Deck 11: Biology of Cancer

Question 1

A patient asks when adjuvant chemotherapy is used.How should the nurse respond? Adjuvant chemotherapy treatment is used:

A) as the primary treatment.
B) before radiation therapy.
C) after surgical removal of a tumor.
D) in cancer with little risk of metastasis.

Answer 1

after surgical removal of a tumor.

Question 2

A 25-year-old male develops a tumor of the breast glandular tissue.What type of tumor will be documented on the chart?

A) Carcinoma
B) Adenocarcinoma
C) Sarcoma
D) Lymphoma

Answer 2

Adenocarcinoma

Question 3

A primary care provider is attempting to diagnose cancer and is looking for a tumor marker.Which of the following could be a possible marker?

A) Red blood cells
B) Apoptotic cells
C) Enzymes
D) Neurotransmitters

Answer 3

Enzymes

Question 4

A 30-year-old male with HIV is diagnosed with Epstein-Barr virus.After 2 months, the virus is still active.Based upon the Epstein-Barr virus, which of the following cancers is most likely to develop in this patient?

A) B-cell lymphoma
B) Kaposi sarcoma
C) T-cell leukemia
D) T-cell lipoma

Question 5

A patient has a tissue growth that was diagnosed as cancer.Which of the following terms best describes this growth?

A) Malignant tumor
B) Lipoma
C) Meningioma
D) Hypertrophy

Question 6

Which information should the nurse include when teaching about angiogenic factors? In cancer, angiogenic factors stimulate:

A) release of growth factors.
B) tumor regression.
C) apoptosis.
D) new blood vessel growth.

Question 7

A nurse is discussing preinvasive epithelial tumors of glandular or squamous cell origin.What is the nurse describing?

A) Tumor in differentiation
B) Dysplastic
C) Cancer in situ
D) Cancer beyond (meta) situ

Question 8

A nurse is giving an example of inflammation as an etiology for cancer development.What is the best example the nurse should give?

A) Pneumonia and lung cancer
B) Ulcerative colitis and colon cancer
C) Prostatic hypertrophy and prostate cancer
D) Hypercholesterolemia and leukemia

Question 9

Which statement indicates the patient has a correct understanding of metastasis? The most common route of metastasis is through the blood vessels and:

A) lung tissue.
B) body cavities.
C) lymphatics.
D) connective tissues.

Question 10

Which genetic change causes alterations in only one or a few nucleotide bases?

A) Insertions
B) Deletions
C) Point mutations
D) Amplification mutations

Question 11

An oncologist is discussing when a cancer cell loses differentiation.Which of the following is the oncologist describing?

A) Autonomy
B) Anaplasia
C) Pleomorphic
D) Metastasis

Question 12

A 45-year-old female was recently diagnosed with cervical cancer.Which of the following is the most likely cause of her cancer?

A) Herpes virus
B) Rubella virus
C) Human papillomavirus (HPV)
D) Hepatitis B virus

Question 13

Brachytherapy is being used to treat cancer in a patient.What types of cancers respond well to brachytherapy? (Select all that apply.)

A) Prostate
B) Cervix
C) Head
D) Neck
E) Lung

Question 14

A 52-year-old male with hepatitis C recently developed hepatic cancer.Which of the following markers should be increased?

A) Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP)
B) Catecholamines
C) Prostate-specific antigen
D) Homovanillic acid

Question 15

Which information indicates a nurse understands characteristics of malignant tumors?

A) Grows slowly.
B) Has a well-defined capsule.
C) Cells vary in size and shape.
D) Is well differentiated.

Question 16

Which of the following indicates a nurse understands a proto-oncogene? A proto-oncogene is best defined as a(n) _____ gene.

A) normal
B) altered
C) inactive
D) tumor-suppressor

Question 17

A 45-year-old male presents with persistent, severe stomach pain.Testing reveals a peptic ulcer.Further laboratory tests reveal the presence of Helicobacter pylori.Which of the following is of concern for this patient?

A) Gastric cancer
B) Leukemia
C) Lung cancer
D) Adenocarcinoma of the colon

Question 18

What is the effect of telomere caps on cancer cells?

A) Repeated divisions
B) Clonal distinction
C) Limited mitosis
D) Mutation abilities