Deck 9: High Renaissance and Mannerism in Europe

Question 1

A symbol of the Republic, Florence commissioned Michelangelo to sculpt _____ for the Palazzo della Signoria.

A) ​French Ambassadors
B) ​Rape of the Sabines
C) ​Venus of Urbino
D) ​David

Answer 1

​David

Question 2

Michelangelo's art focused on the expressive power of _____.

A) ​landscape
B) ​abstract forms
C) ​the human figure
D) ​pyramidal compositions

Answer 2

​the human figure

Question 3

Conceived as a great hall with side chapels, the design of Il Gesù was based on _____ by Alberti.

A) ​Villa Rotonda
B) ​Sant'Andrea
C) ​El Escorial
D) ​Château de Chambord

Answer 3

​Sant'Andrea

Question 4

_____ was the word used to describe the expressive character of Michelangelo's works.

A) ​Terribilità
B) ​Sfumato
C) ​Chiaroscuro
D) ​Mannerism

Question 5

Leonardo united his figures in Madonna of the Rocks through _____.

A) ​exaggerated contrasts of light and dark
B) ​gestures
C) ​discordant colors
D) ​markers in the landscape

Question 6

_____ was the chief architect of the Venetian Republic.

A) ​Jacopo Tintoretto
B) ​Titian
C) ​Mathias Grünewald
D) ​Andrea Palladio

Question 7

First used by Alberti at Sant'Andrea, Michelangelo incorporated the _____ on the exterior of Saint Peter's.

A) ​colossal order
B) ​grid plan
C) ​dormers
D) ​pediments

Question 8

Pope Julius II made the decision to replace _____.

A) ​the Colosseum
B) ​Belvedere
C) ​Villa Rotonda
D) ​Old Saint Peter's

Question 9

Scholars believe that the woman beneath God's arm in Michelangelo's Creation of Adam is _____.

A) ​the Virgin Mary
B) ​a human soul
C) ​Mary Magdalene
D) ​his wife

Question 10

After departing from Florence, Leonardo entered the service of _____ in Milan.

A) ​Ludovico Sforza
B) ​Julius II
C) ​Philip II
D) ​Donato Bramante

Question 11

Departing from earlier portraits, Leonardo's presentation of Mona Lisa was not only an indication of status but also _____.

A) ​hinted at her divinity
B) ​a proclamation of his love
C) ​an allegory of death
D) ​the likeness of an individual

Question 12

_____ by Raphael depicts a gathering of philosophers and scientists of the ancient world.

A) ​Pietà
B) ​Madonna in the Meadow
C) ​Philosophy
D) ​Pastoral Symphony

Question 13

Leonardo's subtle adjustment of light and blurring of contours is described as _____.

A) ​sfumato
B) ​terribilità
C) ​poetic
D) ​colorito

Question 14

The _____ was especially important in the Counter-Reformation efforts to reassert the standing of the Catholic Church.

A) Pope's army​
B) ​Byzantine empire
C) ​Jesuit order
D) ​humanist scholars

Question 15

The art commissioned by Julius II broadly reinforced the primacy of _____.

A) ​his family
B) ​the Catholic Church
C) ​Renaissance scholars
D) ​Spanish artists

Question 16

The Catholic efforts to counteract the effects of Protestantism is called the _____.

A) ​Jesuit order
B) ​Counter-Reformation
C) ​Union of Arras
D) ​Habsburg-Valois wars

Question 17

Scholars refer to the artistic period from 1495 to Raphael's death in 1520 as _____.

A) ​the Great Schism
B) ​the Counter-Reformation
C) ​Mannerism
D) ​the High Renaissance

Question 18

Julius II gave Raphael the prestigious commission to decorate _____.

A) ​the altar at Saint Peter's
B) ​the papal apartments
C) ​the town hall
D) ​his fountain

Question 19

_____ developed the High Renaissance form of the central-plan church.

A) Raphael​
B) ​Francis I
C) ​Donato Bramante
D) ​Juan de Herrera

Question 20

The poor condition of Leonardo's Last Supper can be attributed to his experimentation with medium and _____.

