Deck 25: Hormones

Question 1

Water-soluble hormones can cause different effects in different cells depending on the type of cell and ________.

A)its signal transduction pathway
B)the particular organelle that is targeted
C)the binding of the hormone to either DNA or RNA
D)the type of ribosomes in the cell

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Which organ has both endocrine and nonendocrine functions?

A)pancreas
B)salivary gland
C)anterior pituitary gland
D)skeletal muscle

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Which statement is TRUE?

A)The anterior pituitary is composed of nervous tissue.
B)The anterior pituitary and posterior pituitary work together to secrete the same hormones.
C)Inhibiting hormones make the anterior pituitary secrete hormones.
D)The pituitary secretes hormones that influence numerous body functions.

Answer 3

D

Question 4

In general, hormones that bind to plasma membrane receptors ________.

A)are steroid hormones
B)bind to DNA and cause changes in transcription
C)cannot pass through cell membranes
D)are produced in the interstitial fluid

Question 5

Which hormone is made by the hypothalamus and released by the posterior pituitary?

A)estrogen
B)growth hormone
C)ADH
D)insulin

Question 6

Which hormone affects the greatest variety of cell types?

A)thyroid stimulating hormone
B)insulin
C)growth hormone
D)antidiuretic hormone

Question 7

Which molecule is a not a steroid hormone?

A)glucagon
B)progesterone
C)androgen

Question 8

Steroid hormones usually ________.

A)trigger a signal transduction pathway when they bind to a membrane receptor
B)bind to mRNA in the cytoplasm to initiate transcription
C)bind to receptors in the cytoplasm or nucleus
D)bind to rRNA to prevent translation

Question 9

Alcohol acts as a diuretic by opposing the action of ________.

A)ADH
B)glucagon
C)HGH
D)adrenalin

Question 10

Which structure exerts primary regulation of the concentration of sugar in the blood?

A)liver
B)pituitary
C)thyroid
D)pancreas

Question 11

The relationship of insulin to glucagon can be described as ________.

A)working together to prepare the body to deal with stress
B)insulin stimulates the pancreas to secrete glucagon
C)high levels of insulin inhibit pancreatic secretion of glucagon
D)They are antagonistic hormones.

Question 12

When a cell responds to a particular steroid hormone it would be expected to have ________.

A)DNA sites that interact with the hormone
B)a receptor inside the cell that binds the hormone
C)a cell-surface receptor that binds the hormone

Question 13

Hypothyroidism can result in ________.

A)goiter
B)a low sperm count
C)too little iodine
D)hyperactivity

Question 14

Which structure is part of the brain?

A)thyroid
B)hypothalamus
C)adrenal cortex

Question 15

Hormones regulate ________.

A)growth, but not reproduction or metabolism
B)reproduction, but not growth or metabolism
C)metabolism, but not growth or reproduction
D)Growth, reproduction, and metabolism are all regulated by hormones.

Question 16

Hormones are usually transported through ________ and affect only cells with ________.

A)ducts; specific receptors
B)intercellular junctions; cell junctions
C)blood vessels; specific receptors
D)blood vessels; cell junctions

Question 17

Which gland would be most likely impacted by a lack of the element iodine in your diet?

A)thyroid
B)adrenal
C)anterior pituitary
D)ovary

Question 18

Which choice INCORRECTLY pairs an endocrine gland or hormone with an aspect of metabolism that it regulates?

A)TSH-thyroid hormone
B)pancreas-blood glucose levels
C)adrenalin-blood calcium levels

Question 19

Steroid hormones ________.

A)begin their action outside the membrane
B)usually diffuse through the plasma membrane into target cells
C)bind to receptors in the plasma membrane
D)are water soluble

Question 20

What happens when the concentration of glucose in the blood rises after a meal is digested?

A)Increased amounts of both glucagon and insulin are released.
B)An increased amount of glucagon is released.
C)An increased amount of insulin is released.
D)Glucagon and insulin levels in the blood stay the same.

Question 21

If your body does not secrete enough ________, your response to stress may be decreased.

A)ACTH
B)insulin
C)HGH
D)prolactin

Question 22

What is the metabolic abnormality that underlies the characteristic symptoms of diabetes mellitus, such as frequent urination?

A)a failure of the kidney tubules to reabsorb enough glucose from the urine
B)a failure of the gastrointestinal epithelium to absorb enough glucose from food
C)an inability of the body's cells to retain glucose they have absorbed from the blood
D)an inability of the body's cells to absorb enough glucose from the blood

Question 23

In the presence of stress, which gland is most likely to be active?

