Deck 11: Hearing

Question 1

Alessandra is at a concert and can "feel" the music. The music is most likely being played at _____ dBs.

A) 66
B) 88
C) 102
D) 130

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Adding a 440 Hz tone to a 880 Hz tone and a 1320 Hz tone will result in

A) a pure tone.
B) a complex tone.
C) a "hissing"sound.
D) white noise.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

When listening to music, which of the following methods will help ensure you hear all of the frequencies represented in the piece?

A) Hold volume constant throughout the piece.
B) Turn the volume down (e.g., 20 dB) so the music is quiet.
C) Turn the volume up (e.g., 80 dB) so the music is loud.
D) Play white noise in the background to allow better discrimination.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

A frequency spectrum shows a tone that is composed of a frequency of 440 Hz, 880 Hz, and 1320 Hz. The 880 Hz and 1320 Hz frequencies are called _____ in this example.

A) fundamental frequencies
B) harmonics
C) tertiary frequencies
D) quadratic frequencies

Question 5

The question "If a tree falls in a forest and no one is there to hear it, would there be a sound?" is useful because it highlights that "sound" can be

A) a physical stimulus.
B) a perceptual response.
C) both a perceptual and physical stimulus.
D) a philosophical stimulus.

Question 6

Loudness of pure tones depends on frequency and sound pressure level can be shown graphically using

A) equal loudness curves.
B) timbre resonance curves.
C) receiver operating characteristic curves.
D) Fourier functions.

Question 7

The outer ear consists of

A) the pinnae, the auditory canal, and the tympanic membrane.
B) the pinnea, the eardrum, and the oval window.
C) the tympanic membrane, the oval window, and the eardrum.
D) the cochlea.

Question 8

Pitch is primarily determined by the ______ of the sound wave.

A) amplitude
B) clarity
C) decibels
D) frequency

Question 9

_________ is the property of increasing pitch that accompanies increases in the tone's frequency.

A) Tone height
B) Tone chroma
C) Tone octave
D) Equal tonality

Question 10

A piano tone played backwards will sound more likely an organ than a piano because

A) the tone's original decay has become the attack, and vice versa.
B) the tone chroma is higher when played backwards.
C) the tone height is decreased when played backwards.
D) two middle harmonics are eliminated when played backwards.

Question 11

Kat wants to buy a "dog whistle" that her dog can hear but she can't. She should get a whistle that emits sounds in the range between ____ and _____ Hz.

A) 100; 900
B) 1,000; 5,000
C) 15,000; 20,000
D) 30,000; 40,000

Question 12

The wave form pattern of a pure tone is a(n)

A) square wave.
B) random wave.
C) asymmetrical wave.
D) sine wave.

Question 13

Helen Keller, who was born deaf and blind, felt that being ____ was worse because _________.

A) deaf; it isolated her from people
B) deaf; she couldn't hear music
C) blind; it made it difficult to walk without help
D) blind; it isolated her from things

Question 14

The range of human hearing is between _____ Hz.

A) 10 and 200
B) 10 and 2000
C) 20 and 20,000
D) 20 and 50,000

Question 15

The sound pressure level increases____ as the decibel level increases from 40 to 80 dBs.

A) 1.5 times
B) 2 times
C) 4 times
D) 10 times

Question 16

The sound quality that is related to the sounds clarity, "nasalness" or "reedy-ness" is

A) pitch.
B) amplitude.
C) timbre.
D) frequency.

Question 17

A complex tone can be created by starting with a pure tone, called the ____________, and adding frequencies that are multiples of this first frequency.

A) fundamental frequency
B) harmonic frequency
C) spatial frequency
D) audible frequency

Question 18

The unit of measurement for sound wave frequency is

A) bels.
B) decibels.
C) Hertz.
D) degrees.

Question 19

The speed of sound through air is

A) 50 meters per second.
B) 340 meters per second.
C) 1500 meters per second.
D) 3000 meters per second.

Question 20

As you increase the decibel level from 80 dB to 100 dB, the sound pressure ratio goes from _____ to ______.

A) 80; 100
B) 800; 1000
C) 100; 1000
D) 10,000; 100,000

Question 21

The function of the muscles of the middle ear is to

A) intensify sounds at high intensities.
B) intensify sounds at high frequencies.
C) dampen the ossicles vibrations at high intensities.
D) divert high frequencies to the oval window and low frequencies to the round window.

Question 22

Which of the following does not need an outer or middle ear to hear effectively?

A) dogs
B) cats
C) fish
D) All of these need outer and middle ears.

Question 23

A human tonotopic map shows that a receptor close to the apex will respond to a tone of ___ Hz.

A) 60
B) 800
C) 7,000
D) 30,000

Question 24

The outer hair cells respond to sound by slightly tilting and changing length. Because of the consequence of this, the action of the outer hair cells is called the

A) the tuning response.
B) the cochlear amplifier.
C) phase lock mechanism.
D) the traveling wave.

Question 25

The function of the auditory canal is to enhance the intensities of some frequency sounds by means of

A) resonance.
B) pinnae focusing.
C) additive synthesis.
D) auditory masking.

