Deck 12: Romanticism, Realism, and Photography, 1800 to 1870

Question 1

The Realist artist ____ was a defender of the urban working class.

A) ​Honoré Daumier
B) ​Jean-Francois Millet
C) ​Eugène Delacroix
D) ​Rosa Bonheur

Answer 1

​Honoré Daumier

Question 2

Romanticism was indebted to the ideas of _____.

A) ​Newton and Locke
B) ​empiricists
C) ​Jean-Jacques Rousseau
D) ​John Everett Millais

Answer 2

​Jean-Jacques Rousseau

Question 3

In the wake of the French Revolution, _____ seized power in France.

A) ​Charles X
B) ​King George IV
C) ​Ferdinand VII
D) ​Napoleon

Answer 3

​Napoleon

Question 4

The artist Caspar David Friedrich believed that closeness with nature would lead to _____.

A) ​a better understanding of God
B) ​better survival skills
C) ​mental illness
D) ​greater artistic talent

Question 5

What is Edmund Burke's definition of the sublime?

A) ​Awe mixed with terror
B) ​Courage and kindness
C) ​Sentimentality
D) ​Heroic action

Question 6

After having numerous works rejected by the 1855 Salon, Gustave Courbet set up his own exhibition called _____.

A) ​Déjeuner sur l'Herbe
B) ​the Crystal Palace
C) ​the Barbizon School
D) ​Pavilion of Realism

Question 7

Society's increasing emphasis on science in the 19th century led to the emergence of _____.

A) ​Romanticism
B) ​Realism
C) ​Orientalism
D) ​Indian Gothic

Question 8

Géricault criticized the rigidity of the Neocalssical style and instead injected _____ into his artwork.

A) ​drama and emotion
B) ​symmetrical compositions
C) ​strong contour lines
D) ​abstract forms

Question 9

In America _____ specialized in landscape painting.

A) ​the Hudson River School
B) ​the Barbizon School
C) ​positivism
D) ​the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood

Question 10

The European curiosity about non-Western cultures is called _____.

A) ​the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood
B) ​the sublime
C) ​Realism
D) ​Orientalism

Question 11

The _____ were French artists who specialized in scenes of the forest and countryside.

A) ​Neoclassicists
B) Hudson River School
C) ​Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood
D) ​Barbizon school

Question 12

The only valid subjects in Realism were _____.

A) ​mythological scenes
B) ​what could be seen
C) ​allegories
D) ​religious stories

Question 13

Romantic artists advocated for freedom and placed _____ over reason.

A) ​religious belief
B) ​artistic skill
C) ​imagination
D) ​common subjects

Question 14

In the landscapes of the British artist John Constable, _____.

A) ​nature and landscape become one
B) ​color is reduced to only a few values
C) ​the emotive power of color takes over
D) ​figures play a prominent role

Question 15

In the 19th century, Neoclassicism gave way to a new movement called _____.

A) ​academic art
B) ​the Hudson River School
C) ​Romanticism
D) ​the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood

Question 16

In his Napoleon Visiting the Plague-Stricken in Jaffa, Gros borrowed the arcaded backdrop from _____.

A) ​David's Oath of the Horatii
B) ​Delacroix's Liberty Leading the People
C) ​Courbet's The Stone Breakers
D) ​Ingre's Grande Odalisque

Question 17

_____ left the studio of his teacher, David, claiming to have a truer Greek style.

A) ​Antoine-Jean Gros
B) ​Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres
C) ​Eugène Delacroix
D) ​Gustave Courbet

Question 18

Goya's Third of May, 1808 represents _____.

A) ​the French suppression of a Spanish revolt
B) ​the peasant revolt
C) ​the American Civil War
D) ​an allegory of the French Revolution

Question 19

_____ was Napoleon's favorite sculptor.

A) ​Charles Barry
B) ​Edmonia Lewis
C) ​Antonio Canova
D) ​John Nash

Question 20

With his ambitions to rival ancient Rome, Napoleon embraced the _____ style.