A) ​the use of buon fresco
B) ​the cold climate of Milan
C) ​his use of a secco application
D) ​its subsequent relocation to a museum

Question 21

Considered an example of Mannerist architecture, the _____ has several structural surprises and contradictions.

A) ​Il Gesù
B) ​Villa Rotonda
C) ​El Escorial
D) ​courtyard of the Palzzo del Tè

Question 22

Why did Parmigianino elongate the Virgin's neck in his elegant painting Madonna with the Long Neck?

A) ​It was a sign of beauty in the Renaissance.
B) ​Medieval hymns compared Mary to an ivory tower or column.
C) ​To balance the two sides of the painting.
D) ​It connected her to Christ's suffering.

Question 23

_____ has been identified as the artist who introduced the different approach of Venetian art.

A) Hans Holbein​
B) ​Giorgione da Castelfranco
C) ​Donato Bramante
D) ​Bronzino

Question 24

The ideas of _____ eventually led to a prolonged war between Protestants and Catholics.

A) Martin Luther​
B) ​Francis I
C) ​the Council of Trent
D) ​Jean de Dintville

Question 25

The destruction of religious images that occurred during the Protestant Reformation is called _____.

A) ​the Counter-Reformation
B) ​iconoclasm
C) ​secularism
D) ​the Inquisition

Question 26

Quinten Massys's Money-Changer and His Wife warns viewers to _____.

A) ​prepare for the Last Judgment
B) ​save money and donate to the church
C) ​avoid sin and work hard
D) ​balance worldly and spiritual concerns

Question 27

The exacting and detailed style of Hans Holbein is consistent with _____.

A) colorito​
B) ​15th-century Flemish art
C) ​Venetian art
D) ​sfumato

Question 28

In his Assumption of the Virgin, Titian used _____ to increase the dramatic effects.

A) ​gold leaf
B) ​small, intimate scale
C) ​solemn figures
D) ​vibrant color

Question 29

Venetian painting is generally described by scholars as _____.

A) ​poetic
B) ​sfumato
C) ​disegno
D) ​mystical

Question 30

The plan of El Escorial is supposedly based on the _____.

A) ​cross of St. Peter
B) ​sword of St. Paul
C) ​arrows of St. Sebastian
D) ​gridiron of St. Lawrence

Question 31

Which artist applied for a position by telling his prospective patron that he could "contrive various and endless means of offence and defense"?

A) ​Raphael
B) ​Leonardo da Vinci
C) ​Michelangelo
D) ​Titian

Question 32

The poses of Adam and Eve in Dürer's Fall of Man were based on _____.

A) ​ancient statues
B) ​real people
C) ​the French ambassadors
D) ​Hironymus Bosch

Question 33

Albrecht Dürer is considered to be the first artist north of the Alps to understand the principles of _____.

A) Byzantine art​
B) ​Jan van Eyck
C) ​abstract shapes
D) ​Italian Renaissance art

Question 34

The first known northern European self-portrait by a woman is by _____.

A) ​Levina Teerlinc
B) ​Judith Leyster
C) ​Caterina van Hemessen
D) ​Lavinia Fontana

Question 35

The long gray shape in Holbein's The French Ambassadors that becomes a skull when viewed from a specific angle is called _____.

A) ​vanitas painting
B) ​a memento mori
C) ​an anamorphic image
D) ​a genre

Question 36

A pupil of Giorgione _____ became painter of the Venetian Republic.

A) ​Parmigianino
B) ​Giacomo della Porta
C) ​Titian
D) ​Raphael

Question 37

_____ emerged in Italy after 1520 as a distinctive artistic style.

A) ​Mannerism
B) ​Colorito
C) ​Poesie
D) ​Tenebroso

Question 38

The appearance of _____ in the imagery of the Isenheim Altarpiece reflect its location next to a hospital.

