Deck 3: Female and Male Anatomy and Physiology

Question 1

The labia minora

A)are insensitive to sexual stimulation.
B)join to form the prepuce.
C)are relatively uniform in size in all women.
D)Have few blood vessels.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

The clitoral shaft consists of erectile tissue that contains two spongy masses called

A)clitoral glans.
B)corpora cavernosa.
C)sphincters.
D)vestibular bulbs.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

In the clitoris, the corpus cavernosa

A)innervate the glans.
B)cover the tip of the glans.
C)engorge with blood.
D)resemble a button under the prepuce.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Douching and vaginal sprays

A)are recommended for proper hygiene.
B)are generally ineffective.
C)can restore the natural chemical balance in the vagina.
D)increase the risk of vaginal infection.

Question 5

The mons may serve to

A)provide heat to the pubic area.
B)cushion the pubic bone.
C)protect the genital area from infection.
D)produce vaginal secretions.

Question 6

What consists of the skin and the underlying tissue between the vaginal opening and the anus?

A)vestibular bulbs
B)perineum
C)crura
D)mons

Question 7

During sexual arousal, the vestibular bulbs:

A)contract the vaginal opening during orgasm.
B)secrete drops of fluid at the vaginal opening.
C)allow the pelvic floor muscles to contract.
D)congest with blood.

Question 8

The walls of the vagina are

A)relatively lacking in blood vessels and poorly supplied with nerve endings.
B)relatively lacking in blood vessels, but well supplied with nerve endings.
C)rich with blood vessels and well supplied with nerve endings.
D)rich with blood vessels, but poorly supplied with nerve endings.

Question 9

The form of genital cutting known as excision is the removal of the

A)clitoris, labia minora, and mons veneris.
B)clitoris, labia minora, and labia majora
C)labia minora, labia majora, and mons veneris
D)clitoris, labia majora, and mons veneris

Question 10

The labia majora

A)are the large fleshy folds of skin on each side of the vaginal opening.
B)come together to form the hood covering the clitoris.
C)are the thinner, inner folds of flesh just outside the vaginal opening.
D)have few nerve endings and are relatively insensitive to stimulation.

Question 11

Anal intercourse followed by vaginal intercourse may lead to

A)sphincters.
B)vestibular bulbs.
C)amenorrhea.
D)cystitis.

Question 12

The wing-shaped structures that attach the clitoris to the pubic bone are called

A)vestibular bulbs.
B)sphincters.
C)pubococcygea.
D)crura.

Question 13

The area within the labia minora that contains the opening to the vagina and the urethra is the

A)prepuce.
B)vestibule.
C)vulva.
D)introitus.

Question 14

Female genital mutilation/cutting in Canada

A)has not been dealt with by lawmakers.
B)is performed only if the family can prove it is part of their religious beliefs.
C)is illegal.
D)has the same legal ramifications as male circumcision.

Question 15

Occasionally a hymen is completely closed and fibrous. This type of hymen is called

A)an annular hymen.
B)a parous hymen.
C)an imperforate hymen.
D)a septate hymen.

Question 16

The vaginal opening is also known as the

A)introitus.
B)hymen.
C)urethra.
D)perineum.

Question 17

The clitoris and penis

A)develop from different embryonic tissues.
B)are homologous in structure.
C)are both involved in reproduction.
D)are analogous in function.

Question 18

Repeatedly contracting and relaxing the pubococcygeal muscle

A)helps women find their G spot.
B)is known as Kegel exercises.
C)can eventually damage the endometrium.
D)has been shown to weaken the hymen.

Question 19

The external sexual structures of the female are termed the

A)mons.
B)clitoris.
C)labia majora.
D)vulva.

Question 20

The hymen is

A)a ring-shaped muscle.
B)a fold of tissue across the vaginal opening.
C)a gland that lies just inside the minor lips.
D)the muscle that encircles the entrance to the vagina.

Question 21

A partial hysterectomy removes the

A)ovaries.
B)cervix.
C)uterus.
D)fallopian tubes.

Question 22

The nipple, which lies in the center of the ________, contains smooth muscle fibers that make the nipple become erect when they contract.

A)mammary glands
B)areola
C)milk ducts
D)labia

Question 23

The five year survival rate for women whose breast cancer has not spread beyond the breast is about:

A)28%.
B)48%.
C)68%.
D)98%.

Question 24

What is not true about the G-spot?

A)It's about 7 to 8 centimetres from the vaginal entrance on the anterior wall of the vagina.
B)It is usually about the size of a small pea.
C)It was named after Ernest Grafenberg.
D)Stimulation of the G-spot produces intense erotic sensations.

Question 25

In Canada, approximately ________ cases of ovarian cancer are reported each year.

A)2600
B)5300
C)7500
D)10000

Question 26

What percentage of women who get ovarian cancer survive with early detection (before it spreads beyond the ovary)?

A)18%
B)47%
C)63%
D)94%

Question 27

Estrogen is a general term for

A)the hormones that stimulate development of the uterine lining.
B)several hormones (i.e., estradiol, estriol, and estaone).
C)all female sex hormones.
D)all the hormones specifically produced by the ovaries.

