Deck 10: Baroque Europe

Question 1

Bernini's baldacchino in Saint Peter's marks the high altar and _____.

A) ​the location of the Last Supper
B) ​the tomb of Urban VIII
C) ​where Saint Peter preached
D) ​the tomb of Saint Peter

Answer 1

​the tomb of Saint Peter

Question 2

The _____ is depicted in the Cornaro Chapel by Bernini.

A) ​mystical vision of Saint Teresa
B) ​Last Supper
C) ​story of Jonah and the whale
D) ​Hapsburg kings

Answer 2

​mystical vision of Saint Teresa

Question 3

The primary patrons of the Spanish artist Francisco de Zurbarán were _____.

A) ​members of nobility
B) ​rich monastic orders
C) ​knights
D) ​members of the middle class

Answer 3

​rich monastic orders

Question 4

Bernini's design for the piazza of Saint Peter's resembled _____.

A) a gesture of embrace​
B) ​a perfect circle
C) ​the stadium of Domitian
D) ​an irregular shell

Question 5

Philip IV of Spain named _____ chief court painter and palace chamberlain.

A) ​Peter Paul Rubens
B) ​Franceso de Zurbarán
C) ​Diego Velázquez
D) ​Rembrandt van Rijn

Question 6

A major international conflict during the 17th century was the _____.

A) ​Thirty Years' War
B) ​Great Iconoclasm
C) ​Great Schism
D) ​discovery of the Americas

Question 7

_____ is the term for the dark settings in Caravaggio's art.

A) ​Circles of confusion
B) ​Tenebrism
C) ​Psychology of light
D) ​Quadro riportato

Question 8

A significant outcome of the Treaty of Westphalia was _____.

A) ​the division of Germany
B) ​religious freedom
C) ​greater power for the Hapsburg Empire
D) ​the establishment of Catholicism in every region

Question 9

Contributing to the sense of theatricality, _____ usually plays an important role in Bernini's sculptures.

A) the absence of motion​
B) ​niche-like enclosures
C) ​the element of time
D) ​painted drapery

Question 10

_____ went further than any previous architect in emphasizing sculptural qualities of a building.

A) ​Fra Andrea Pozzo
B) ​Francesco Borromini
C) ​Gianlorenzo Bernini
D) ​Annibale Carracci

Question 11

Similar to Italian art, Spanish artists, committed to Catholicism, sought ways to _____.

A) move viewers and increase devotion​
B) ​incorporate genre subjects
C) ​portray Old Testament scenes
D) ​emphasize only Christ

Question 12

_____ believed that re-creating spiritual experiences in artworks would increase devotion and piety.

A) ​Charles I
B) ​Frans Hals
C) ​Martin Luther
D) ​Saint Ignatius

Question 13

The Carracci's Bolognese academy was established on the principle that _____.

A) artists are divinely inspired​
B) ​art must be passed down through generations
C) ​art can be taught
D) ​all artists must belong to a guild

Question 14

The various scenes that make up Carracci's Loves of the Gods ceiling painting _____.

A) ​are based on the Camera Picta by Mantegna
B) ​form the shape of a diamond
C) ​face the same direction
D) ​resemble framed easel paintings

Question 15

In Italy _____ remained the major patron of art throughout the 17th century.

A) members of nobility​
B) ​the middle class
C) ​the Catholic Church
D) ​the monarchy

Question 16

The artist Caravaggio was denounced by other artists and critics for _____.

A) not following classical models​
B) ​developing new types of paint
C) ​using bright colors
D) ​having too many assistants

Question 17

Carlo Maderno departed from Bramante's and Michelangelo's designs for Saint Peter's by _____.

A) ​making the dome ogival
B) ​adding a nave
C) ​diminishing the height of the building
D) ​eliminating the dome

Question 18

In the use of commonplace figures and dark settings, Diego Velázquez displayed _____ influence.

A) ​Peter Paul Rubens
B) ​Annibale Carracci
C) ​Fra Andrea Pozzo
D) ​Caravaggio

Question 19

The artist _____ helped disseminate Caravaggio's style throughout Italy.

