Deck 16: Sexual Coercion

Question 1

Women are more likely to report sexual assault to the police when the perpetrator is

A)a stranger.
B)an acquaintance.
C)a family member.
D)an employer.

Answer 1

A

Question 2

In Canada, the majority of reported sexual offenses are classified as

A)Level 1.
B)Level 2.
C)Level 3.
D)sexual harassment.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

One of the central myths about sexual assault in our culture is that most sexual assaults are perpetrated

A)by acquaintances.
B)by husbands against their wives.
C)by strangers.
D)on dates.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Canadian statistics from 2002 show that approximately ________ of sexual assaults were committed by an acquaintance.

A)20%
B)30%
C)40%
D)50%

Question 5

The statute of limitations for prosecution of sexual assault in Canada is

A)1 year.
B)5 years.
C)10 years.
D)There is no statute of limitations for prosecution of sexual assault.

Question 6

Approximately ________ of Canadian college and university women reported they had been coerced, either verbally or physically, to have unwanted sex.

A)10%
B)20%
C)30%
D)40%

Question 7

In Canada, sexual assault involving a weapon would be categorized as

A)Level 1.
B)Level 2.
C)Level 3.
D)Level 4.

Question 8

Sexual assault classified as Level 3 is characterized by

A)minor physical injury.
B)maiming and disfigurement.
C)threats to use a weapon.
D)threats to injure friends or family members.

Question 9

Researchers estimate that ____ in _____ sexual assaults are never reported to police.

A)1; 50
B)1; 25
C)1; 10
D)1; 100

Question 10

In Canada, rape

A)would be listed as a Level 1 sexual assault.
B)would be listed as an aggravated sexual assault.
C)would be listed as a sexual assault causing bodily harm.
D)was removed from the Criminal Code of Canada and replaced with sexual assault.

Question 11

In Canada, the sexual assault rate is highest among those aged

A)15-24.
B)25-44.
C)45-55.
D)55 and older.

Question 12

What statement in true with regards to consent for sexual activity?

A)Consent must be obtained when one partner is under the influence of drugs.
B)Consent must be obtained when one partner is intoxicated.
C)Consent must be obtained when one partner is underage.
D)Consent must be obtained when an individual is not intoxicated, not underage, not unconscious, or not under the influence of drugs.

Question 13

In stranger sexual assault, it is typical for an assailant to

A)choose a victim and then carefully plan the sexual assault.
B)choose a victim impulsively and immediately commit the sexual assault.
C)invite a woman on a date and then force sex.
D)target prepubescent children.

Question 14

In Canada, the highest rates of police-reported sexual assault occur in

A)Nunavut.
B)Manitoba.
C)Ontario.
D)Quebec.

Question 15

Statistics from the 2009 General Social Survey (GSS)indicate that approximately ______ of perpetrators of sexual assault are male.

A)90%
B)60%
C)75%
D)99%

Question 16

In general, women are more likely to be sexually assaulted by

A)men they know.
B)strangers.
C)criminals.
D)men in positions of power.

Question 17

In Canada, which of the following would be classified as a sexual assault if consent were not given?

A)touching a person's breasts
B)telling an explicit joke
C)voyeurism
D)obscene phone call

Question 18

Which statement is true with regards to sexual assault?

A)Sexual assault is an act of power and dominance.
B)Sexual assault is an act of sex.
C)Unwanted sexual activity between married individuals is not classified as assault.
D)Unwanted sexual activity between persons of the same sex is not classified as sexual assault.

Question 19

In terms of the number of sexual offenses that were reported over the past decades, the number has

A)increased.
B)increased in line with population growth.
C)stayed the same.
D)decreased.

Question 20

Joanne, a 21-year-old university student, is most likely to be sexually assaulted by

A)a friend or acquaintance.
B)a co-worker.
C)a stranger at the university she attends.
D)a complete stranger, while walking home from university.

Question 21

As Magdalene's husband began to drink more, he became more sexually aggressive. In the last three months, he has forced sex on her three times. If she is typical of most victims of marital sexual assault, Magdalene is likely to

A)seek counselling.
B)get the police involved.
C)stay silent and remain with her husband.
D)secretly run away.

