Deck 28: The Life of a Flowering Plant

Question 1

What is the single layer of tightly packed cells that cover the entire root?

A)xylem
B)root hairs
C)epidermis
D)endodermis

Answer 1

C

Question 2

What do guard cells act to regulate?

A)stomata
B)cuticle
C)epidermis
D)root hairs

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Where are leaves attached to a stem?

A)joints
B)nodes
C)internodes
D)cotyledons

Answer 3

B

Question 4

What is the main site of photosynthesis in a typical leaf?

A)epidermis
B)endodermis
C)mesophyll
D)xylem

Question 5

What is the major component of most plant cell walls?

A)chloroplasts
B)lignin
C)starch
D)cellulose

Question 6

What constitutes the shoot system of a plant?

A)leaves, but not stems or roots
B)leaves and stems, but not roots
C)stems and roots, but not leaves
D)stems, leaves, and roots

Question 7

What are the tiny projections found on roots that increase the surface area?

A)root hairs
B)cotyledons
C)nodes
D)mesophyll

Question 8

What list best characterizes the monocots?

A)embryo with one seed leaf, leaves with parallel veins, stems with vascular bundles scattered, and flower parts in threes
B)embryo with one seed leaf, leaves with parallel veins, stems with a ring of vascular tissue, and flower parts in fives
C)embryo with two seed leaves, leaf veins not parallel, stems with ring of vascular tissue, and flower parts in fives
D)embryo with two seed leaves, leaf veins not parallel, stems with vascular bundles scattered, and flower parts in threes

Question 9

The eudicots are characterized by ________.

A)flower parts in threes
B)leaves with parallel veins
C)an embryo with two seed leaves
D)stems with scattered vascular bundles

Question 10

What product(s)used by humans sometimes comes from plants?

A)fuel, but not clothing or food
B)clothing, but not fuel or food
C)food, but not fuel or clothing
D)fuel, clothing, and food

Question 11

You trim two different houseplants. The first houseplant becomes bushier, but the pruning does not affect the growth of the second plant. A possible explanation is ________.

A)you removed the axillary bud on the first plant but not the second
B)the second plant forms tubers, but the first plant does not
C)the first plant has compound leaves and the second plant has simple leaves
D)you removed the terminal bud on the first plant but not the second

Question 12

Describe the vascular system of a typical plant.

A)It is made up of xylem and phloem, but does not provide support nor transport nutrients throughout the plant.
B)It is made up of xylem and phloem and provides support, but does not transport nutrients throughout the plant.
C)It is made up of xylem and phloem and transports nutrients throughout the plant, but does not provide support.
D)It is made up of xylem and phloem, transports nutrients throughout the plant, and provides support.

Question 13

Most domesticated food crops are ________.

A)mosses
B)gymnosperms
C)ferns
D)angiosperms

Question 14

The condition in which a plant's terminal bud of produces hormones that inhibit growth of axillary buds is ________.

A)biennial
B)secondary growth
C)apical dominance
D)germination

Question 15

What is the primary function of typical leaves?

A)anchoring
B)photosynthesis
C)shade
D)storage of the sugars produced

Question 16

What is a function of roots?

A)absorbing water, but not food storage or absorbing nutrients from the soil
B)absorbing nutrients from the soil, but not food storage or absorbing water
C)storing food, but not absorbing water or nutrients from the soil
D)storing food and absorbs water and nutrients from the soil

Question 17

What cell type provides support in growing parts of a plant?

A)parenchyma cells
B)collenchyma cells
C)sclerenchyma cells
D)water-conducting cells

Question 18

What structure is a stem modification for storage?

A)tuber
B)petiole
C)internode
D)runner

Question 19

The ________ is the selective barrier of a root that determines which substances pass between the cortex and vascular tissue.

A)epidermis
B)endodermis
C)cuticle
D)xylem

Question 20

What is the waxy coating secreted on leaves and most stems?