A) ​Annibale Carracci
B) ​Gianlorenzo Bernini
C) ​Artemisia Gentileschi
D) ​Peter Paul Rubens

Question 20

Although they became an international power in the 16th century, _____ was in decline by the beginning of the 17th century.

A) ​Italy
B) ​the Dutch Republic
C) ​France
D) ​the Hapsburg Empire

Question 21

Along with being a painter, Rembrandt was successful selling his _____.

A) ​sculptures
B) ​antique statues
C) ​prints
D) ​handmade paint brushes

Question 22

_____ reflect the pride the Dutch had in their accomplishments and possessions.

A) Paintings placed in reformed churches​
B) ​Still-life paintings
C) ​Animal paintings
D) ​Textile paintings

Question 23

Peter Paul Rubens's twisted and powerful figures in the Elevation of the Cross demonstrate the artist's admiration of _____.

A) ​Jan van Eyck
B) ​Raphael
C) ​Michelangelo
D) ​Titian

Question 24

One of the references to mortality in Claesz's Vanitas Still Life is a _____.

A) ​scale
B) ​lobster
C) ​tipped glass
D) ​dog

Question 25

According to Nicolas Poussin, the _____ was the foundation for creating a painting in "the grand manner."

A) ​genre subject
B) painterly brushstrokes​
C) ​noble subject
D) ​portrait

Question 26

The Flemish artist _____ developed the first pan-European painting style.

A) ​Rachel Ruysch
B) ​Peter Paul Rubens
C) ​Pieter Claesz
D) ​Anthony van Dyck

Question 27

How did Bernini's piazza design incorporate existing features and compensate for some of the visual qualities of Saint Peter's?

Question 28

The Dutch artist _____ produced lively portraits for middle-class patrons that avoided traditional formulas.

A) ​Frans Hals
B) ​Jan Vermeer
C) ​Nicholas Poussin
D) ​Anthony van Dyck

Question 29

Who held power in the Dutch Republic?

A) ​The king
B) ​Merchants and manufacturers
C) ​The Catholic Church
D) ​Trade guilds

Question 30

On a general level, Diego Velázquez painted Las Meninas to _____.

A) ​elevate his status and his profession
B) ​find a husband for the Infanta
C) ​teach the king how to paint
D) ​repair his tarnished reputation with the king

Question 31

_____ commissioned Peter Paul Rubens to paint a series of paintings that would glorify and memorialize her career.

A) ​Judith van Leyster
B) ​Artemisia Gentileschi
C) ​Rachel Ruysch
D) ​Marie de' Medici

Question 32

Vermeer's Art of Painting has been interpreted as an allegory of _____.

A) ​painting inspired by history
B) ​the importance of Catholicism
C) ​greed
D) ​abstract art

Question 33

How did Fra Andrea Pozzo create the illusion of Heaven opening above the heads of the congregation in the church of Sant'Ignazio?

A) ​He illusionistically continued the church's architecture into the vault.
B) ​He renovated the nave ceiling to provide a better view of the paintings in the vault.
C) ​He painted quadro riportato to simulate a painted view of Heaven.
D) ​He illusionistically lowered the church's actual architecture.

Question 34

Which references to Innocent X are embedded in Bernini's Fountain of the Four Rivers?

Question 35

Vermeer's convincing rendering of space and light may have been achieved with the aid of a _____.

A) ​wooden model for the scene
B) ​telescope
C) ​magnifying glass
D) ​camera obscura

Question 36

Flower painting was very popular in the Dutch Republic because _____.

A) ​flowers evoked the importance of the Virgin Mary
B) ​they had few native flowers
C) ​figure painting was banned
D) ​the Dutch were successful flower growers

Question 37

The artist Nicolas Poussin established _____ as the leading approach to art in France.

A) ​the theatrical style
B) ​the classical style
C) ​tenebrism
D) ​the Spanish style

Question 38

_____ was the greatest architectural project of the age and a symbol of Louis XIV's power.

A) ​The city hall in Paris
B) ​Sainte-Chapelle
C) ​The repair of Notre Dame
D) ​The palace of Versailles

Question 39

The artist _____ acquired a significant reputation painting lush paintings of flowers.