Question 22

Men who are coerced into sexual activity are more likely to

A)be physically pressured.
B)made to feel guilty causing them to "give in."
C)experience intoxication.
D)be emotionally pressured.

Question 23

Research on university students supports the connection between ________ and tendencies to sexual assault.

A)having been a victim of sexual assault
B)stereotypical masculine identification
C)the use of pornography
D)gang affiliation

Question 24

Which statement is true regarding male sexual assault?

A)Most men who sexually assault other men are homosexual.
B)The only motive cited for male sexual assault is retaliation.
C)Males are generally attacked by a single assailant.
D)Most male sexual assaults are perpetrated by other males.

Question 25

Which of the following statements best reflects the findings from research on sexually coercive men?

A)Most sexually coercive men are mentally ill.
B)Most sexually coercive men have criminal backgrounds.
C)Sexually coerceive men have lower IQs.
D)There is no single type of man who commits sexual assault.

Question 26

Male sexual assault victims

A)are often attacked by multiple assailants.
B)suffer less emotional trauma than female victims.
C)suffer fewer physical injuries than female victims.
D)are more willing to report the sexual assault than female victims.

Question 27

Police-reported data shows that in 2007, approximately ______ of sexual assaults were committed by strangers.

A)20%
B)10%
C)30%
D)5%

Question 28

Research from 65 studies conducted in 22 countries indicates that approximately ____ % of girls have been sexually abused.

A)20
B)5
C)50
D)10

Question 29

When ingested, rohypnol casues

A)impaired judgment and heightened sexual arousal.
B)impaired judgment and memory loss.
C)loss of inhibitions and enhanced sexual arousal.
D)paralysis and memory loss.

Question 30

Which is not true about posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)?

A)PTSD is primarily experienced by women.
B)PTSD is brought on by exposure to a traumatic event.
C)People with PTSD may have flashbacks of the traumatic experience.
D)PTSD may persist for years.

Question 31

The major motive behind gang sexual assault is

A)anger.
B)power.
C)solidarity.
D)competition.

Question 32

Which statement is true regarding partner sexual assault?

A)In Canada, a man cannot be convicted of sexually assaulting his wife.
B)Partner sexual assault is more common than date sexual assault.
C)Men with traditional views of sexual relationships are less likely to commit partner sexual assault.
D)Marital sexual assault is a crime in all societies.

Question 33

College men who held "traditional" views of gender roles were

A)less likely to accept violence against women.
B)more likely to blame sexual assault survivors.
C)less likely to become aroused by depictions of sexual assault.
D)less likely to have engaged in sexual coercion.

Question 34

In a study of Canadian male university students, ______ reported that they had been coerced into having sex in the previous year.

A)10%
B)5%
C)50%
D)20%

Question 35

What is the accepted way of expressing sexual consent?

A)not stopping the partner
B)verbally expressing agreement to sexual activity
C)positive body language
D)There has been no real consensus as to the proper definition of consent.

Question 36

Which of the following is not one of the myths about sexual assault mentioned in the text?

A)"Women say no when they mean yes."
B)"Deep down, women want to be assaulted."
C)"Women make up sexual assault to retaliate against men."
D)"Women like a man who is forceful and pushy."

Question 37

Upon release from prison, Canadian sex offenders

A)are mandated to take anti-androgen drugs to reduce their sex drive.
B)undergo psychological interventions to reduce recidivism.
C)must be evaluated for possible surgical castration.
D)must register with the national sex offender registry.

Question 38

In studies looking for commonalities among individuals who commit sexual assault, evidence suggests that

A)most have antisocial personality disorders.
B)they are generally just as intelligent and mentally fit as others.
C)the majority display narcissistic traits.
D)they come from highly dysfunctional families.

Question 39

Men who sexually assault other men are rarely motivated by

A)revenge.
B)domination.
C)sexual arousal.
D)sadism.

Question 40

A father who abuses his preschool child tends to be

A)domineering.
B)authoritarian.
C)independent.
D)passive.

Question 41

In terms of sexual assault prevention, which of the following is not an appropriate prevention measure?

A)Keep doorways and entries well lit.
B)Check the back seat of your car before entering.
C)List yourself on your mailbox by first initials only.
D)Keep your keys in your pocket while walking to the car since you need your hands free.

