Deck 7: Gothic and Late Medieval Europe

Question 1

Which of the following is considered a masterpiece of the Rayonnant style?

A) Reims Cathedral​
B) ​Sainte-Chapelle
C) ​Saint-Denis
D) ​Chartres Cathedral

Answer 1

​Sainte-Chapelle

Question 2

Which of the following was characteristic of the work of Simone Martini?

A) Use of elegant flowing contour​
B) ​Emphasis on drama
C) ​Bold modeling of the figures
D) ​Emphasis on delineation of three-dimensional space

Answer 2

Use of elegant flowing contour​

Question 3

The _____ style of the High Gothic was preferred by the court of Saint Louis.

A) ​Perpindicular
B) ​Fan vault
C) ​Rayonnant
D) ​Mannerist

Answer 3

​Rayonnant

Question 4

Indicating its innovative nature, the name given to the French Gothic style by its contemporaries was the _____.

A) ​opus modernum
B) ​Roman style
C) ​pilgrimage style
D) ​lux nova

Question 5

Amiens Cathedral largely followed the plan and elevation of Chartres Cathedral but has _____.

A) ​lower vaults
B) ​more slender proportions
C) ​more aisles
D) ​a double transept

Question 6

The Gothic style first appeared in _____.

A) ​Lombardy
B) ​Canterbury
C) ​Burgundy
D) ​the Île de France

Question 7

In comparison to Romanesque sculptures, those created in the Gothic period are _____.

A) ​tied to their architectural structure
B) ​more abstract
C) ​reminiscent of the Byzantine style
D) ​more fully detached from the walls

Question 8

In the Gothic period, intellectual and spiritual life shifted from the monasteries to the _____.

A) ​cities
B) ​palaces
C) ​universities
D) ​convents

Question 9

The technique of _____ produced a greater range of colored glass for artists to use.

A) ​flashing
B) ​bar tracery
C) ​enamel
D) ​leading

Question 10

The bell tower of the Florence Cathedral is unlike its northern European counterparts because it _____.

A) ​reaches high into the heavens
B) ​is self-sufficient
C) ​employs spiral staircases
D) ​was made by a well-known architect, not an anonymous craftsman

Question 11

Fan vaulting was most common in which of the following?

A) ​Germany
B) ​France
C) ​Italy
D) ​England

Question 12

The 16th-century Italian artist and writer _____ used Gothic as a term of ridicule.

A) ​Cimabue
B) ​Dante
C) ​Giorgio Vasari
D) ​Saint Francis

Question 13

Scholars consider the post-1194 Chartres Cathedral to be the first _____ building.

A) English​
B) ​secular
C) ​High Gothic
D) ​Rayonnant

Question 14

The Arena Chapel, which contains frescoes by Giotto di Bondone, was commissioned by _____.

A) ​the Sienese civic government
B) ​the guild of linen merchants
C) ​Giotto
D) ​Enrico Scrovegni

Question 15

The Perpendicular style was popular in _____.

A) ​England
B) ​Germany
C) ​France
D) ​Italy

Question 16

During the High Gothic, the gallery tribune was replaced by a band of arcades called the _____.

A) ​crenellation
B) ​gallery of the kings
C) ​lancet
D) ​triforium

Question 17

The Cathedral of _____ was significant because it was the site of the coronation of French kings.

A) Notre-Dame​
B) ​Reims
C) ​Naumburg
D) ​Amiens

Question 18

The _____ of Chartres takes its name from its jamb statues depicting kings and queens.

A) south transept​
B) ​Royal Portal
C) ​rose window
D) ​oratory

Question 19

Abbot Suger is credited with introducing Gothic forms at _____.

A) ​Saint-Sernin
B) ​Saint-Denis
C) ​Sainte-Chapelle
D) ​Notre-Dame, Paris

Question 20

At Reims Cathedral _____ replaced the stone sculptures normally found in the tympanum.

A) ​solid bar tracery
B) ​mosaic
C) ​stained glass
D) ​murals

Question 21

What provided evidence of the growing urbanization of life in the late Middle Ages?

Question 22

Which new type of church furnishing might the artist Nicola Pisano have invented?

A) ​Pulpit
B) ​Altarpiece
C) ​Reliquary
D) ​Crucifix

Question 23

At Naumburg Cathedral the decorative program commissioned by _____ included sculptures of the church's benefactors.

A) ​Holy Roman emperor Frederick II
B) ​Dietrich II of Wettin
C) ​Nicholas of Verdun
D) ​Philip von Heinsberg

Question 24

The _____ was an architectural symbol of the importance of artisans and merchants.

A) ​Arena Chapel
B) ​Maestà
C) ​Reims Cathedral
D) ​Hall of the cloth guild in Bruges

Question 25

Describe how book production changed from earlier periods.

Question 26

In the image of God as the Creator of the World, God is depicted creating the universe using _____.

