.
D) a & c
E) a, b, & c

Question 5

The process of preparing food for swallowing is termed

A) deglutition.
B) trituration.
C) mastication.
D) none of the above.

Question 6

Stroking the cheek of a neonate will result in

A) the infant orienting to the side of stimulation.
B) the infant looking to the opposite side.
C) the infant initiating tongue protrusion and retraction.
D) none of the above.

Question 7

A lip seal is important because

A) it keeps food and liquid in the mouth during mastication.
B) it helps maintain the positive pressure for swallowing.
C) it keeps one from breathing during mastication.
D) a & b
E) a, b, & c

Question 8

At birth, the neonate is

A) in a dominantly extended posture that will modify over time to become more flexed.
B) capable of ceasing respiration for up to half a second to facilitate swallowing.
C) capable of some limited voluntary motion.
D) governed by reflexes.

Question 9

An infant can

A) breathe and swallow at the same time.
B) only hold his or her breath for about half a second during the swallow.
C) swallow with his or her velum elevated.
D) none of the above.

Question 10

The region of the mouth is termed the

A) pre-oral region.
B) perinatal region.
C) perioral region.
D) none of the above.

Question 11

The important function of the buccal musculature in mastication and deglutition is

A) keeping food or liquid out of the buccal cavity.
B) keeping food or liquid on the molars for chewing.
C) helping to maintain a lip seal.
D) a & b
E) all of the above.

Question 12

In an infant, the epiglottis

A) depresses during the swallow.
B) remains elevated during the swallow.
C) remains in contact with the velum during the swallow.
D) a & b
E) b & c

Question 13

The adult pharynx

A) is capable of complete constriction.
B) is invested with numerous olfactory sensors.
C) is immobile during swallowing.
D) serves as a passageway for both food and air.

Question 14

The sucking reflex includes

A) pumping the tongue forward and back repeatedly.
B) elevation and depression of the mandible.
C) swallow of bolus after four or five pumps of the tongue.
D) a & b
E) a, b, & c

Question 15

Soft contact with the inner margin of the lips of a newborn will result in

A) protrusion and retraction of the tongue.
B) elevation and depression of the mandible.
C) vomiting ("spitting up").
D) a & b
E) a, b, & c

Question 16

The term "bolus" refers to

A) the mass of food being prepared for swallowing.
B) the ballast provided by tongue spatulation.
C) the specific process of trituration.
D) none of the above.

Question 17

Which of these statements is not true?

A) The infant's tongue is smaller than an adult's.
B) The infant's larynx is elevated relative to an adult's.
C) The infant's velum makes contact with the epiglottis.
D) b & c
E) All of the above are true.

Question 18

The bolus is moved down the pharynx by means of

A) pharyngeal peristalsis.
B) pharyngeal mastication.
C) increased pharyngeal pressure.
D) a & b
E) a & c

Question 19

The adult swallowing pattern includes

A) elevation of the larynx.
B) elevation of the velum.
C) depression of the epiglottis.
D) a & b
E) a, b, & c

Question 20

The term meaning disorders of swallowing is

A) dysphasia.
B) dysarthria.
C) dystonia.
D) dysphagia.

Question 21

The ____________________ is the mass of food or liquid that has been prepared for swallowing.

Question 22

____________________ refers to disorders of swallowing.

Question 23

The ____________________ stage of swallowing involves transit of the bolus through the esophagus.

Question 24

A tight lip seal is accomplished by muscles innervated by the (cranial nerve name and number) ____________________ nerve.

Question 25

____________________ refers to the processes involved in preparation of the bolus for swallowing.

Question 26

The process of mastication and food preparation is referred to as the ____________________ stage.

Question 27

_________________________ refers to pneumonia acquired as a result of food or liquid entering the lungs.

Question 28

Weak ____________________ musculature can result in pocketing of food in the cheeks.

Question 29

Contact of the tongue with teeth in the deciduous arch

A) reinforces a mature swallow.
B) removes plaque from the incisors.
C) eliminates the need for the velar depression.
D) supports movement of the larynx.

Question 30

Damage to the (cranial nerve name and number) ____________________ nerve can result in weak buccal musculature and pocketing of food in the cheeks.

Question 31

The mature swallow

A) requires contraction of the masseter, temporalis, and medial pterygoid to provide support for tongue retraction and superior pressure on the palate.
B) requires contraction of the platysma to maintain lip seal.
C) requires contraction of the zygomatic major muscles to help elevate the lips during swallowing.
D) a & b
E) all of the above.

Question 32

Failure of the tongue to exert sufficient superior force on the hard palate and upper dental arch during swallow will result in

A) collapse of the upper dental arch.
B) highly vaulted hard palate.
C) cleft palate.
D) a & b
E) a, b, & c

Question 33

____________________ refers to the process of swallowing.

Question 34

Superior force of the tongue directed toward the hard palate during swallow

A) is critical to development of the masseter, temporalis, and medial pterygoid muscles.
B) is critical to proper spreading of the dental arch.
C) is a hallmark of the mature swallow.
D) a & b
E) a, b, & c

Question 35

Infant dentition begins erupting

A) around the fourth month.
B) around the fifth month.
C) around the sixth month.
D) around the seventh month.

Question 36

The ____________________ stage of swallowing involves transit of the bolus through the pharynx.

Question 37

Paralysis of the (structure) ____________________ will result in nasal regurgitation during swallow.