Question 42

Research has shown that if attacked, pleading, begging, or attempting to reason with the assailant

A)is an effective strategy for preventing sexual assault.
B)can be effective in some situations.
C)will not stop the sexual assault but will lessen the chance of serious injury.
D)will buy enough time for a passerby to intervene or call the police.

Question 43

Research indicates that many pedophiles are

A)controlling and seek out children for sexual activity in times of stress.
B)weak, passive, and socially inept.
C)manipulative, aggressive, and socially skilled.
D)passive but socially skilled.

Question 44

Treatment of sexual assault survivors typically involves two stages. What are these two stages?

A)crisis intervention and facilitation of longterm adjustment
B)medication and peer counseling
C)rehabilitation and counseling
D)legal advice and therapy

Question 45

Which of the following would be considered an offense under the Canadian Criminal Code?

A)a 19-year-old assistant store manager having consensual sex with a 16-year-old worker
B)a 13-year-old girl and a 14-year-old boy having sex
C)two 16-year-old males having oral sex
D)two 13-year-old youths participating in oral sex

Question 46

In contrast to adult sexual assault, child sexual abuse

A)involves more force.
B)always involves penetration.
C)generally involves the use of restraints.
D)rarely involves the use of force.

Question 47

Research has found that women who experienced sexual coercion in their dating relationships were more likely to have

A)lower levels of self-esteem and sexual self-esteem.
B)higher levels of drug use.
C)many casual sexual partners.
D)a very limited number of sexual partners.

Question 48

Sean, age 18, has been charged with having sexual intercourse with a minor, age 13. Which of the following claims would help his defense under Canadian law?

A)"She said 'Yes' and initiated the sexual activity."
B)"I didn't know she was under age."
C)"A friend told me she was 18."
D)"When I asked her how old she was, she said '18' and even showed me her ID."

Question 49

Many fathers who commit incest with daughters see their daughters as

A)sexual objects.
B)wanting and willing to have sex.
C)a surrogate wife.
D)sexually passive.

Question 50

Which of the following is not a form of child sexual abuse?

A)sex play between children of similar ages
B)intimate kissing between an adult and a child under the age of consent
C)masturbating while a child under the age of consent watches
D)an adult fondling the genitals of a child who gives willing consent

Question 51

A clinical diagnosis of pedophilia is made when an individual

A)sexually assaults a prepubescent child.
B)is sexually attracted exclusively to children.
C)has a persistent or recurrent attraction to children.
D)acts on or is distressed by attraction to children.

Question 52

Sexual abuse of children by women might be underreported because women

A)are allowed a freer range of physical contact with children.
B)do not leave any physical evidence of abuse.
C)are treated more lightly by the justice system.
D)are more careful to cover up their abuse.

Question 53

In the vast majority of sexual abuse cases, the abuse occurs between a child and

A)a stranger who lures them into a car.
B)a parent.
C)relatives, family friends, or neighbours.
D)a stranger who lures them into his/her apartment or house.

Question 54

"Consanguineous" means

A)sexually inappropriate.
B)related by blood.
C)incestuous.
D)related by marriage.

Question 55

With regard to child sexual abuse in Canada, which of the following is true?

A)The majority of victims under the age of 18 were female.
B)Twenty-five percent of sexual assault victims were under the age of 18.
C)Boys over the age of 12 were more likely to be victims.
D)Statistics are unavailable due to laws protecting minors.

Question 56

Which statement is false with regards to verbal sexual coercion?

A)Verbal coercion is more common that physical coercion.
B)Both men and women use verbal coercion.
C)There is not clear definition of what constitutes verbal coercion.
D)Verbal coercion is rarely used in same-sex relationships.

Question 57

The least common type of incest is

A)father-daughter incest.
B)mother-son incest.
C)stepfather-stepdaughter incest.
D)sibling incest.

Question 58

The most common type of child sexual abuse involves

A)oral sex.
B)vaginal penetration.
C)genital fondling.
D)exhibitionism.

Question 59

A key component of the treatment process for sexual assault survivors is to help the survivor

A)mobilize support.
B)remember the details of the event.
C)forgive the assailant.
D)report the sexual assault to police.

Question 60

Ivy has recently broken up with her partner who was quite angry over her rejection of him. Last evening, he showed up at her door asking if they could at least talk about the breakup. What is the best advice for Ivy?