Question 26

Békésy discovered the traveling wave motion of the basilar membrane by

A) stimulating the ear of human cadavers.
B) using brain imaging techniques in humans.
C) using single-cell recordings from live monkeys.
D) computer simulations.

Question 27

Békésy's place theory of hearing proposes that the frequency of a sound is

A) based on how much the inner hair cells are bent.
B) based on how much the outer hair cells are bent.
C) based on whether the sound is processed through the round window or the oval window.
D) the place along the organ of Corti at which the nerve firing is highest.

Question 28

When the tip links in the cilia stretch, ion channels open and

A) sodium flows into the cell.
B) potassium flows into the cell.
C) sodium flows out of the cell.
D) potassium flows out of the cell.

Question 29

The correct order of the ossicles in the middle ear (from ear drum to oval window) is

A) stirrup; anvil; hammer.
B) stirrup; hammer; anvil.
C) malleus; incus; stapes.
D) stapes; malleus; incus.

Question 30

At their highest settings, MP3 players can reach _____ , which is ________ OSHA's recommended maximum.

A) 100; 15 db higher than
B) 155; 8 db higher than
C) 85; equal to
D) 76; 20 db less than

Question 31

Frequency can be coded by the firing rate at or near the peak of the sine-wave stimulus. This is called

A) motile response.
B) place theory.
C) phase locking.
D) Fourier analysis.

Question 32

The cochlear implant makes use of

A) phase locking mechanisms in the sound processor.
B) the tonotopic map of frequencies on the cochlea.
C) artificial ossicles.
D) resonance harmonics on the tectorial membrane.

Question 33

The motion of the basilar membrane results in

A) direct stimulation of hair cell cilia.
B) back-and-forth movement of the organ of Corti.
C) up-and-down motion of the tectorial membrane.
D) movement of both the organ of Corti and the tectorial membrane.

Question 34

The base of the basilar membrane is

A) the same width as the apex of the basilar membrane.
B) wider than at the apex of the basilar membrane.
C) narrower than at the apex of the basilar membrane.
D) more flexible than at the apex of the basilar membrane.

Question 35

Bendor and Wang (2005), when presenting a complex tone with a 182 Hz fundamental frequency to a marmoset, found a neuron that responded to a 182-Hz tone when presented alone but not when any of the harmonics were presented alone. The neuron that responded just to 182-Hz tone is an example of a(n) _______ neuron.

A) plasticity
B) amplitude
C) pitch
D) spectral

Question 36

The bending of the cilia of the ________ causes a release of small bursts of neurotransmitter.

A) inner hair cells
B) outer hair cells
C) tectorial membrane
D) apex

Question 37

A complex tone composed of a 440 Hz tone, a 880 Hz tone, and a 1320 HZ tone is presented. Which part of the basilar membrane will respond?

A) the apex
B) the base
C) one intermediate area
D) the three different areas characteristic of each individual component

Question 38

Hearing loss that occurs as a function of age is called

A) presbyopia.
B) presbycusis.
C) aural ataxia.
D) anosmia.

Question 39

The role of the middle ear is

A) to localize sounds in the environment.
B) to initiate the process of transduction via hair cells.
C) to enable fine-tuned frequency analyses of complex tonal stimuli.
D) to amplify vibrations from the air for transmission through liquid.

Question 40

The audibility curve of a 6-month-old infant

A) is similar to the audibility curve for an adult.
B) is the same as the audibility curve for a 1-month-old.
C) cannot be determined at such a young age.
D) shows that localization develops over the first 6 months.

Question 41

What are the major components of a cochlear implant?

Question 42

DeCasper and Fifer used ______________ as the dependent variable to test if
Two-day-old infants could identify the sound of the mother's voice.

A) eye movements
B) head tilts
C) pattern of nipple sucking
D) eye blinks

Question 43

Describe the methods, results, and implications of research on the infant's ability to recognize the mother's voice.

Question 44

Describe how the actions of the cochlea results in transduction.

Question 45

Discuss the structures and functions of the middle ear.

Question 46

Define loudness, pitch and timbre and relate each to the physical sound stimulus.

Question 47

Discuss how noise-induced hearing loss can occur, and what can be done to reduce the chances of noise-induced hearing loss.

Question 48

(a) Briefly describe the major principle of Békésy's place theory of hearing.
(b) Describe two types of evidence that support Békésy's theory.

Question 49

If a pregnant mother reads the original version of The Cat in The Hat aloud
While pregnant, which version of The Cat in The Hat would the infant prefer after birth?

A) the original version, as it had been read to them prenatally.
B) a version in which the words "cat" and "hat" were replaced with "dog" and "fog".
C) a version in a language different than that read by the mother.
D) all versions of the story would be equally preferred.

Question 50

Research supports that an infant's ability to recognize the mother's voice is due to

A) genetics.
B) the mother's diet during pregnancy.
C) hearing the mother talk while in the womb.
D) a well-developed auditory cortex at birth.