Deck 23: Molecular Biology

Question 1

Single nucleotide polymorphisms are
a.mutations that occur in a single individual
b.nucleic acid probes that can detect mutations in different sequences of DNA
c.sites in the genome where the DNA sequence of many individuals differs by just a single base
d.used in PCR to amplify mutated DNA sequences

Answer 1

sites in the genome where the DNA sequence of many individuals differs by just a single base

Question 2

The first step in southern blotting is
a.converting DNA into RNA
b.cutting high molecular weight DNA into smaller pieces
c.converting RNA into DNA
d.radioactively labeling the DNA so it can be detected after the procedure is complete

Answer 2

cutting high molecular weight DNA into smaller pieces

Question 3

Synthesizing a protein using information from RNA is known as
a.transcription
b.translation
c.replication
d.transformation

Answer 3

translation

Question 4

An alteration in the nucleic acid sequence in which a specific restriction endonuclease cuts can be detected by
a.ELISA
b.flow cytometry
c.RFLP
d.FISH

Question 5

Hybridization refers to
a.binding a nucleic acid probe to its complementary sequence on a target nucleic acid
b.elongating a piece of DNA during amplification
c.opening double-stranded DNA
d.producing RNgA from DNA

Question 6

Denaturation or "melting" DNA refers to
a.converting DNA into a liquid form so it can be separated by electrophoresis
b.creating RNA/DNA hybrid molecules
c.separating a DNA sequence into individual amino acid codons
d.separating double-stranded DNA into single strands

Question 7

Packaging, organizing, and arranging the DNA in a nucleus is carried out by
a.ribosomes
b.chromatin proteins such as histones
c.tRNA
d.mRNA

Question 8

The polymerase chain reaction is used to
a.convert RNA back into DNA
b.amplify a target nucleic acid sequence to obtain large amounts of that sequence
c.isolate DNA from a DNA/RNA mixture
d.identify specific amino acid sequences of a section of a protein

Question 9

Transferring information from DNA to RNA involves
a.transformation
b.transcription
c.insertion
d.translation

Question 10

A set three of nucleotides that encodes for a specific amino acid is called
a.intron
b.histone
c.exon
d.codon

Question 11

Which of the following is a major difference between RNA and DNA? RNA
a.has guanine instead of cytosine
b.has adenine instead of cytosine
c.has uracil instead of thymine
d.has cytosine instead of thymine

Question 12

Which of the following hybridization techniques does not require separation of different fragments of nucleic acids?
a.northern blot
b.dot blot
c.southern blot
d.western blot

Question 13

The major advantage of microarrays is that they
a.allow the analysis of nucleic acids much more rapidly after southern blotting
b.tallow the separation of different fragments of nucleic acids according to their molecular size
c.quantitate DNA synthesis in a sample in real time
d.allow the analysis of a very large number of target sequences

Question 14

One of the major drawbacks of amplification techniques is that they
a.are much more costly than hybridization techniques
b.are not as sensitive as blotting techniques
c.can easily produce false positive results
d.take a very long time to perform

Question 15

Making different copies of DNA during cell division is known as
a.DNA amplification
b.DNA replication
c.DNA transcription
d.DNA annealing

Question 16

Which of the following is a difference between PCR and RT-PCR?
a.RT-PCR amplifies much larger quantities of DNA than PCR
b.RT-PCR DNA is converted into RNA
c.RT-PCR RNA is converted into cDNA
d.IRT-PCR cDNA is converted into cRNA

Question 17

Which of the following techniques enables the identification of a particular sequence of nucleic acid on a cell or tissue?
a.northern blot
b.western Blot
c.FISH
d.southern blot

Question 18

The process of allowing single-stranded DNA to re-form into a double-stranded form is called
a.annealing
b.degradation
c.denaturation
d.amplification

Question 19

The major difference between southern blotting and northern blotting is that
a.southern blotting can analyze much larger pieces of DNA
b.northern blotting can detect DNA on a living cell or tissue
c.northern blotting has RNA rather than DNA as the analysis target
d.northern blotting can also detect nuclear proteins

Question 20

Restriction endonucleases are
a.enzymes that restrict DNA synthesis
b.enzymes that cut DNA in specific sequences
c.nuclear proteins that are involved in transcription
d.components of the ribosomes involved in protein synthesis

Question 21

The branched DNA test (bDNA)
a.involves the use of special oligonucleotides extenders
b.is used in FISH to visualize DNA in a particular tissue
c.allows the sequencing of a stretch of DNA by bypassing introns
d.is not as accurate and sensitive as the "dot-blot"

Question 22

In DNA, thymine binds to:
a.guanine
b.adenine
c.uracil
d.cytosine

Question 23

The advantage of non-PCR amplification techniques over PCR is that non-PCR amplification techniques can
a.amplify much larger stretches of DNA
b.be carried out at a constant temperature
c.be used on live tissues or cells
d.amplify both nucleic acids as well as proteins

Question 24

In general, to be highly specific for a particular stretch of DNA, probes must contain at least

A)5 bases
B)7 bases
C)20 bases
D)100 bases

Question 25

In RNA, adenine binds to:
a.guanine
b.thymine
c.uracil
d.cytosine