A) ​the Holy Spirit
B) ​magic
C) ​geometric principles
D) ​religious leaders

Question 27

Gothic manuscripts known as _____ paired Old Testament and New Testament scenes and provided an explanation of their meaning.

A) ​the Divine Comedy
B) ​Moralized Bibles
C) ​Gospel books
D) ​In Praise of Scribes

Question 28

How do stained-glass windows differ from other forms of painting?

Question 29

_____ is regarded as the first Renaissance painter.

A) ​Enrico Scrovegni
B) ​Cimabue
C) ​Giotto di Bondone
D) ​Simone Martini

Question 30

During the Gothic era, _____ was the leading city for book illumination.

A) ​Paris
B) ​Naumburg
C) ​Florence
D) ​Venice

Question 31

How did theologians from the Gothic age describe the significance of stained-glass windows?

Question 32

The sculptures of Ekkehard and Uta by the Naumburg Master appear to be _____.

A) ​Byzantine
B) ​French
C) ​portraits
D) ​Romanesque

Question 33

In English Gothic architecture, an emphasis on _____ was not adopted from the French Gothic style.

A) ​colored stone
B) ​sculpted decoration
C) ​vaults
D) ​height

Question 34

The _____ style of art dominated Italian painting throughout the Middle Ages.

A) illusionistic​
B) ​Byzantine
C) ​French
D) ​Pompeian

Question 35

Although destroyed in the French Revolution, the decoration of the facade of Saint-Denis influenced later Gothic churches. What was the subject matter portrayed there and later on Chartres's Royal Portal?

Question 36

Describe Mary's role at Chartres. What demonstrates her growing importance?

Question 37

Which region was famous for its metalworkers and enamelers?

A) ​Meuse River
B) ​Burgundy
C) ​Tuscany
D) ​England

Question 38

How did the stone frames of stained-glass windows evolve?

Question 39

What prompted the rebuilding of Saint-Denis, and why was Saint-Denis significant?

Question 40

The Röttgen Pietà reflects the growing interest in _____.

A) ​landscape
B) ​the apostles
C) ​Jesus's divine nature
D) ​Jesus's suffering

Question 41

The Gothic style immediately became popular in other parts of Europe. Identify which regions embraced the Gothic style? Which aspects of the French style did they borrow? How did they adapt the Gothic to their own aesthetic preferences?

Question 42

How does this reflect the heritage of the Byzantine icon?

Question 43

Which stylistic influence is evident in the Visitation sculptures?

Question 44

What were the advantages of the Gothic rib vault?

Question 45

How does this represent changes that occurred in sculpture from the Early Gothic period?

Question 46

Which concepts does the term humanism encompass?

Question 47

How is the imagery and motifs appropriate for its patron?

Question 48

What are some of the possible sources for Giotto's style?

Question 49

Chartres Cathedral is considered the first High Gothic church. Which features designate it as High Gothic? Please consider new features in the plan, structure, and nave elevation. What overall visual qualities were achieved?

Question 50

The abundance of stained-glass windows is a hallmark of Gothic architecture. Why did theologians think that its presence was so important? How was stained glass created, and what visual effects did it impart?

Question 51

How does the facade of Salisbury Cathedral differ from French facades?

Question 52

In the late medieval period, several different trends existed in sculpture and painting. Citing examples, identify the different trends. What inspired these different stylistic manners? How did artists adopt or depart from their sources?

Question 53

What are mystery plays, and how does the naturalism of Giotto's art reflect them?

Question 54

What different influences does this combine?

Question 55

Which features became hallmarks of French Gothic architecture?

Question 56

How is the Virgin characterized in this sculpture?

Question 57

How do these depart from Romanesque sculpture?

Question 58

Although English Gothic churches, such as Salisbury Cathedral, borrowed the primary features of the Gothic style, there were also significant differences. Identify these differences considering the exterior and interior of Salisbury. How did English Gothic develop differently than French Gothic?

Question 59

Architectural sculpture continued to be significant in the Gothic age. To what extent does Gothic sculpture borrow or depart from the Romanesque? Were there any changes from the Early to the High Gothic period?

Question 60

What contributed to the sense of buoyant lightness at this church?

Question 61

Discuss the contribution of classical antiquity to Gothic art and architecture. Use examples to support your .

Question 62

Attribute the images on the screen to a culture and give an approximate date. Give the reasons for your attributions, using complete sentences and referring to specific works discussed in class.
Suggested images, not in the text:

Question 63

Describe Giotto di Bondone's contributions to naturalism. Please consider his representation of figures, setting, and the lighting of images.

Question 64

What was the significance of the Meuse River region for sculpture in the Gothic period? Citing examples, describe the outstanding qualities of German sculpture.

Question 65

Siena was an important center in Italy in the late Middle Ages. Who is regarded as the most important painter? Describe the artists who followed, as well as their important contributions.