A)pancreas
B)adrenal
C)posterior pituitary

Question 24

Jenny is losing weight, has poor tolerance to heat, and has mood swings, high blood pressure, and a rapid heart rate. She has very high levels of thyroid hormone, high levels of TSH, and a goiter. Which of these diagnoses is the most likely for Jenny's condition?

A)defective thyroid hormone receptors in the body cells
B)insufficient iodine in the diet
C)defective receptors for thyroid hormone control by the anterior pituitary
D)too much iodine in the diet

Question 25

Which hormone is secreted by a sexually mature woman?

A)testosterone, but not estrogen or progesterone
B)estrogen, but not testosterone or progesterone
C)progesterone, but not estrogen or testosterone
D)All of these are secreted by a sexually mature woman.

Question 26

Please refer to the following art to answer the following questions.
What is special about the target cells that allows them to respond to the hormone? Only the target cells ________.

A)are close enough to the blood vessels to respond
B)touch the blood vessels
C)have specific receptors to the hormone
D)located in organs next to the kidneys can respond

Question 27

Many cases of pediatric thyroid cancer occurred after the 1986 Chernobyl nuclear accident in Ukraine and the cause was traced to milk containing iodine-131. What would be an effective method to prevent thyroid cancer increase following exposure to excessive radiation?

A)Do not allow anyone to drink any milk.
B)Give dairy cows large doses of iodine.
C)Give humans large doses of iodine before exposure.
D)Give people large doses of iodine a few days following exposure.

Question 28

Which of the following hormones causes a rise in the concentration of glucose in the blood?

A)insulin
B)glucagon
C)oxytocin
D)ADH

Question 29

The development of ________ may be stimulated by estrogen.

A)breasts
B)a low-pitched voice
C)sperm production
D)facial hair

Question 30

Which disorder can sometimes be managed with diet and exercise?

A)type 1 diabetes
B)type 2 diabetes
C)type 3 diabetes
D)hypoglycemia

Question 31

Which of these is generally considered a benefit of synthetic hormones?

A)effects on kidney and liver
B)cardiovascular effects
C)increased hostility
D)mimicking estrogen

Question 32

Which of these behaviors is NOT associated with androgens?

A)body-slamming in elephant seals
B)mating songs in frogs
C)territorial battles in fish
D)maturation of ovaries in bears

Question 33

An example of the action of an endocrine disruptor is ________.

A)BPA in bottles affects particular glands
B)feedback from estrogen inhibits FSH
C)lack of iodine prevents synthesis of adequate thyroid hormone

Question 34

Which gland is located nearest the kidneys?

A)ovaries
B)pineal gland
C)thyroid gland
D)adrenal glands

Question 35

If body cells have too few receptors for insulin, ________.

A)the insulin level is likely to decrease
B)the blood glucose level may rise to abnormal levels
C)the liver will need to break down more glycogen
D)more glucagon will be needed

Question 36

Epinephrine ________.

A)decreases metabolic rate
B)decreases heart rate
C)increases absorption of glucose by the digestive tract
D)increases breathing rate

Question 37

As this boxer is finishing his fight, which of these hormone is NOT likely to be elevated?

A)adrenalin
B)ADH
C)insulin
D)androgens

Question 38

Nate is gaining weight, is often tired, and feels cold. His thyroid hormone level is high as is the level of TSH. Nate also has a goiter. Which of these diagnoses is the most likely for Nate's condition?

A)defective thyroid hormone receptors in his body cells
B)insufficient iodine in his diet
C)defective receptors for thyroid hormone control by the anterior pituitary
D)too much iodine in the diet

Question 39

Which hormone can make a person susceptible to infection when administered for too long as a drug?

A)glucagon
B)growth hormone
C)corticosteroids
D)antidiuretic hormone

Question 40

Natalie is lethargic, has poor tolerance to cold, and the amount of thyroid hormone in her body is low even though the level of TSH is high. Natalie has a goiter. Which of these diagnoses is the most likely for Natalie's condition?

A)defective thyroid hormone receptors in the body cells
B)insufficient iodine in the diet
C)defective receptors for thyroid hormone control by the anterior pituitary
D)too much iodine in the diet

Question 41

Researchers observed a number of behavioral problems among women who used anabolic steroids including abuse of other substances, rigid dietary practices, as well as dissatisfaction and preoccupation with their appearance. Why would women who are dissatisfied with their appearance use anabolic steroids?

A)Anabolic steroid use is known to increase fertility and sexual attractiveness of the user.
B)Some women consider extra muscle mass to be an attractive trait.
C)Increase in reproductive hormones that result from anabolic steroid use enhance female characteristics such as breast size.
D)Anabolic steroids are known to help reduce weight and many women consider thinness an attractive trait.

