Deck 2: Anatomy of Respiration

Question 1

Which process forms the palpable aspect of the vertebral column?

A) Lateral
B) Costal
C) Spinous
D) Anterior

Answer 1

C

Question 2

How many cervical vertebrae are there in the human body?

A) 12
B) 6
C) 4
D) 7

Answer 2

D

Question 3

When the volume of a closed container such as a hypodermic needle is increased,

A) pressure increases.
B) pressure decreases.
C) Boyle's law is violated.
D) air or liquid will be sucked into the hypodermic needle.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

How many sacral vertebrae are there in the human body?

A) 5
B) 7
C) 12
D) None of the above

Question 5

The functional unit of the vertebral column is the

A) spinous process.
B) vertebrae.
C) lateral process.
D) vertebral canal.

Question 6

How many thoracic vertebrae are there in the human body?

A) 17
B) 7
C) 12
D) 8

Question 7

The lungs are housed within the

A) abdominal region.
B) sternal cavity.
C) diaphragm.
D) thorax.

Question 8

The lateral aspect of the thorax is made up of the

A) rib cage.
B) diaphragm.
C) sternum and clavicle.
D) scapula.

Question 9

Which of the following forms the superior attachment for the inguinal ligament?

A) Transverse process of S5
B) Sacral ridge
C) Pubic symphysis
D) Iliac crest

Question 10

The odontoid process is present only on the

A) second cervical vertebra.
B) second thoracic vertebra.
C) second lumbar vertebra.
D) second sacral vertebra.

Question 11

Boyle's law states that

A) given a constant temperature and pressure, increasing the number of molecules in a container will increase the pressure.
B) given a volume of gas, increasing the pressure on the gas will increase the number of molecules in the gas.
C) given a gas of constant temperature, increasing the volume of the chamber in which the gas is contained will decrease the pressure.
D) none of the above.

Question 12

C1 is termed the

A) axis.
B) atlas.
C) apex.
D) none of the above.

Question 13

The pelvic girdle is comprised of the ilium, sacrum, pubic bone, and

A) ischium.
B) sacroiliac.
C) icthic bone.
D) sarcoid unit.

Question 14

Gas exchange occurs within the minute air sacs of the lungs called

A) alveoli.
B) trachea.
C) bronchi.
D) terminal bronchioles.

Question 15

Which is the channel through which the spinal cord passes?

A) Vagal formation
B) Foramen ovale
C) Alveolar portion
D) Vertebral foramen

Question 16

Pressure is defined as

A) F = P/A.
B) F = A/P.
C) F = P x A/P.
D) none of the above.

Question 17

Which processes form the primary attachment of the rib to the vertebral column?

A) Transverse
B) Costal
C) Vertebral
D) Posterior

Question 18

Which of the following is defined as the exchange of oxygen between an organism and its environment?

A) Elimination
B) Expiration
C) Respiration
D) Inspiration

Question 19

How many lumbar vertebrae are there in the human body?

A) 8
B) 4
C) 6 or 7
D) None of the above

Question 20

Spinal nerves exit the spinal cord via the

A) vagal trigone.
B) foramen magnum.
C) intervertebral foramen.
D) pterygoid fossa.

Question 21

The ____________________ is a flexible tube beneath the larynx, forming the first passageway to the lungs.

Question 22

At rest, the rib cage slopes

A) downward.
B) upward.
C) laterally.
D) transversely.

Question 23

Alveoli are located at the ends of the ____________________ bronchioles.

Question 24

During inspiration, the diaphragm is contracted, which causes it to (elevate/depress) ____________________.

Question 25

The ____________________ process is the inferior-most aspect of the sternum.

Question 26

A relative increase in air pressure over atmospheric pressure is known as ____________________ pressure.

Question 27

The ____________________ is the point of bifurcation of the trachea.

Question 28

The esophagus is (anterior/posterior) ____________________ to the trachea.

Question 29

There are how many true ribs?

