Deck 7: The Birth and Development of the Behaviorist Tradition

Question 1

In Bekhterev's theory, the study of the emergence, development, and behavior of groups that display their collective activity in unity is called:

A) sociology of reflexes
B) social behaviorism
C) collective behaviorism
D) collective reflexology
E) mob behavior

Answer 1

collective reflexology

Question 2

In Pavlov's theory, the reflexes that appear only under certain conditions are called:

A) certain reflexes
B) appearing reflexes
C) conditioned reflexes
D) innate reflexes
E) memorized reflexes

Answer 2

conditioned reflexes

Question 3

of the nervous system, according to Pavlov, refers to equilibrium between excitement and inhibition within the nervous system.

A) stability
B) inertia
C) balance
D) quality
E) strength

Answer 3

balance

Question 4

Jacques Loeb believed that consciousness was little more than the ability of an organism to gain behavioral options as a result of experience.

Question 5

Among the founding principles of behaviorism, in Watson's theory, are stimulus and response, habit formation, and .

A) habit extinction
B) reflex
C) reaction
D) reflex memorization
E) habit integration

Question 6

Parsimony is the scientific principle standing for the necessity to seek the simplest explanations available to explain complex phenomena.

Question 7

is the process of coinfluence between excitement and inhibition according to Pavlov.

A) induction
B) stress
C) neurosis
D) low reflex
E) high reflex

Question 8

Second signaling system, according to Pavlov is religion.

Question 9

Bekhterev was a founder of the first Russian experimental psychological laboratory in 1886.

Question 10

of the nervous system, according to Pavlov, is a reflection of the functional ability of the neurons to maintain the state of activation or excitement without developing self-protecting inhibition.

A) agility
B) flexibility
C) adaptation
D) strength
E) resistance

Question 11

Tropism is a physical reaction of orientation of the individual in a large social group.

Question 12

Reflexology is the name of Pavlov's theory, the central concepts of which were reflex and adaptation.

Question 13

One of Watson's first research projects was a study of mental patients.

Question 14

is a concept in Thorndike's theory to describe the dynamic of learning a habit. It also indicates the connection between learning and the time it takes to learn.

A) learning ability
B) habit ability
C) learning curve
D) reflex timing correlation
E) conditioned habit

Question 15

In 1915, Watson reported to the APA about two Russian scientists, Bekhterev and Pavlov, who had developed new methods and theories to study behavior.

Question 16

In 1915, Watson unexpectedly became president of the American Psychological Association.

Question 17

A type of description or scientific approach to portray animal behavior in human terms is called:

A) anthropomorphism
B) anthropology
C) animal thought
D) pop psychology
E) comparative psychology

Question 18

Unconditioned reflexes-in Pavlov's theory, the reflexes associated with the direct influence of a substance on the receptors within the mouth.

Question 19

of the nervous system, in Pavlov's theory, refers to the quickness of the activation of excitement or the quickness of change between the two states of inhibition and excitement.

A) strength
B) agility
C) speed
D) power
E) balance

Question 20

is the term in Pavlov's theory to describe physiological activities of the brain's cortex; Pavlov commonly called it behavior.

A) top reflexes
B) highest reflexes
C) highest nervous activity
D) conditioned nervous responses
E) social instincts

Question 21

Watson never published in popular magazines.

Question 22

Thorndike introduced a new experimental method labeled:

A) the labyrinth
B) the paradox
C) the Thorndike box
D) the puzzle box
E) the Thorndike maze

Question 23

Who proposed that the principles of excitement and inhibition could explain the complex functioning of the nervous system?

A) Watson
B) Pavlov
C) Thorndike
D) Morgan
E) Bekhterev

Question 24

Watson believed that the causes of both mental illness and deviance were in:

A) heredity
B) poverty
C) maladaptive habits
D) stressful environment
E) strict laws

Question 25

Pavlov initially called conditioned reflexes, which he created experimentally:

A) "liquid thoughts"
B) "psychic secretion"
C) "liquid memories"
D) "liquid conditioner"
E) "shampoo and conditioner"

Question 26

John Watson, as did many psychologists of his time, divided emotions into three categories:

A) joy, sadness, and surprise
B) love, fear, and rage
C) shyness, anger, and fear
D) fear, anger, and disgust
E) disgust, sadness, and shyness

Question 27

Lewis Henry Morgan argued that animals possess many mental abilities, such as:

Question 28

What was Watson's view of introspection?

A) he ruled it out, rejected
B) he accepted it to study himself
C) accepted to study children only
D) accepted to study animals only
E) accepted to study mental illness

Question 29

Morgan and Romanes were supporters of the approach to comparative psychology.

A) anthropomorphic
B) medical
C) structural
D) experimental
E) survey-based

Question 30

As a psychologist, John Watson refused to conduct research for advertisement companies.

Question 31

By using live animals, this scientist was able to show, without the destruction of the live tissue, how the digestive system works.

A) Morgan
B) Thorndike
C) Pavlov
D) Watson
E) Angell

Question 32

Many researchers studying animals believed in a principle of continuity/. What was this principle?

Question 33

The process of thinking, according to Bekhterev, is:

A) a simple collective reflex
B) an inborn reaction
C) a memory storage used for practical purposes
D) an imageless thought
E) inhibited speech reflexes

Question 34

Unlike most psychologists using the term "psychological associations", Pavlov used the term:

A) chemical associations
B) human associations
C) physiological associations
D) physical contacts
E) chains

Question 35

George J. Romanes (1848-1894) was a British physiologist who introduced the term:

A) behaviorism
B) comparative psychology
C) animal consciousness
D) animal society
E) child psychology

Question 36

In a way, Thorndike's strategy resembled somewhat the logic of Titchener, which called for the study of mental elements. However, the difference between Titchener and Thorndike was obvious. What was it?

Question 37

Thorndike believed that a true psychologist must know:

A) medicine
B) chemistry
C) principles of engineering
D) methods of logic
E) mathematical methods

Question 38

Who wrote Psychology From a Standpoint of a Behaviorist?

A) Ivan Pavlov
B) Edward Thorndike
C) John Watson
D) Vladimir Bekhterev
E) William James

Question 39

C. L. Morgan attempted to describe the most complex animal behavior as:

Question 40

Bekhterev believed that he could explain all psychological processes as transformations of:

A) images
B) associations
C) energy
D) complex mental states
E) mental elements

Question 41

Why would the Little Albert experiment be viewed as unethical today?

Question 42

How did Bekhterev understand immortality? Do you accept or not his arguments about immortality and why?

Question 43

Describe Pavlov's characteristics of the nervous system.

Question 44

Pavlov showed experimentally that dogs have very poor color vision. How did he show this?

Question 45

Why was Watson's behaviorism popular?

Question 46

A new or unusual signal may disrupt the formation of a conditioned reflex. Pavlov called them informally:

Question 47

Describe Pavlov's four characteristics of the nervous system. How did he connect these types to behavior?

Question 48

Who was Little Albert and why is the study in which he was involved important for psychology as a discipline?

Question 49

How do animals and humans learn according to Thorndike?

Question 50

What was the puzzle box, and how did it work?

Question 51

Describe Watson's "paradoxes". Do you as a person have "paradoxes"? Describe and discuss them.

Question 52

One of the characteristics of mental illness, according to Pavlov, was the:

Question 53

Describe Pavlov's term "lock" referring to the brain. Explain certain types of behavior using this term.

Question 54

Bekhterev published a series of works on suggestion, hypnosis, and telepathy. He viewed these phenomena as caused by:

Question 55

Who was Little Albert?