Deck 11: Work and Its Rewards

Question 1

All of the workers employed in the "underground economy" are engaged in illicit activities

Answer 1

False

Question 2

Workers under the age of 25 are disproportionately represented among the ranks of part-time workers

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Training programs are most effective when they are kept separate from actual jobs

Answer 3

False

Question 4

One criticism for using Maslow's hierarchy of human needs to explain how work affects the human psyche is that it:

A) Detaches psychological states from their social context, and does not recognize the external influences on achieving self-actualization.
B) Is not universally relevant because not all societies emphasize individualism or personal growth, and some societies consider affiliation with other people more important than individual achievement or fulfillment.
C) Not everyone realizes their full potential through their jobs
D) All of the above.

Question 5

The "Hawthorne effect" refers to the tendency for workers to improve their performance when they are

A) Paid according to a piece-rate schedule
B) Receive a salary rather than a wage
C) Being observed
D) A and C only

Question 6

The U.S. Department of Labor refers to temporary workers as "____________ workers".

A) Contingent
B) Substitute
C) Reserve
D) Proxy

Question 7

A psychological and/or physical breakdown that prevents workers from effectively doing their jobs is _____________.

A) Anxiety
B) Stress
C) Blackout
D) Burnout

Question 8

An example of informal job training is:

A) Reading relevant books and other informational guides
B) Making mistakes and learning from them
C) Observing the actions of co-workers
D) All of the above

Question 9

The "instinct of workmanship" was introduced by:

A) Karl Mark
B) Max Weber
C) C. Wright Mills
D) Thorstein Veblen

Question 10

As officially defined, the labor force includes

A) "Discouraged workers"
B) Employees working 15 hours per week
C) Prisoners, so long as they have a job in prison
D) Unemployed individuals who have answered a "help wanted" ad during in the last 10 weeks
E) All of the above

Question 11

Official employment statistics may be skewed because:

A) There are too many job changes in certain industries.
B) Such statistics do not make a distinction between workers who were employed for the entire year, and workers who were employed or unemployed only at the time of the survey.
C) Workers who are employed in the "underground economy" are not counted .
D) B and C only

Question 12

In recent years, periods of prolonged unemployment have been longer than at any time since the 1930s.

Question 13

Forming friendships at work may be difficult when:

A) Workers are preoccupied with their work
B) Most of the workers are of the same sex
C) Workers are separated from each other by physical barriers or hierarchical divisions
D) Workers are not able to bond due to a lack of competition with other organizations

Question 14

Income differentials tend to narrow at times of low unemployment.

Question 15

In cases of sexual harassment, quid pro quo refers to the sexual harassment of employees where a sexual relationship is demanded in return for a work-related benefit such as a promotion.

Question 16

Which of the following is included in tabulations of Gross National Income?

A) Doing volunteer work in a homeless shelter
B) Washing a neighbor's car in return for his help in moving some furniture
C) Serving as an unpaid Little League coach
D) Performing household chores while a spouse is at work
E) None of the above True/False Questions

Question 17

At the height of the Great Recession, the official unemployment rate stood at

A) 5.2 percent
B) 18 percent
C) 9.6 percent
D) 12.8 percent

Question 18

Many workers retire because:

A) Their Social Security payments are greater than their monthly wage or salary
B) They have reached the age of mandatory retirement
C) Employers think they are less productive than younger workers, and find ways to ease them out of their jobs
D) A and C only

Question 19

The United States leads the world in on-the-job training.

Question 20

Part-time work may be appealing to some workers because:

A) All of the extra earnings from full-time work would be absorbed by higher taxes
B) They do not want to become "workaholics"
C) They are able to have more time for hobbies or other leisure activities
D) They do not want to have to pay for the education required for full-time jobs

Question 21

Unemployed workers are no more likely to commit violent acts within their families than individuals with jobs.

Question 22

Almost all formal and informal job training occurs in a school environment

Question 23

What has Maslow contributed to our understanding of the relationship between work and
its effects on the human psyche?

Question 24

Differences in work schedules have little effect on the formation of friendships.

Question 25

In 1927, why did the management at Western Electric's Hawthorne assembly plant invite Harvard scholars to study the manufacturing process? What was the most important outcome of these studies?

Question 26

What has been the purpose of government retraining programs? To what extent have these programs met expectations? Why?

Question 27

The Hawthorne Studies were the beginning of the Scientific Management approach to organizational theory and research.

Question 28

If volunteer work were included in national income accounts, it would have a substantial effect on economic statistics.

Question 29

In recent recessions, white collar workers have lost their jobs at about the same rate as blue-collar workers.

Question 30

The majority of temporary workers are not interested in regular employment

Question 31

What is contingent work? From a business standpoint, why is contingent labor beneficial to an organization? How may it be detrimental to a worker?

Question 32

How does the presence of "discouraged workers" affect the official unemployment rate?

Question 33

Ascribed characteristics can affect a person's access to employer-sponsored training.

Question 34

Why is the extent of unemployment difficult to accurately assess?

Question 35

In what ways does joblessness affect physical and mental health?