A) 12
B) 7
C) 5
D) 3

Question 30

During inspiration, the inspiratory muscles of the rib cage contract, causing the rib cage to (elevate/depress) ____________________.

Question 31

Which is the inferior-most component of the vertebral column?

A) Coccyx
B) Sacrum
C) Pubic symphysis
D) Sacral ridge

Question 32

Secondary bronchi serve the ____________________ of the lungs.

Question 33

The pectoral girdle consists of the scapula and

A) sternum.
B) cervical portion of the vertebral column.
C) clavicle.
D) inguinal ligament.

Question 34

A relative decrease in air pressure under atmospheric pressure is known as ____________________ pressure.

Question 35

The ____________________ of the sternum is the point of attachment for the first rib and clavicle.

Question 36

There is/are how many floating ribs?

A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 4

Question 37

Tertiary bronchi serve the ____________________ of the lungs.

Question 38

When the rib cage becomes smaller during respiration, air will flow (into/out of) ____________________ the lungs.

Question 39

The ____________________ of the sternum is the largest component, forming the point of attachment for all but one of the true ribs.

Question 40

The (left/right) ____________________ lung has two lobes.

Question 41

The ____________________ pleurae cover the surface of the lungs.

Question 42

The ____________________ nerve innervates the diaphragm.

Question 43

The ____________________ muscle elevates the sternum and clavicle, and also rotates the head.

Question 44

The ____________________ portion of the internal intercostal muscles is involved in inspiration.

Question 45

The ____________________ attachment of the diaphragm is the anterior-most point of origin of this muscle.

Question 46

The serratus posterior superior muscles (elevate/depress) ____________________ the rib cage.

Question 47

The term used for a punctured lung is ____________________.

Question 48

The ____________________ muscle is a massive muscle of inspiration making up the superficial upper back and neck; it originates along the spinous processes of C2 to T12 by means of fascial connection.

Question 49

The diaphragm muscle fibers arising from the ____________________ point of attachment encircle the esophagus as they transit to the central tendon.

Question 50

When the serous fluid between the pleural linings is lost or reduced, a person is said to have ____________________.

Question 51

The ____________________ pleurae cover the rib cage.

Question 52

The external intercostal muscles (elevate/depress) ____________________ the rib cage.

Question 53

The ____________________ intercostal muscles are primarily involved in expiration.

Question 54

When the diaphragm contracts, the central tendon (elevates/depresses) ____________________.

Question 55

The ____________________ muscle is actually a muscle of the arm, and elevates the rib cage by means of sternal and clavicular muscular components.

Question 56

The ____________________ lining completely envelops the lungs and the interior thoracic wall.

Question 57

The ____________________ intercostal muscles are muscles of inspiration.

Question 58

The ____________________ tendon is the point of insertion for all muscle fibers of the diaphragm.

Question 59

The space holding the heart is termed the ____________________.

Question 60

The phrenic nerve arises from the ____________________ plexus.

Question 61

Match each muscle to the correct descriptor. Terms may be used more than once or not at all.
a.pectoralis major
b.intraosseous portion, internal intercostals
c.pectoralis minor
d.sternocleidomastoid
e.scalenus anterior, medius, posterior
f.diaphragm
g.external intercostals
Elevate each of the ribs during inspiration

Question 62

The ____________________ muscle is found on the inner surface of the rib cage, originating on the margin of the sternum, with fibers coursing to the inner chondral surface of ribs 2 through 6. Contraction of this muscle resists elevation of the rib cage and decreases the volume of the thoracic cavity.

Question 63

What are the three classes of ribs?