Question 38

A tight ____________________ is required to keep food from exiting the mouth during mastication and deglutition.

Question 39

A tight lip seal requires contraction of the unpaired lower lip muscle called the ____________________.

Question 40

The ____________________ stage of swallowing involves transit of the bolus to the pharynx.

Question 41

During the pharyngeal stage of swallow, the larynx ____________________.

Question 42

Individuals with a deficit of the oral stage of swallow tend to have increased pooling in the ____________________.

Question 43

Upon initiation of the pharyngeal stage of swallow, the vocal folds ____________________.

Question 44

Lesion of the (cranial name and number) ____________________ nerve may result in loss of taste of the anterior two-thirds of the tongue.

Question 45

A lesion of the (cranial nerve name and number) ____________________ nerve can result in loss of sensation of the oral cavity.

Question 46

A lesion to the (cranial nerve name, number, and branch) ________________________________________ can result in inability of the vocal folds to adduct.

Question 47

Contact of the bolus with the fauces, posterior tongue base, or velum appears to trigger the beginning of the ____________________ stage of swallow.

Question 48

Movement of the tongue requires intact function of the (cranial nerve name and number) ____________________ nerve.

Question 49

Grinding of food in preparation for swallowing involves the group of muscles known as the muscles of ____________________.

Question 50

Lesion of the (cranial nerve name and number) ____________________ nerve may result in loss of sensation in the area of the vocal folds.

Question 51

The ____________________ moves the food onto the molars for chewing.

Question 52

A lesion of the (cranial nerve name and number) _________________________ nerve can result in failure to trigger the pharyngeal reflexes involved in swallowing.

Question 53

Sour taste is primarily perceived on the (tip/sides/posterior dorsum) ____________________ of the tongue.

Question 54

Sweet taste is primarily perceived on the (tip/sides/posterior dorsum) ____________________ of the tongue.

Question 55

The muscles of mastication are innervated by the (cranial nerve name and number) ____________________ nerve.

Question 56

Lesion of the (cranial name and number) _________________________ nerve may result in loss of taste sensation of the posterior one-third of the tongue.

Question 57

A lesion of the (cranial nerve name and number) ____________________ nerve may result in paralysis of the facial muscles.

Question 58

A lesion of the (cranial nerve name and number) ____________________ nerve may result in paralysis of the tongue.

Question 59

Salty taste is primarily perceived on the (tip/sides/posterior dorsum) ____________________ of the tongue.

Question 60

Bitter taste is primarily perceived on the (tip/sides/posterior dorsum) _________________________ of the tongue.

Question 61

Match each term to the correct descriptor. Terms may be used more than once or not at all.
a.salty
b.sweet
c.umami
d.bitter
Sensed primarily on the sides of the tongue

Question 62

The _________________________ reflex results in retraction of the tongue into the pharynx.

Question 63

Match each term to the correct descriptor. Terms may be used more than once or not at all.
a.palatal reflex
b.tongue base reflex
c.respiratory reflex
d.cough reflex
e.chewing reflex
Governs breathing

Question 64

Match each term to the correct descriptor. Terms may be used more than once or not at all.
a.salty
b.sweet
c.umami
d.bitter
Has no known localization of dominant perception

Question 65

Bitter taste and the gag reflex are both mediated by the (cranial nerve name and number) _________________________ nerve.

Question 66

Salty, sweet, and sour taste are primarily mediated by the (cranial nerve name and number) ____________________ nerve.

Question 67

Why do disorders of salivation develop?

Question 68

Why are nociceptors so important?

Question 69

Match each term to the correct descriptor. Terms may be used more than once or not at all.
a.palatal reflex
b.tongue base reflex
c.respiratory reflex
d.cough reflex
e.chewing reflex
Results in forceful expulsion of foreign bodies from the respiratory passageway

Question 70

Match each term to the correct descriptor. Terms may be used more than once or not at all.
a.palatal reflex
b.tongue base reflex
c.respiratory reflex
d.cough reflex
e.chewing reflex
Results in elevation of the velum

Question 71

Match each term to the correct descriptor. Terms may be used more than once or not at all.
a.salty
b.sweet
c.umami
d.bitter
Mediated by the same nerve that triggers the gag reflex

Question 72

What is involved in performing the sensory examination?

Question 73

Match each term to the correct descriptor. Terms may be used more than once or not at all.
a.palatal reflex
b.tongue base reflex
c.respiratory reflex
d.cough reflex
e.chewing reflex
Stimulated by contact with the posterior tongue

Question 74

Match each term to the correct descriptor. Terms may be used more than once or not at all.
a.salty
b.sweet
c.umami
d.bitter
Mediated by the IX glossopharyngeal nerve

Question 75

Bitter taste is primarily mediated by the (cranial nerve name and number) _________________________ nerve.

Question 76

What are the four stages of mastication and deglutition?

Question 77

Match each term to the correct descriptor. Terms may be used more than once or not at all.
a.salty
b.sweet
c.umami
d.bitter
Relates to monosodium glutamate or protein

Question 78

Match each term to the correct descriptor. Terms may be used more than once or not at all.
a.salty
b.sweet
c.umami
d.bitter
Mediated by the posterior dorsum of the tongue

Question 79

Match each term to the correct descriptor. Terms may be used more than once or not at all.
a.salty
b.sweet
c.umami
d.bitter
Sensed primarily on the tip of the tongue

Question 80

The ____________________ reflex involves elevation of the soft palate.