Deck 11: Behaviorism and Psychoanalysis in the Mid-20th Century: Theoretical and Applied P

Question 1

Psychologist Edward Tolman won a legal case in the California Supreme Court.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

In Anna Freud's system, specific unconscious structures that enable an individual to avoid awareness of anxiety-arousing issues are called:

A) defense mechanisms
B) unconscious thresholds
C) unconscious barriers
D) death instinct
E) shame and guilt

Answer 2

defense mechanisms

Question 3

In the Holt's system, the response reaction that has something to do with the meaning of the situation, that is the way an animal or human interprets the situation, is called:

A) simple reaction
B) complex reaction
C) molar response
D) new reflex
E) Holt answer

Answer 3

molar response

Question 4

In the Sullivan's system, various types of awareness related to self seen from different angles are called:

A) id, ego, and super-ego
B) self, us, and them
C) positive, negative, and neutral self
D) bad-me, good-me, and not-me
E) conscious, unconscious, and lying self

Question 5

As Watson before him, Skinner included the subjective mental element from his investigation.

Question 6

Basic anxiety is, in Karen Horney's system, feelings of loneliness, hopelessness, and counter-hostility (emotional responses to hostile situations).

Question 7

In Germany, after the Nazi power came to power, psychoanalysis was prohibited as a "Jewish" science, and most therapists were forced to immigrate.

Question 8

The field examining psychological factors in politics and political behavior is called:

A) political psychology
B) peace psychology
C) political socialization
D) government sociology
E) political science

Question 9

The biggest Skinner's hit was the other book, Beyond Freedom and Dignity. It was featured in Time magazine.

Question 10

Skinner's early major work, The Behavior of Organisms (1938), received a largely unenthusiastic review from American psychologists.

Question 11

According to Skinner, conditions involving different rates and times of reinforcement are called:

A) positive conditions
B) unconscious reinforcement
C) learning curves
D) schedules of reinforcement
E) second chance

Question 12

A branch of psychoanalysis focusing on a wide variety of facts related to a person's interaction with the social environment.

A) ego psychology
B) new psychoanalysis
C) interactive psychoanalysis
D) social psychology
E) environmental psychoanalysis

Question 13

Purposive behaviorism in the Tolman's system, a type of behaviorism involving the idea of purpose or goal, was also called:

A) classical conditioning
B) operational behaviorism
C) simple behaviorism
D) advanced behaviorism
E) positive behaviorism

Question 14

Karl Lashley's experiments revealed that if certain parts of the brain are damaged, other parts never take on the role of the damaged regions.

Question 15

In Murray's system, stories or interpretations projecting fantasy imagery onto an objective stimulus are called:

A) castle in the sky
B) delusions
C) creative dreams
D) mental cinema
E) themas

Question 16

In Skinner's experiments, the animals had enough freedom to move within the box, which was a condition more "natural" to them.

Question 17

In the Tolman's system, internal processing by which an individual can code, store, recall, and decode information about particular elements of this person's experience.

A) mental reflex
B) positive reflex
C) behavioral map
D) cognitive map
E) navigation system

Question 18

According to Skinner, psychologists have no right to influence people's lives in attempts to make them better.

Question 19

In the Skinner's system, this is conditioning based on activities producing effects:

A) natural reflex
B) language
C) operant conditioning
D) ineffective conditioning
E) productivity

Question 20

The history of the Aircrib shows that the researchers' great reputation is always a guarantee for the market success of their ideas.

Question 21

One of Murray's major contributions to psychology was TAT or:

A) Test-Analysis -Test method
B) Total Algorithm for Thinking
C) Thinking Artificial Training
D) Thematic Apperception Test
E) Test on Analysis and Thinking

Question 22

Edward Tolman suggested an expansion of the traditional S →R (stimulus-reaction) model and added S→O→R, in which "O" stood for:

Question 23

Erik Erikson theorized that all people pass through eight developmental stages that stretch from birth to death. In each stage, the ego:

A) meets with "egos" of other people
B) faces a crisis
C) finds a chance to grow
D) disappears
E) splits into several egos

Question 24

Anna Freud's most influential book was The Ego and the Mechanisms of Defense.