Question 64

Match each term to the correct descriptor. Terms may be used more than once or not at all.
a.corpus sterni
b.manubrium sterni
c.xiphoid process
d.clavicle
e.scapula
f.thoracic vertebrae
g.cervical vertebrae
h.coccyx
i.sacrum
Vertebrae that have an opening through which the vertebral artery passes

Question 65

Match each term to the correct descriptor. Terms may be used more than once or not at all.
a.corpus sterni
b.manubrium sterni
c.xiphoid process
d.clavicle
e.scapula
f.thoracic vertebrae
g.cervical vertebrae
h.coccyx
i.sacrum
Forms the anterior-most attachment of the diaphragm

Question 66

Match each muscle to the correct descriptor. Terms may be used more than once or not at all.
a.pectoralis major
b.intraosseous portion, internal intercostals
c.pectoralis minor
d.sternocleidomastoid
e.scalenus anterior, medius, posterior
f.diaphragm
g.external intercostals
Lies deep to the pectoralis major, originates on the coracoid process of the scapula, and elevates the rib cage

Question 67

Match each muscle to the correct descriptor. Terms may be used more than once or not at all.
a.pectoralis major
b.intraosseous portion, internal intercostals
c.pectoralis minor
d.sternocleidomastoid
e.scalenus anterior, medius, posterior
f.diaphragm
g.external intercostals
Arm muscle that attaches to the sternum and elevates the sternum during inspiration

Question 68

The ____________________ hiatus is the opening of the diaphragm that permits connection of the pharyngeal region with the stomach.

Question 69

The _________________________ muscles are posterior thoracic muscles of inspiration that elevate the rib cage. Each portion originates on a transverse process of a vertebra (from C7 through T11), for a total of 12 muscles. Fibers course obliquely down and out to insert into the tubercle of the rib below.

Question 70

Match each muscle to the correct descriptor. Terms may be used more than once or not at all.
a.pectoralis major
b.intraosseous portion, internal intercostals
c.pectoralis minor
d.sternocleidomastoid
e.scalenus anterior, medius, posterior
f.diaphragm
g.external intercostals
Responsible for turning the head, as well as elevating the thorax

Question 71

The _________________________ muscles originate on the spinous processes of the T11, T12, and L1 through L3 vertebrae and course up and laterally to insert into the lower margin of the lower five ribs. Contraction of these muscles pulls the rib cage down for expiration.

Question 72

Match each term to the correct descriptor. Terms may be used more than once or not at all.
a.corpus sterni
b.manubrium sterni
c.xiphoid process
d.clavicle
e.scapula
f.thoracic vertebrae
g.cervical vertebrae
h.coccyx
i.sacrum
The superior-most structure of the sternum

Question 73

The _________________________ muscle originates on the spinous processes of C7 and T1 through T3. Fibers from these muscles course down and laterally to insert just beyond the angles of ribs 2 through 5. This group of muscles elevates the rib cage during inspiration.

Question 74

What are the three major structures of respiration?

Question 75

What it "dry" pleurisy?

Question 76

Match each term to the correct descriptor. Terms may be used more than once or not at all.
a.corpus sterni
b.manubrium sterni
c.xiphoid process
d.clavicle
e.scapula
f.thoracic vertebrae
g.cervical vertebrae
h.coccyx
i.sacrum
The inferior-most component of the vertebral column

Question 77

What are the three morphological changes that occur in people with emphysema?

Question 78

Match each term to the correct descriptor. Terms may be used more than once or not at all.
a.corpus sterni
b.manubrium sterni
c.xiphoid process
d.clavicle
e.scapula
f.thoracic vertebrae
g.cervical vertebrae
h.coccyx
i.sacrum
Forms the superior aspect of the pectoral girdle

Question 79

Match each muscle to the correct descriptor. Terms may be used more than once or not at all.
a.pectoralis major
b.intraosseous portion, internal intercostals
c.pectoralis minor
d.sternocleidomastoid
e.scalenus anterior, medius, posterior
f.diaphragm
g.external intercostals
The primary muscle of inspiration

Question 80

Match each term to the correct descriptor. Terms may be used more than once or not at all.
a.corpus sterni
b.manubrium sterni
c.xiphoid process
d.clavicle
e.scapula
f.thoracic vertebrae
g.cervical vertebrae
h.coccyx
i.sacrum
The head of the first rib attaches to this structure