A) ​Rachel Ruysch
B) ​Hyacinthe Rigaud
C) ​Frans Hals
D) ​Judith Leyster

Question 40

Rembrandt's The Company of Captain Frans Banning Cocq represents _____.

A) ​the maneuvers of the Flemish military
B) ​a military company assembling for a parade
C) ​the victory of the Dutch army at Utrecht
D) ​the victory of Cocq's forces at Delft

Question 41

How did Rembrandt enliven group portraiture in Night Watch?

Question 42

How did this architect create motion and enhance the three-dimensional effects in the design of this facade?

Question 43

What role did art play in the reign of Louis XIV of France?

Question 44

Describe the division between Holland and Belgium in the 17th century and how this affected the art of each region.

Question 45

What does Rembrandt's "psychology of light" embody?

Question 46

To what extent did Claude Lorraine incorporate features of classical landscape into his paintings?

Question 47

What contributed to the popularity of landscape scenes in Dutch art?

Question 48

Which features were derived from Michelangelo's Sistine ceiling? How does this artist depart from it?

Question 49

What does Judith Leyster communicate about herself in her Self-Portrait?

Question 50

What subjects did Dutch art center on, and why?

Question 51

How did this artist create the illusion of the Heavens opening up?

Question 52

Which features of this painting elevated the painter's craft?

Question 53

How does this depart from its Renaissance predecessors?

Question 54

How did the artist create an image of relaxed authority?

Question 55

Describe the organization of the gardens at the palace of Versailles. What did the various units of the garden contain?

Question 56

How did Bernini achieve his conception of the Cornaro Chapel as a theater for the production of a mystical drama?

Question 57

Describe the traditional and innovative aspects of Caravaggio's style.

Question 58

How is Carlo Maderno's facade for Saint Peter's representative of the basic design principles of the early Baroque in architecture?

Question 59

Which symbols elevate the power of the Catholic Church?

Question 60

How did the layout of the palace of Versailles and its satellite city reinforce Louis XIV's power?

Question 61

What suggests that this interior scene is full of hidden meaning?

Question 62

Much of the art produced for Catholic Spain and Italy was in the service church. What subjects were popular? How did the presentation of these subjects contribute to the effectiveness of the message?

Question 63

Artists of the Baroque period were especially sophisticated in their use of light and dark. Citing examples, describe how artists used light and dark.

Question 64

In the Dutch Republic, portraiture and group portraiture were popular themes for art. Which artists were especially inventive in this category of art?

Question 65

How did Rembrandt portray himself? What concerns are addressed?

Question 66

What different influences do the features of the facade and dome reflect?

Question 67

Attribute the images on the screen to a culture and give an approximate date. Give the reasons for your attributions, using complete sentences and referring to specific works discussed in class.
Suggested images, not in the text:

Question 68

You have been asked to assemble an exhibition of 17th-century paintings addressing the themes of power and authority. Which five works will you include? Explain your selections.

Question 69

Several artists developed very sophisticated techniques in handling their respective mediums. Citing examples, please consider the novel treatment of the sculpted form, color, and paint application.

Question 70

The construction of Saint Peter's began in the 16th century and continued into the 17th century. Which features were constructed in the Baroque age? How did the new building elements conform to existing principles or depart from them? Which elements strengthened the preeminence of the Catholic Church?

Question 71

How did this artist successfully represent individuals while maintaining a sense of unity?

Question 72

Drama and theatricality are adjectives often used to describe Baroque art. Citing examples, describe how individual artworks used dramatic effects and why.

Question 73

Use four examples to explain how 17th-century artists addressed themselves and the status of their art.

Question 74

Scholars use the term Baroque to describe new stylistic characteristics that emerged in 17th-century Italian art. What are these characteristics? Please provide examples of artworks where these new characteristics are evident.

Question 75

Although new trends emerged in the 17th century, many artists remained bound to the classical and Renaissance traditions. Which artists and works incorporated classical motifs or wholeheartedly expressed the classical tradition?

Question 76

How did the Dutch Republic differ from other nations in the 17th century in terms of religion and its power structure? How did this affect the artworks produced in this country? What subjects became popular, and who were the main art patrons?