A)cuticle
B)lignin
C)endodermis
D)epidermis

Question 21

What has thick secondary cell walls usually strengthened with lignin?

A)parenchyma cells
B)collenchyma cells
C)sclerenchyma cells
D)water-conducting cells

Question 22

What contains the developing egg and cells that support it?

A)endosperm
B)ovule
C)anther
D)stigma

Question 23

A homeowner uses a nail to hang a "Home Sweet Home" sign on the trunk of an oak tree. The sign is 2 meters above the ground. The tree grows in height at a rate of 10 cm per year. How high above the ground will the sign be in 15 years?

A)1)5 meters
B)2 meters
C)3)5 meters
D)152 meters

Question 24

A plant grows taller through ________, which involves cell division in the ________.

A)primary growth; vascular cambium
B)secondary growth; vascular cambium
C)primary growth; apical meristem
D)secondary growth; cork cambium

Question 25

In which structure do pollen grains develop?

A)stamen
B)sepal
C)filament
D)anther

Question 26

A tree grows wider each year because of ________.

A)apical meristem, but not vascular cambium nor cork cambium
B)vascular cambium, but not apical meristem nor cork cambium
C)vascular cambium and cork cambium, but not apical meristem
D)apical meristem, vascular cambium, and cork cambium

Question 27

Which plant type(s)complete(s)their life cycle in 2 years?

A)annuals, but not perennials nor biennials
B)annuals and perennials, but not biennials
C)biennials, but not annuals nor perennials
D)perennials, but not annuals nor perennials

Question 28

What cells form chains with overlapping ends to form a system of water-carrying tubes, and are dead when mature?

A)collenchyma cells
B)sclerenchyma cells
C)tracheids and vessel elements
D)food-conducting cells

Question 29

The multicellular mass that nourishes the embryo until it becomes a self-supporting seedling is the ________.

A)endosperm
B)seed coat
C)fruit
D)cotyledon

Question 30

Flowering plants reproduce through ________.

A)asexual reproduction, but not sexual reproduction
B)sexual reproduction, but not asexual reproduction
C)asexual reproduction and sexual reproduction
D)budding

Question 31

The main parts of a flower are modified versions of ________.

A)stems
B)rhizomes
C)internodes
D)leaves

Question 32

A plant's diploid form is called the ________; the haploid form is called the ________.

A)sporophyte; pollen
B)sporophyte; gametophyte
C)gametophyte; sporophyte
D)gametophyte; fruit

Question 33

What is a function of parenchyma cells?

A)food storage, conducting water, and photosynthesis
B)photosynthesis, conducting food, and food storage
C)dividing and developing to become other types of cells, providing support for active growth, and food storage
D)food storage, photosynthesis, and dividing and developing to become other types of cells

Question 34

Which cells form tubes and are alive when mature?

A)parenchyma cells
B)collenchyma cells
C)tracheids and vessel elements
D)food-conducting cells

Question 35

The formation of a zygote and a cell with a triploid nucleus is unique to flowering plants and a few gymnosperms. What is this process called?

A)fertilization
B)double fertilization
C)germination
D)pollination

Question 36

What is the part of a flower that contains the female reproductive structures?

A)carpel
B)stamen
C)sepal
D)petal

Question 37

What is responsible for the increase in girth (width)of trees?

A)primary growth
B)secondary growth
C)growth in apical meristems
D)an increase in the width of vessel elements

Question 38

What is the most abundant cell type found in most plants?

A)parenchyma cells
B)collenchyma cells
C)sclerenchyma cells
D)tracheid cells

Question 39

The ________ enclose and protect the flower bud, while the ________ advertise the flower to insects and other pollinators.

A)anthers; petals
B)carpels; stigmata
C)sepals; stamens
D)sepals; petals

Question 40

________ is the delivery of pollen to the stigma.

A)Fertilization
B)Double fertilization
C)Germination
D)Pollination

Question 41

In a sporophyte of an angiosperm, growth occurs at ________ via ________.