A)Call the police.
B)Let him in, but agree to a time limit.
C)Do not let him in if she feels he is likely to be aggressive.
D)Step outside to talk to him.

Question 61

Most women are sexually assaulted by men they know, not by strangers.

Question 62

In Canada, the number of sexual assaults reported to the police has been declining since 1993.

Question 63

Which statement regarding the effects of sexual abuse on children is false?

A)Survivors of sexual abuse might become prematurely sexually active.
B)Regressive behaviours are common among abused children.
C)Girls who have been abused tend to become physically aggressive, while boys become depressed and withdrawn.
D)Adolescent girls who have experienced abuse tend to have more psychological problems than girls who haven't been abused.

Question 64

In a study of Canadian students in grades 6 to 8, which of the following conclusions was found regarding sexual harassment?

A)Girls were more likely to be victims.
B)Boys and girls were equally likely to report victimization.
C)Girls were more likely to report perpetration.
D)Boys were more likely to be victims.

Question 65

Employers can be held responsible for their employees' harassing behaviour in the workplace if

A)the behaviour involves physical intimidation.
B)the behaviour causes the victim to leave their job.
C)employers were aware of the behaviour and did nothing to stop it.
D)the behaviour is reported to the police.

Question 66

Most men are sexually assaulted by men.

Question 67

One of the less common forms of sexual harassment is

A)staring.
B)making sexual jokes.
C)making threats.
D)making comments about women.

Question 68

Some Canadian communities have volunteer groups known as Circles of Support and Accountability (COSA)whose two goals are community protection and

A)offender rehabilitation.
B)offender tracking.
C)offender alert.
D)offender labelling.

Question 69

Marshall and colleagues have suggested a number of approaches to the treatment of sex offenders. Which approach is not one they recommend?

A)Having offenders take responsibility for their actions.
B)Teaching relationship skills.
C)Reconditioning strategies to enhance appropriate sexual interests and reduce deviant ones.
D)Having offenders register on a national sex offender registry and participate in a public notification system.

Question 70

Which of the following is not an example of sexual harassment?

A)asking a co-worker out on a date
B)leering at a co-worker's body
C)hanging nude pictures in your locker
D)telling sexual jokes

Question 71

Cases of acquaintance sexual assault are more likely to be reported to the police than cases of stranger assault.

Question 72

The prevalence of sexual assault in Canada is similar in all regions.

Question 73

The most common response of women who experience sexual harassment in the workforce is to

A)file a formal complaint.
B)take legal action against their harasser.
C)quit their job.
D)confront their harasser.

Question 74

In a suvey of Canadian women (1999)approximately how many reported having experienced harassment in the work place in the past year?

A)50-60%
B)60-70%
C)25-30%
D)10-20%

Question 75

Most sexual assaults in Canada are not reported to the police.

Question 76

Sexual harassment generally involves all of the following except

A)abuse of power.
B)sexual desire.
C)social control.
D)hostility towards women.

Question 77

Which of the following is true about sexual harassment in the workplace?

A)Employees cannot sue their employers for sexual harassment unless they can prove psychological harm.
B)An employee cannot charge an employer with sexual harassment unless he/she was demoted or deprived of a promotion for failure to comply with sexual requests.
C)Employers cannot be held responsible or sued for sexual harassment if the employee did not first file a complaint within the company.
D)Sexual harassment can include any behaviour of a sexual nature that creates a hostile, intimidating, or offensive environment.

Question 78

In a survey (2008)of Ontario high school students, approximately ______ reported that they had been subjected to sexual comments or gestures at school.

A)50%
B)25%
C)75%
D)15%

Question 79

High school boys were most upset by what type of sexual harassment?

A)being targets of sexual comments
B)postings on the internet
C)being targets of sexual rumours or graffiti
D)being treated as a sexual object

Question 80

Which statement is false with regards to sexual harassment?

A)Harassers are just as likely to be female as male.
B)Under Canadian law, sexual harassment is recognized as a form of sex discrimination.
C)Gay, lesbian, and bisexual youth are more likely to experience sexual harassment than heterosexual youth.
D)Women who experience sexual harassment in the workplace are unlikely to report the harassment.