A) ​Barbizon
B) ​mystical
C) ​Neoclassical
D) ​Realist

Question 21

The term _____ is used to describe the fantastic exterior of the Royal Pavilion with its domes and minarets.

A) ​Neo-Gothic
B) ​Indian Gothic
C) ​prefabricated
D) ​Neoclassical

Question 22

What concept did the philosopher Edmund Burke explore, and how was it significant to Romantic artists?

Question 23

The _____ was the English movement that refused to be tied to Realist subjects.

A) ​Barbizon School
B) ​sublime
C) ​Hudson River School
D) ​Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood

Question 24

After a fire, the Houses of Parliament were rebuilt in _____ style.

A) ​a Greek
B) ​a Neo-Gothic
C) ​a Baroque
D) ​an Indian Gothic

Question 25

What was the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood? Which artistic principles did they embrace?

Question 26

Daumier contributed to the liberal journal Caricature, which ridiculed _____.

A) ​the Catholic Church
B) ​French bourgeoisie
C) ​artists
D) ​Realists

Question 27

How does Delacroix exemplify Romantic colorist painting?

Question 28

Among the shocking aspects for critics and viewers of Monet's Olympia was _____.

A) ​the unnatural color scheme
B) the domestic space​
C) ​her cat
D) ​her defiant gaze

Question 29

Which aspects of Napoleon Visiting the Plague-Stricken in Jaffa reflect Orientalism?

Question 30

Describe Gustave Courbet's painting technique.

Question 31

Describe the dialogue that exists in the realm of painting at the beginning of the 19th century.

Question 32

What are the main premises of Realism, and how were they put forth by Gustave Courbet?

Question 33

What was Constable's unique contribution to landscape painting?

Question 34

_____ was one of the founders of the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood.

A) ​John Everett Millais
B) ​Thomas Cole
C) ​Thomas Eakins
D) ​Charles Barry

Question 35

Eakins's The Gross Clinic was rejected by critics for being too _____.

A) ​French
B) ​brutal
C) ​big
D) ​intellectual

Question 36

How did Corbet convey the dreary and dismal nature of menial labor in mid-19th-century France?

A) ​Palette of dirty browns and grays
B) ​Strong, diagonal line
C) ​Bright color to highlight the labor
D) ​Soft pastels for the stones

Question 37

What is lithography?

Question 38

Why was Edmonia Lewis's background unusual among artists?

Question 39

Timothy O'Sullivan documented which of the following wars?

A) ​Crimean War
B) ​American Civil War
C) ​Boer War
D) ​War of Spanish Succession

Question 40

Which stylistic features of Ingres emulated Greek art?

Question 41

How did the artist encourage viewers to empathize with the Spanish victims?

Question 42

Citing examples, describe the different approaches to the styles and techniques of architecture encountered in the 19th century.

Question 43

Several artists in the 19th century used current events as their subjects. Providing examples, please describe why certain subjects were chosen and how the artists represented them.

Question 44

Describe how artists developed new approaches to color and to technique. Providing examples, explain their artistic aims and how they challenged traditional painting.

Question 45

Describe the differences between Romantic and Neoclassical artists. Providing examples, please consider influences, subjects, technique, and formal qualities.

Question 46

Attribute the images on the screen to a culture and give an approximate date. Give the reasons for your attributions, using complete sentences and referring to specific works discussed in class.

Question 47

Describe the factors that encouraged the emergence of Realism as a movement. Providing examples, describe subjects and techniques that conform to Realist principles.

Question 48

How does this work challenge traditional values of painting?

Question 49

Which aspects of this work offended critics?

Question 50

How was this work timely and populist?

Question 51

What qualities does Napoleon assume in this painting?

Question 52

What meaning did the Middle Ages hold for artists and architects such as Pugin?

Question 53

How was this artist's approach to color innovative?

Question 54

What elements of the composition go against Neoclassical principles?

Question 55

Why did landscape painting become such a significant subject in the Romantic movement? Describe the different approaches to landscape at the time and the general qualities of Romantic landscapes.

Question 56

What debate exists over the interpretation of the imagery in this work?