A)meristems; mitosis
B)meristems; meiosis
C)flowers; fertilization
D)seeds; dispersal

Question 42

Bermudagrass is a plant that is commonly used on golf courses. It has a fibrous root system, and its leaf veins are parallel. As a result of being mowed on a regular basis in golf courses, it spreads via horizontal stems that root at the nodes, rather than by seed. It can live for many years. What is the best classification for bermudagrass on a golf course?

A)It is a perennial monocot that reproduces asexually.
B)It is an annual eudicot that reproduces asexually.
C)It is a perennial eudicot that reproduces sexually.
D)It is an annual monocot that reproduces sexually.

Question 43

Use this figure to answer the following questions.
The terminal bud in the figure above eventually differentiates into a flower, which is pollinated and forms a fruit. Which structure has cells with the fewest copies of the plant's genetic material?

A)egg
B)endosperm
C)petal
D)leaf

Question 44

Use this figure to answer the questions.
Examine the figure. Which structure has the same number of copies of chromosomes as the egg cell?

A)a nucleus in the pollen grain
B)endosperm
C)flower petal
D)leaf

Question 45

While on a hike, you notice that several burrs have become attached to your socks. You quickly pull them off. Inside the burr are several seeds. Burrs are produced by certain plants and frequently catch on animal fur (or people's clothing). After thinking about it, you decide that the burr is a type of ________ that is an adaptation for ________.

A)leaf; protecting plants from herbivores
B)fruit; seed dispersal
C)cambium; seed protection
D)pollen grain; successful pollination

Question 46

Use this figure to answer the following questions.
The arrows in the figure above illustrate ________.

A)germination
B)secondary growth
C)meiosis
D)primary growth

Question 47

Use this figure to answer the questions.
Examine the figure. Secondary growth involves cell division in the ________.

A)cork cambium and apical meristem
B)vascular cambium and apical meristem
C)vascular cambium and cork cambium
D)secondary xylem and secondary phloem

Question 48

Unlike angiosperms, gymnosperms like pines have single instead of double fertilization, but otherwise have an identical life cycle. What structure should show the greatest difference between angiosperms and gymnosperms?

A)egg cell
B)seedling
C)seed
D)leaf cell

Question 49

What is the likely effect of pruning a plant at the dotted line?

A)The plant will grow taller.
B)The plant will increase branching.
C)The plant will produce flowers.
D)The plant will grow more roots.

Question 50

Please refer to the art of the cross-sections of two trees to answer the following questions.
How old are these trees?

A)3)5 years old
B)7 years old
C)14 years old
D)28 years old

Question 51

What typically has to happen before a fruit develops?

A)flowering, but not pollination or double fertilization
B)flowering and pollination, but not double fertilization
C)pollination and double fertilization, but not flowering
D)flowering, pollination, and double fertilization

Question 52

What describes the interdependence between flowering plants and animals?

A)Most angiosperms depend on insects, birds, or mammals for pollination, but not seed dispersal. Most land animals do not depend on angiosperms for food.
B)Most angiosperms depend on insects, birds, or mammals for pollination, and most land animals depend on angiosperms for food. Most angiosperms do not depend on animals for seed dispersal.
C)Most land animals depend on angiosperms for food, but angiosperms do not depend on any animals for pollination or seed dispersal.
D)Most angiosperms depend on insects, birds, or mammals for pollination and seed dispersal. Most land animals depend on angiosperms for food.

Question 53

The diploid number for the tomato, a eudicot, is 24. One of its pollen grains has ________ chromosomes, and the nutritive tissue of the seed has ________ chromosomes.

A)12; 12
B)12; 24
C)24; 24
D)24; 36

Question 54

Which statement CORRECTLY compares the growth of these two trees?