Question 25

According to Anna Freud, the defense of the ego is launched automatically and:

A) remains conscious
B) remains mostly unconscious
C) stays for about 5 minutes
D) becomes a source of mental illness
E) goes away at night

Question 26

B.F. Skinner claimed that the alleged freedom that Americans thought they possessed was merely a set of conditioned reactions called:

A) happiness
B) democracy
C) a way of life
D) consumerism
E) education

Question 27

According to Jacques Lacan, early in life, we learn how to desire things not because we need them but rather because:

A) other people need them
B) we can have them easily
C) we cannot have them easily
D) we need others to envy us
E) we want to harm other people

Question 28

Because of their belief in the possibility to improve humanity through social changes, both psychoanalysis and behaviorism shared similar:

A) progressive ideas
B) experimental principles
C) journals for publications
D) private funding
E) views of the nature of human experience

Question 29

Skinner designed and built various learning machines based on the concept of positive reinforcement. His inventions were generally:

A) sophisticated computers
B) cellular phones connected together
C) paper-and-pencil tests
D) specially designed video games
E) card-and-plastic devices

Question 30

Karen Horney rejected the view that the source of female unconscious conflicts is rooted in the woman's:

A) aggressive impulses
B) envy
C) sense of inferiority
D) desire to dominate
E) desire to be better than others

Question 31

Two major interests or factors influenced B.F.Skinner's future research orientation. One was behaviorism. The other influence was his:

A) musical talents
B) legal background
C) exceptional craftsmanship skills
D) ability to work without sleep
E) knowledge of Indian philosophy

Question 32

Erikson's theory has obvious strengths from a cross-cultural viewpoint.

Question 33

B.F. Skinner did not like the term "Skinner box" given to his experimental devices; he preferred to use another term, which was:

A) Skinner shrine
B) experimental space
C) Aircrib
D) Skinner Walden
E) puzzle box

Question 34

Clark Hull tried to reduce practically every aspect of human existence to:

A) struggle for survival
B) hunger
C) sex drive
D) mechanical, physical terms
E) spiritual terms

Question 35

In the 1920s and 1930s rats were considered "model animals". Why?

Question 36

One of Skinner's experiments examined the formation of superstition in one of his favorite experimental animals:

A) fish
B) foxes
C) pigeons
D) frogs
E) cats

Question 37

B.F. Skinner conducted a government-sponsored psychological study of Adolph Hitler

Question 38

Psychoanalysis earned a reputation as a theory and method valid primarily within the Western culture.

Question 39

Who introduced the cognitive map concept?

A) Skinner
B) Murray
C) Fromm
D) Holt
E) Tolman

Question 40

Mary Cover Jones (1897-1987) became known for her research of conditioning related to:

A) monkeys
B) air force pilots
C) mechanical engineers
D) feeding habits of rabbits
E) treatment of fear in infants

Question 41

According to Erich Fromm, many people cannot embrace their freedom because they:

Question 42

How did psychoanalysts make their money in the 1920s? Where did the money come from?

Question 43

While most social scientists in the 1940s were looking into social and political causes of gender inequality, Deutsch emphasized:

Question 44

Find similarities between theories of Skinner and Erikson.

Question 45

What was the main idea of the book, Escape From Freedom?

Question 46

How did psychoanalysts of the 1930s and 1940s develop the ideas of Sigmund Freud?

Question 47

What was the main idea of the book Beyond Freedom and Dignity?

Question 48

One of the key points of the story in Walden Two by B.F. Skinner is that this community uses key principles of:

Question 49

Karen Horney viewed neurosis as a:

Question 50

How did Tolman modify the traditional behaviorist formula stimulus-reaction?

Question 51

Explain defense mechanisms by suggesting contemporary examples.

Question 52

Erik Erikson developed psychoanalysis by including his explorations of:

Question 53

Behaviorism and psychoanalysis were based on scientific determinism, which is:

Question 54

Why was the Skinner's Aircrib project unsuccessful?