Question 1

A 40-year-old female developed adenocarcinoma of the vagina.Which prenatal event is the most likely cause of her cancer?&#10;A) Rb gene mutation&#10;B) Exposure to diethylstilbestrol (DES)&#10;C) Exposure to solvents&#10;D) Exposure to radiation

Accepted Answer

Exposure to diethylstilbestrol (DES) during pregnancy is associated with an increased risk of clear cell adenocarcinoma of the vagina in female offspring.

Question 2

The nurse explains to a parent that young children diagnosed with Down syndrome are at higher risk for developing:&#10;A) nephroblastoma.&#10;B) rhabdomyosarcoma.&#10;C) leukemia.&#10;D) retinoblastoma.

Accepted Answer

Children with Down syndrome have an increased risk of developing leukemia compared to the general population.

Question 3

A 3-year-old female was diagnosed with Wilms tumor.This disease is a tumor of the:&#10;A) kidney.&#10;B) brain.&#10;C) bone marrow.&#10;D) liver.

Accepted Answer

Wilms tumor is a type of kidney cancer that primarily affects children.

Question 4

The most common type of tissue cancer occurring between ages 15 and 19 is:&#10;A) sarcoma.&#10;B) squamous cell.&#10;C) carcinoma.&#10;D) neuroma.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The most common type of tissue cancer...

Question 5

Which characterizes an embryonic cancer tumor?&#10;A) Commonly occurring&#10;B) Often seen in adults&#10;C) Composed of mature, differentiated cells&#10;D) Usually manifested around age 5

Accepted Answer

Embryonic cancer tumors, such as neuroblastoma or Wilms' tumor, typically manifest in young children, often around age 5 or younger.

Question 6

A nurse is preparing to teach the most common malignancy in children.Which malignancy should the nurse discuss?&#10;A) Leukemia&#10;B) Neuroblastoma&#10;C) Wilms tumor&#10;D) Retinoblastoma

Accepted Answer

Leukemia is the most common malignancy in children, accounting for about one-third of all pediatric cancers.

Question 7

A 16 year old with aspirations of becoming a bodybuilder spends 3 hours a day in the gym.Five years later, a hepatocellular carcinoma is discovered.Which of the following is the most likely cause of the cancer?

A) Immunosuppressive agents
B) Cytotoxic agents
C) Anabolic steroids
D) A viral infection

Accepted Answer

Anabolic steroids, often used by bodybuilders to enhance muscle growth, have been associated with an increased risk of liver tumors, including hepatocellular carcinoma.

Question 8

What event occurs in about 70% of the cases of childhood cancers?&#10;A) Cured.&#10;B) Required only chemotherapy.&#10;C) Participated in clinical trails.&#10;D) Developed a secondary malignancy.

Accepted Answer

About 70% of childhood cancer cases are cured, thanks to advances in treatment and early detection.

Question 9

What is the origin of most childhood cancers?&#10;A) Placenta&#10;B) Environment&#10;C) Mesodermal germ layer&#10;D) Neural tube

Accepted Answer

Most childhood cancers originate from the mesodermal germ layer, which gives rise to tissues such as bone, muscle, and blood, where many pediatric cancers develop.

Question 10

When an aide asks why carcinomas rarely occur in childhood, how should the nurse respond? (Select all that apply.)&#10;A) Carcinomas cannot develop in an immunosuppressed environment.&#10;B) Carcinomas need a long time from exposure to occurrence.&#10;C) Carcinomas are due to environmental exposures.&#10;D) Carcinomas occur primarily in secondary sexual organs.&#10;E) Carcinomas are mesodermal.

Accepted Answer

Carcinomas typically require prolonged exposure to carcinogens, which is less likely in children. They are also often linked to environmental factors, which children have had less time to be exposed to.

Deck 13: Cancer in Children and Adolescents