Question 28

The lower end of the uterus is called the

A)vulva.
B)cervix.
C)crura.
D)perineum.

Question 29

In screening for cervical cancer, the Canadian Cancer Society recommends that

A)women have an annual Pap smear once they begin menstruating.
B)sexually active women have a Pap smear every six months.
C)women who are sexually active have a Pap smear every one to three years.
D)only sexually active women over the age of eighteen have a Pap smear annually.

Question 30

The layer of the uterus that is shed during menstruation is the

A)endometrium.
B)myometrium.
C)ectometrium.
D)perimetrium.

Question 31

How many of the 2 million ova that a female is born with survive into puberty?

A)100,000
B)400,000
C)almost a million
D)almost all 2 million

Question 32

Which of the following statements is true regarding ova?

A)Women begin making ova at puberty.
B)The human female is born with all the ova she will ever have.
C)Women produce ova throughout the life span.
D)At menopause, women stop producing ova.

Question 33

The Canadian Cancer Society recommends which of the following screening practices to detect breast cancer?

A)a mammogram every two years for women between ages 50-69
B)A mammogram every year for women over age 25
C)a Pap test every year for women ages 40-69
D)A Pap test every two years for women over age 30

Question 34

Endometriosis is a condition in which

A)the endometrium deteriorates.
B)endometrial tissue grows outside of the uterus.
C)the endometrium becomes infected.
D)the endometrium fails to engorge with blood.

Question 35

The most common sign of early stage ovarian cancer is

A)irregular bleeding.
B)severe pain in the abdomen.
C)enlargement of the abdomen.
D)excessive urination.

Question 36

The incidence of cervical cancer has declined dramatically in Canada since the early 1970s. This is largely due to

A)increased use of condoms.
B)development of blood test to determine presence of precancerous cells.
C)women having regular Pap tests.
D)increased use of oral contraception.

Question 37

What percentage of women have a retroverted uterus?

A)73%
B)49%
C)28%
D)10%

Question 38

The greatest risk factor for cervical cancer is

A)repeated bacterial infections of the cervix.
B)repeated genital chlamydia infection.
C)human papillomavirus infection.
D)herpes simplex virus infection.

Question 39

The G-spot is believed to be

A)deep within the vagina on the posterior wall.
B)on the anterior wall of the vagina.
C)near the cervix on the posterior wall of the vagina.
D)about 5-6 inches from the vaginal entrance on the anterior wall of the vagina.

Question 40

The size of female breasts is related to

A)the amount of fatty tissue.
B)the number of milk ducts.
C)the amount of glandular tissue.
D)the number of mammary glands.

Question 41

The corpora cavernosa

A)separate the glans from the shaft of the penis.
B)are cylinders of spongy tissue that lie side by side in the penis.
C)are thin strips of tissue on the underside of the penis.
D)are the muscles that regulate the position of the testes.

Question 42

What is another name for the secretory phase of the menstrual cycle?

A)luteinizing hormone phase
B)oxytocin phase
C)luteal phase
D)slippery phase

Question 43

Menstruation tends to follow ovulation by about how many days?

A)7
B)14
C)21
D)30

Question 44

The spongy body that runs along the bottom or ventral surface of the penis is the

A)corpus spongiosum.
B)urethral meatus.
C)corpora cavernosa.
D)corona.

Question 45

The sensitive strip of tissue that connects the underside of the penile glans to the shaft is called the

A)frenulum.
B)vas deferens.
C)urethral meatus.
D)corona.

Question 46

The corpus luteum

A)is another name for the graafian follicle.
B)secretes estrogen and progesterone.
C)secretes follicle stimulating hormone.
D)is a thin capsule containing an ovum.

Question 47

Research evidence suggests that women might experience a peak in sexual desire

A)around the time of ovulation.
B)two weeks prior to ovulation.
C)about 10 days after ovulation.
D)just before menstruation.

Question 48

Pain or discomfort during menstruation is known as

A)amenorrhea.
B)secondary amenorrhea.
C)proliferative menstrual symptomology.
D)dysmenorrhea.

Question 49

A woman who has never menstruated is experiencing

A)dysmenorrhea.
B)amenorrhea.
C)secondary dysmenorrhea.
D)primary amenorrhea.

Question 50

The proliferative phase is also known as the

A)menstrual phase.
B)follicular phase.
C)ovulatory phase.
D)secretory phase.

Question 51

The percentage of women who experience some level of discomfort prior to or during menstruation is

A)0-25%.
B)25-50%.
C)50-75%.
D)75-100%.

Question 52

A deficit in estrogen might lead to all the following except

A)night sweats.
B)swelling of breast tissue.
C)hot flashes.
D)dizziness.

Question 53

Perimenopause refers to the

A)lack of signs of menopause.
B)entire menopausal period.
C)beginning of menopause.
D)end of menopause.

Question 54

The hypothalamus works in coordination with the _______ to control hormone production.

A)pituitary gland
B)adrenal gland
C)graafian follicle
D)temporal lobes

Question 55

Which of the following is true about the foreskin?