A)The two trees grew at the same rate.
B)The tree on the left grew at a slower rate than the tree on the right.
C)The tree on the left grew at a faster rate than the tree on the right.
D)The growth of the two trees cannot be compared with the images shown.

Question 55

What initiates seed germination?

A)water is taken up by the seed
B)warm temperatures are sensed by the seed
C)oxygen is present
D)sunlight is sufficient

Question 56

Use this figure to answer the questions.
Examine the figure. What process occurs in the cork cambium?

A)mitosis
B)meiosis
C)pollination
D)germination

Question 57

Humans domesticated the rose from a wild ancestor with large, scented flowers. Why might fragrant chemicals in flowers be adaptive for wild roses?

A)They attract herbivores.
B)They repel seed dispersal agents.
C)They attract pollinators.
D)They prevent seed germination.

Question 58

What represents one year of growth in the figure?

A)one white ring, plus an adjacent dark ring
B)one dark ring
C)one white ring
D)one dark ring, plus one adjacent white ring plus one more adjacent dark ring

Question 59

Use this figure to answer the questions.
Examine the figure. What process has to occur to produce a haploid embryo sac?

A)meiosis
B)meiosis followed by mitosis
C)mitosis followed by meiosis
D)mitosis

Question 60

These trees most likely grew in an environment with ________.

A)constant cold temperatures
B)constant warm temperatures
C)alternating warm and cold seasons
D)It is not possible to predict the temperatures of the trees' environment.

Question 61

What evidence best supports the pineapple's classification as a monocot, and not a eudicot?

A)Its pollen grains have one opening.
B)It produces a fruit.
C)Its flowers have three petals each.
D)It has double fertilization.

Question 62

Read the following scenario to answer the following questions.
In late 2006, bee workers in the United States started to notice a disturbing phenomenon: the sudden disappearance of honeybees from commercial hives. This mysterious condition was called "colony collapse disorder," and it has caused a drastic reduction in commercial honeybee populations all over the country. It is estimated that one-third of our food supply relies on bees and is in danger. Crops that rely most heavily on honeybees include apples, almonds, blueberries, and pumpkins. If colony collapse disorder cannot be cured or treated effectively, farmers may have to turn to other insects, perhaps other bee species or even moths.
Without honeybees, which process in the life cycle of plants such as apples, almonds, blueberries, and pumpkins is most affected?

A)seed dispersal
B)secondary growth
C)pollination
D)seed germination

Question 63

Read the following scenario to answer the questions. The pineapple, grown for its sweet fruit, is a tropical monocot with a diploid number of 50. It can live for many years. The plant starts as one short stem with tough leaves. The flowers of the pineapple are located as a cluster at the very top of the stem. After pollination, the single fruit forms from the fusion of the ovaries of the flowers in the cluster. The seeds are located just underneath the surface of the fruit. The pineapple fruit is harvested by cutting at the base of the fruit. After the first fruit is produced, side shoots grow from the main stem, which can go on to produce additional fruits.
The first pineapple on a plant develops from ________, whereas the pineapples from the second harvest of the same plant develop from ________.

A)the terminal bud; the axillary buds
B)the terminal bud; the root caps
C)the axillary bud; the terminal buds
D)primary growth; secondary growth

Question 64

Read the following scenario to answer the following questions.
The North American beaver is a large rodent that builds dams to convert freshwater streams into ponds. Beavers build their dams out of trees, which they cut down using their front teeth. Beavers also eat the leaves and bark of trees, as well as the starchy roots of water lilies.
As a beaver chews from the outside to the inside of a tree, in what order does it encounter plant tissues?

A)secondary xylem ⇒ secondary phloem ⇒ cork ⇒ cork cambium ⇒ vascular cambium
B)cork cambium ⇒ cork ⇒ secondary xylem ⇒ vascular cambium ⇒ secondary phloem
C)cork ⇒ cork cambium ⇒ vascular cambium ⇒ secondary xylem ⇒ secondary phloem
D)cork ⇒ cork cambium ⇒ secondary phloem ⇒ vascular cambium ⇒ secondary xylem

Question 65

What is the best category of growth for the plants sampled by these two wood samples?