Question 42

Examine the figure. The process shown is an example of ________.

A)information flow from the pancreas to the liver
B)regulation by the hypothalamus
C)regulation of thyroxin by the liver
D)the production of dwarfism

Question 43

In the study shown in the figure, male African clawed frogs were treated with atrazine, which is the most commonly applied herbicide (weed-killer)in the world.. These frogs were compared to other untreated frogs. Treated and untreated frogs were presented with a female and the number of successful matings of each was recorded. What questions can be answered by these data?

A)Does atrazine have a greater effect on male frogs than on female frogs?
B)Does the level of testosterone relate to mating success?
C)Do individual frogs mate fewer times if they have been exposed to atrazine?
D)Can atrazine be used to control frog population size?

Question 44

The hormone being released from the organs shown in the figure is likely to be ________.

A)adrenalin
B)growth
C)testosterone

Question 45

Seawater is rich in iodine and is found in coastal soils and in seafood. This might explain why scientists observer that ________.

A)goiters rarely appear in people living near the coast
B)fish have body fluids that are isotonic to seawater
C)hormones generally travel through the blood circulatory system
D)many sea creatures have shells composed of calcium

Question 46

Examine the figure. If blood glucose levels decline, ________.

A)the pancreas releases more glucagon, which causes glucose to be released into the blood
B)the pancreas releases more insulin, which causes glucose to be released into the blood
C)body cells take up more glucose
D)liver cells convert glucose to glycogen

Question 47

In the study shown in the figure, male African clawed frogs were treated with atrazine, which is the most commonly applied herbicide (weed-killer)in the world. These frogs were compared to untreated frogs. Treated and untreated frogs were presented with a female and the number of successful matings of each was recorded. What can you conclude from the data shown?

A)Atrazine causes feminization of male frogs.
B)The level of testosterone is lower in frogs treated with atrazine than in those of the untreated group.
C)Frogs cannot mate successfully if their testosterone is too high.
D)Atrazine prevents successful mating in all African clawed frogs.

Question 48

Which list includes only those factors necessary for a hormone to be effective?

A)hormone producing gland, a duct through which hormones can flow, proper receptors at target organ
B)hormone producing cells with membrane channels through which the hormone can be released, proper receptors in the bloodstream and a target organ
C)hormone producing cells with membrane channels through which the hormone can be released, access to the bloodstream and receptors on a target organ
D)hormone producing gland that is controlled by another hormone producing gland, a duct through which hormones can flow, a clear connection to the target organ

Question 49

Please read the scenario to answer the questions.
Osteoporosis is a disease characterized by loss of bone mass and an increased susceptibility to bone fractures. It threatens more than half of all Americans over the age of 50. Women are about four times more likely to suffer from the disease than men. Osteoporosis may progress undetected until bones become so weak that they break during common activities. Prevention of osteoporosis includes regular weight-bearing exercise, recommended intake of calcium and vitamin D, and avoidance of smoking and excessive alcohol.
Astronauts returning from long periods in space often have very fragile bones. This is likely related to ________.

A)overproduction of thyroid hormone
B)lack of gravity
C)diet lacking in calcium
D)excessive production of ADH

Question 50

In testing the mood-altering effects of anabolic steroids, 20 volunteers were given a placebo on day 1, a low dose of steroids on day 3, a higher dose of steroids on day 6 and a placebo again on day 9. What is the control in this experiment?

A)The experiment has no control since all of the subjects were test subjects.
B)The volunteers given the high dose of steroids were the control.
C)Each volunteer became part of the experimental control when they were given a placebo.

Question 51

Examine the figure below. The behavior exhibited by these elephant seals is promoted by ________.

A)growth hormone, which has brought about full body size
B)testosterone, which has brought about sexual maturity
C)antagonistic hormones, which cause aggression

Question 52

Calcium levels are regulated by antagonistic hormones. This is likely because ________.

A)calcium has to be produced by the body and that production must be regulated
B)bone formation occurs only during puberty when many other hormones are present, thus careful regulation is necessary
C)both too much and too little calcium can have disastrous effects on the body, thus the levels need tight regulation
D)calcium is needed to repair bone fractures, so antagonistic hormones make sure some are released at all times

Question 53

If the boxer wanted to be more confident and less stressed as he entered the fight, a good strategy would be to ________.

A)eat a large amount of carbohydrates to be sure glucose is properly regulated
B)assume a power pose for a period of time before the fight
C)drink milk to increase the amount of calcium in his blood
D)take iodide tablets to insure that sufficient thyroxin is produced