A)It is the part of the penis that remains after circumcision.
B)It covers at least part of the penile glans.
C)It is fixed to the penile shaft just behind the glans.
D)It is attached to the scrotum.

Question 56

A key risk factor for the development of breast cancer is

A)early menopause.
B)prolonged exposure to estrogen.
C)late onset of menstruation.
D)birthing a child prior to age twenty-five.

Question 57

The first phase of the menstrual cycle is the

A)proliferative phase.
B)ovulatory phase.
C)luteal or secretory phase.
D)menstrual phase.

Question 58

Which of the following most accurately describes the impact of menopause on female sexuality?

A)The lack of estrogen causing vaginal dryness cannot be sufficiently addressed to make intercourse comfortable.
B)Most women lose all interest in sex after menopause.
C)Many women continue to have active and pleasurable sex lives after menopause.
D)After menopause, women who want to restore their sex drive to premenopausal levels typically require selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors.

Question 59

Menopause occurs most commonly between the ages of

A)forty and forty-five.
B)forty-six and fifty.
C)fifty-one and fifty-five.
D)fifty-six and sixty.

Question 60

One of the functions of progesterone is to

A)promote ovulation.
B)mature one ovum.
C)thicken the endometrium.
D)mature the corpus luteum.

Question 61

In the locker room at the local YMCA, John has noticed that his penis is smaller compared to many other men's. What should John know?

A)There are medications available that have been proven to increase penis size.
B)He may have lower levels of circulating testosterone.
C)There is little relationship between flaccid and erect penis size.
D)Men with smaller penises are less likely to suffer from erectile dysfunction.

Question 62

Surgical sterilization of males involves

A)cutting the seminiferous tubules.
B)tying off the ejaculatory ducts.
C)tying off the epididymus.
D)cutting the vas deferens.

Question 63

In Canada today, what percentage of male babies are circumcised?

A)7%
B)17%
C)27%
D)37%

Question 64

The average erect penis is about

A)10-12 centimetres in length.
B)14-16 centimetres in length.
C)18-20 centimetres inches in length.
D)22-24 centimetres inches in length.

Question 65

Male circumcision began among the Jews as a

A)means to increase sexual pleasure.
B)way to improve health.
C)religious rite.
D)means to decrease the spread of sexually transmitted diseases.

Question 66

When Andre jumps into the cold swimming pool, his testicles seem to move up and closer to his body. Why?

A)His vas deferens muscle is contracting in response to the cold.
B)His cremaster and dartos muscles are contracting to keep his sperm warm.
C)His spermatic cord is relaxing in order to keep his sperm warm.
D)His dartos muscle is contracting in order to cool his sperm.

Question 67

Circumcision is a surgical procedure involving removal of the

A)urethral meatus.
B)glans.
C)corona.
D)foreskin.

Question 68

Research conducted in Africa found that higher rates of male circumcision were associated with

A)increased rates of syphilis.
B)decreased rates of syphilis.
C)increased rates of HIV.
D)decreased rates of HIV.

Question 69

When blood levels of testosterone rise,

A)the pituitary gland secretes anti-testosterone.
B)the hypothalamus secretes estrogen.
C)the endocrine system regulates with a feedback loop.
D)the hypothalamus stops secreting everything.

Question 70

The condition in which the foreskin does not retract from the glans is called

A)phimosis.
B)urethritus.
C)cremasteritus.
D)frenulitus.

Question 71

Spermatogenesis takes place in the

A)Leydig cells.
B)seminiferous tubules.
C)epididymus.
D)vas deferens.

Question 72

In the scrotum, each testis is held in place by a(n)

A)spermatic cord.
B)dartos muscle.
C)vas deferens.
D)interstitial cell.

Question 73

Compared to the female sex hormones, testosterone levels in males

A)peak just prior to ejaculation.
B)remain relatively stable.
C)also vary depending on the time of day and time of month.
D)are not regulated by the hypothalamus.

Question 74

What determines the sex of the fertilized ovum?

A)follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)
B)the ovum itself
C)luteinizing hormone (LH)
D)the sex chromosome present in the sperm

Question 75

The main function of the epididymis is

A)to manufacture sperm.
B)to release testosterone.
C)to house mature sperm.
D)to provide passage out of the body.

Question 76

How long does it take for a testis to develop a mature sperm?

A)72 hours
B)2 weeks
C)4 days
D)72 days

Question 77

The epididymus empties into the

A)urethra.
B)testes.
C)vas deferens.
D)prostate gland.

Question 78

Testosterone is secreted by the

A)testes.
B)prostate.
C)urethra.
D)Cowper's glands.

Question 79

In hot weather, men could expect the scrotum to

A)be more wrinkled in appearance and closer to the body.
B)be smoother in appearance and closer to the body.
C)be more wrinkled in appearance and farther from the body.
D)be smoother in appearance and farther from the body.

Question 80

What happens during fertilization?

A)46 chromosomes from the sperm combine with 46 chromosomes from the egg.
B)23 chromosomes from the sperm combine with 23 chromosomes from the egg.
C)46 genes from the sperm combine with 46 genes from the egg.
D)23 genes from the sperm combine with 23 genes from the egg.