A) the Last Judgment​
B) ​Mary's coronation
C) ​saints associated with healing
D) ​Lazarus's resurrection

Question 39

_____ applied Mannerist principles to his sculpture.

A) Giacomo da Vignola​
B) ​Palladio
C) ​Giambologna
D) ​Giulio Romano

Question 40

El Escorial is a _____.

A) palace and monastery​
B) ​country home and school
C) ​chateau and royal academy
D) villa and convent​

Question 41

How does Michelangelo's decoration of the Sistine ceiling differ from Mantegna's approach to the Camera Picta?

Question 42

Describe the differences between Catholic and Protestant views on art.

Question 43

What differences exist between Early and High Renaissance architectural styles?

Question 44

How did Albrecht Dürer show his support of Martin Luther's ideas in his art?

Question 45

Pieter Aertsen's Meat Still-Life is an allegory of _____.

A) ​greed
B) ​prosperity
C) ​salvation
D) ​papal authority

Question 46

Describe one of Michelangelo's best-known observations about creating a sculpture.

Question 47

Explain how Michelangelo adjusted Bramante's plan for the New St. Peter's and his purpose for the changes.

Question 48

What advantages did having one large hall achieve at Il Gesù?

Question 49

What do the terms colorito and disegno designate?

Question 50

Which features of Michelangelo's art contribute to the sense of energy in reserve?

Question 51

What devices did Leonardo use to make Christ the focal point?

Question 52

How did El Greco's travels contribute to his style of painting?

Question 53

Describe Bramante's design for Saint Peter's.

Question 54

How did Michelangelo represent the body in the various scenes in the Sistine Chapel?

Question 55

Which aspects of Leonardo's style does Raphael borrow? What does he reject?

Question 56

How is the positioning of the subjects that Raphael painted for Julius II in his library meaningful for the Pope?

Question 57

How did Michelangelo break from his contemporaries in the application of mathematical methods?

Question 58

Why was the Jesuit order significant in Counter-Reformation Rome?

Question 59

How was the imagery of the Isenheim Altarpiece meaningful to its viewers?

Question 60

What was Leonardo's greatest achievement in this painting?

Question 61

Who was Julius II, and what role did he play in 16th-century politics, religion, and art?

Question 62

How did this artist depart from the architectural qualities of Leonardo's compositions?

Question 63

How does this comparison reveal the directional change that painting took during the later 16th century?

Question 64

What do the various figures symbolize, and how does this evoke a mood?

Question 65

What does this image communicate about the relationship between artists and melancholic temperament?

Question 66

How did Italian architects working in the 15th and 16th centuries adjust classical architecture to suit their needs? Use examples to support your .

Question 67

Attribute the images on the screen to a culture and give an approximate date. Give the reasons for your attributions, using complete sentences and referring to specific works discussed in class.
Suggested images, not in the text:

Question 68

Which features of this work recall Hellenistic art?

Question 69

Why is this painting's subject difficult to discern, and how has it been identified?

Question 70

How do the architectural elements relate to its function as a belvedere?

Question 71

What standards for representing the female nude did Titian establish?

Question 72

What do the animals in this image symbolize?

Question 73

Describe the different approaches to art during the High Renaissance in central Italy and Venice. Please consider the subject matter of artworks, use of color, patronage, or any other relevant factors.

Question 74

What common features tie the High Renaissance artists together? Despite some commonalities what are the unique features of each of the artist's styles. Using examples, identify the focus of each of the High Renaissance artists.

Question 75

Explain the use of allegory and proverbs in 16th-century art. Use examples to support your .

Question 76

Albrecht Dürer is described as the first true Renaissance artist north of the Alps. Which elements of his life and art contribute to this designation? Citing examples, provide evidence of Dürer's engagement with Italian Renaissance principles and humanist endeavors.

Question 77

Discuss the different artistic projects initiated by Julius II. How did these contribute to his goals and the image that he wanted to project?

Question 78

What does the term Mannerism describe? Citing examples, explain how the artists or works fall under the Mannerist label. Please consider the figural style, color, presentation of the subject, and other relevant factors. Why were artists drawn to this style?