A)perennial
B)biennial
C)annual

Question 66

Which plant structure is adapted for attracting beneficial insects such as honeybees?

A)axillary bud
B)terminal bud
C)flower
D)petiole

Question 67

Cellulases are enzymes that are used to break down cellulose. Per unit of mass, which type of cell requires the LEAST amount of cellulase to decompose cell walls?

A)parenchyma
B)collenchyma
C)sclerenchyma

Question 68

Cellulases are enzymes that are used to break down cellulose. What type of cell would have cell walls that take the LONGEST for cellulases to break down?

A)sclerenchyma
B)parenchyma
C)collenchyma

Question 69

Beavers dams are sturdy, because the part of a tree that provides structural support when the tree is alive lends its strength to the dam, even after the tree is dead. What part of a tree provides this structural support?

A)heartwood
B)bark
C)collenchyma
D)parenchyma

Question 70

When a beaver is eating bark, what plant structures is it ingesting?

A)secondary phloem, cork cambium, and cork
B)secondary xylem, secondary phloem, and cork cambium
C)primary phloem, cortex, and endodermis
D)primary xylem, vascular cambium, and primary phloem

Question 71

Describe the pattern of growth for the trees in the image.

A)Rapid growth initially was followed by slower growth.
B)Slow growth initially was followed by rapid growth.
C)Growth was slow and steady.
D)Growth was rapid and steady.

Question 72

Where would we expect to find cells with 25 unpaired chromosomes in a pineapple plant?

A)in the leaves
B)in the ovaries prior to pollination
C)in the fruit
D)in the fused ovaries

Question 73

Water lilies store carbohydrates in their roots, which is why beavers like to eat water lily roots. What type of plant cells store these carbohydrates?

A)guard cells
B)sclerenchyma cells
C)parenchyma cells
D)collenchyma cells

Question 74

he width of tree rings provides insights into the environmental conditions experienced by a tree in the past. A way of sampling tree rings without cutting down a tree involves drilling out a narrow cylinder of wood from just beneath the bark to the center of a tree. The image below shows two samples of Picea abies (Norway spruce). The bark of the trees is on the left side, and the center of the trees is on the right, but off the photo. Examine this image to answer the questions.
The amount of growth in a season depends on climate conditions. Examine the image, and interpret the pattern of tree growth to estimate the conditions recorded in these trees.

A)It may have been wetter and warmer when the trees were young compared to more recent times.
B)It may have been drier and colder when the trees were young compared to more recent times.
C)Conditions in the past were identical to recent times.

Question 75

When a beaver is eating leaves, what plant structure(s)is it ingesting?

A)mesophyll, but not parenchyma nor cork
B)parenchyma, but not mesophyll nor cork
C)cork, but not mesophyll nor parenchyma
D)mesophyll and parenchyma, but not cork

Question 76

Energy input is required to process plant matter in a way that prepares plant cells for cellulosic ethanol production. Lignin needs to be removed to make cellulose accessible. What plant tissue would require the MOST energy input during this preparation step?

A)secondary xylem
B)perennial dermal tissue
C)eudicot ground tissue
D)monocot mesophyll

Question 77

What type of meristem produces the annual growth rings?

A)vascular cambium
B)cork cambium
C)apical meristem

Question 78

What type of cells are most likely composing the dark ring of annual growth in the image?

A)tracheids
B)food conducting cells
C)collenchyma
D)apical meristem

Question 79

Water lily shoots and roots have very little structural support. This support is not needed in aquatic habitats. What structures would you be LEAST likely to see in a water lily stem?

A)epidermis
B)parenchyma
C)sclerenchyma
D)tracheids

Question 80

What type of plant growth can be observed with these cross-sections?

A)secondary growth
B)primary growth
C)biennial growth